Life processes Full chapter | class 10 Animated video | 10th BIOLOGY | ncert #science | Chapter 7
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script delves into the fundamental life processes essential for organisms' survival. It covers nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion, explaining how they maintain and repair bodies. The script details plant photosynthesis, human digestion, respiratory systems, and the circulatory system's role in transporting nutrients and oxygen. It also explains the lymphatic system and plant transport tissues, concluding with the human excretory system's function in removing waste.
Takeaways
- 🌿 Life processes are essential for organisms to maintain and repair their bodies, and they include nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
- 🍃 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and glucose, taking place in chloroplasts within green leaves.
- 🌱 Plants obtain raw materials for photosynthesis through stomata for carbon dioxide, roots for water, and sunlight through the leaf surface.
- 🥗 Human digestion begins in the mouth with the action of teeth and saliva, which contains the enzyme salivary amylase that partially digests starch.
- 🔄 The human digestive system is a long coiled tube, the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus.
- 💊 Gastric juice in the stomach contains pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and mucus, aiding in digestion and protecting the stomach lining from damage.
- 🚰 Nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream through villi in the small intestine, which contain blood vessels and lymph vessels.
- 🌀 Respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, with aerobic respiration releasing more energy stored in ATP molecules compared to anaerobic respiration.
- 💨 The human respiratory system includes the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, facilitating the exchange of gases between the blood and the air.
- 🔄 The human circulatory system involves a double circulation, with the heart pumping oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- 🌐 Plant transport systems use xylem for water transport and phloem for food transport, with translocation of materials based on the plant's needs and osmotic pressure.
- 🚰 The human excretory system involves kidneys filtering waste products like urea and uric acid from the blood, which then form urine and are excreted through the urinary bladder and urethra.
Q & A
What are the four important life processes mentioned in the script?
-The four important life processes mentioned are Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion.
How do organisms obtain nutrients for growth and repair according to the script?
-Organisms obtain nutrients through the life process of nutrition, which allows them to obtain food and convert it into nutrients necessary for growth, repair, and maintenance of their bodies.
What is the role of respiration in living organisms?
-Respiration is a life process where organisms obtain oxygen from their surroundings and release carbon dioxide. It also releases energy from food molecules like glucose, which is essential for various cellular activities.
Can you explain the process of photosynthesis as described in the script?
-Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and glucose, which is a form of energy. This process takes place inside the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the green structures of leaves.
How do plants obtain the raw materials for photosynthesis?
-Plants obtain carbon dioxide through stomata, water from the soil through their roots, and sunlight enters the chloroplasts through the upper surface of the leaves.
What is the human digestive system and how does it start?
-The human digestive system is a long coiled tube called the alimentary canal, which starts with the mouth and ends with the anus. The process of digestion begins in the mouth, where food is broken down into a paste by the action of teeth and saliva.
What are the components of gastric juice and their roles in digestion?
-Gastric juice contains pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme, hydrochloric acid makes the stomach medium acidic for pepsin to function properly, and mucus protects the stomach walls from the damaging effects of hydrochloric acid.
How does the small intestine contribute to the digestion process?
-The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system and contains enzymes from pancreatic juice and intestinal juice, such as trypsin, lipase, pancreatic amylase, peptidases, and nucleosidases, which help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Bile from the liver aids in the emulsification of fats and maintaining the intestinal pH for carbohydrate digestion.
What is the role of the human respiratory system in the process of respiration?
-The human respiratory system is designed to absorb oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide. It includes the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, where the exchange of gases between the blood and alveoli takes place.
How does the blood circulatory system transport nutrients and oxygen throughout the body?
-The blood circulatory system, composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, transports nutrients and oxygen by pumping blood through arteries to various body parts and collecting deoxygenated blood through veins back to the heart and lungs.
What is the function of the human excretory system and its components?
-The human excretory system eliminates toxic waste products like urea and uric acid from the body. It consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. Nephrons within the kidneys filter the blood, producing urine that is stored in the bladder and excreted through the urethra.
Outlines
🌿 Fundamental Life Processes and Photosynthesis
This paragraph introduces the essential life processes necessary for organisms to maintain and repair their bodies. It explains that cells, composed of molecules, require a constant supply of new materials and removal of waste, facilitated by life processes. Four key processes are highlighted: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion. The paragraph then delves into the specifics of nutrition in plants, describing photosynthesis as the process by which plants convert inorganic materials into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. It also details the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis and the steps involved, from the activation of chlorophyll to the production of glucose and oxygen. The paragraph concludes with an explanation of how plants obtain their raw materials for photosynthesis, including the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in providing necessary nitrogen.
🍽️ Human Digestion and Respiration
The second paragraph focuses on human digestion, starting from the mouth and ending at the anus, describing the process of food breakdown through various stages of the digestive system. It details the role of saliva, teeth, and the stomach with its gastric juices, including pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. The small intestine is highlighted as the primary site for nutrient absorption, with the help of enzymes from the pancreas, intestinal glands, and bile from the liver. The paragraph then transitions to respiration, explaining the process of aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, which then enters the mitochondria to produce water, carbon dioxide, and energy stored in ATP molecules. It also touches on anaerobic respiration, which occurs without oxygen and results in less ATP production, and mentions the role of fermentation in yeast.
💨 The Human Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
This paragraph explores the human respiratory system, detailing the journey of air from the nostrils through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. It explains the role of hemoglobin in transporting oxygen and the mechanics of breathing. The paragraph then describes the circulatory system, emphasizing the heart's function in pumping blood, the distinction between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, and the concept of double circulation. Blood vessels are categorized into arteries, veins, and capillaries, each with specific roles in transporting blood throughout the body. The lymphatic system is also introduced, explaining its function in absorbing digested fats and returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.
🌱 Plant Transport Systems and Human Excretion
The fourth paragraph contrasts the transport systems of plants and animals. In plants, the transport of food and water is facilitated by xylem and phloem tissues, with the process of translocation driven by osmotic pressure and root pressure. The paragraph explains how plants use ATP to transport glucose and other nutrients and how water is absorbed through roots due to ion concentration differences. It also discusses the human excretory system, which eliminates waste products like urea and uric acid. The kidneys, with their nephrons, are described as the primary filtration units, producing urine that is stored in the urinary bladder and excreted through the urethra.
🚰 The Functioning of the Human Excretory System
The final paragraph delves deeper into the human excretory system, focusing on the kidneys and their nephrons as the key filtration units. It describes the process of blood filtration, where waste products are separated from useful substances. The reabsorption of essential materials back into the bloodstream and the formation of urine from waste and water are explained. The paragraph outlines the journey of urine from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder and its eventual excretion through the urethra, highlighting the importance of this system in maintaining the body's internal balance.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Life Processes
💡Cells
💡Nutrition
💡Respiration
💡Transportation
💡Excretion
💡Photosynthesis
💡Digestive System
💡Circulatory System
💡Chlorophyll
💡ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Highlights
Life processes are essential for organisms to maintain and repair their bodies.
All living things are composed of cells made up of molecules, requiring maintenance for survival.
Life processes involve the supply of new materials and removal of waste from cells.
Four important life processes are nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
Nutrition allows organisms to obtain and convert food into nutrients for growth and repair.
Respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, along with energy release from food molecules.
Transportation is vital for moving useful materials and toxic substances within organisms.
Excretion removes toxic wastes produced in the body.
Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, the green structures within plant cells.
Plants obtain raw materials for photosynthesis through stomata, roots, and sunlight.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants.
Human digestion begins in the mouth and ends at the anus, involving a complex system of organs.
Digestive enzymes like pepsin and amylase break down food into simpler components.
The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.
Respiration in humans involves the intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide, facilitated by the respiratory system.
Aerobic respiration releases more energy than anaerobic respiration but requires a continuous oxygen supply.
The human circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products.
Plants transport nutrients and water through xylem and phloem tissues, respectively.
The human excretory system eliminates toxic substances like urea and uric acid from the body.
The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine, which is stored in the urinary bladder and excreted through the urethra.
Transcripts
foreign
[Music]
that we are going to study is life
processes the life processes helps the
organisms to maintain their bodies as
well as to repair their bodies that
means the organisms cannot survive
without the life processes do you know
all living things are made up of cells
cells are made up of molecules
to keep a cell alive it needs to be
maintained well and repaid from time to
time for this repair and maintenance two
things are to be done one supply of new
materials and two removal of waste and
unwanted materials from these cells
these two tasks are achieved by life
processes in this chapter we will learn
about four important life processes they
are One Nutrition two respiration three
transportation and four excretion first
life process nutrition it is a life
process by which organisms are able to
obtain their food and can convert that
food into nutrients these nutrients
helps the organisms in their growth and
repair and maintenance of their bodies
the second process is respiration in
this process organisms obtain oxygen
from their surroundings and releases
carbon dioxide side out of their bodies
respiration also releases energy from
the food molecules like glucose third
life process is transportation this
process helps in the transport of useful
materials like glucose oxygen and toxic
materials like carbon dioxide
urea Etc cells get oxygen and nutrients
by these three life processes cells use
these materials for production of energy
and to make new complex molecules in
these cellular reactions toxic materials
like carbon dioxide and urea are
produced these toxic materials are to be
sent out of the body then who does this
job exclusion excretion is another
important life process in which toxic
wastes produced in our body are sent out
nutrition in plants plants prepare their
own food by using simple inorganic
materials like water carbon dioxide and
sunlight this process is called
photosynthesis photo means light and
synthesis means making or preparation
now let us see the definition of
photosynthesis photosynthesis is the
process by which plants use sunlight
water and carbon dioxide to produce
oxygen and energy in the form of glucose
that means in photosynthesis water
carbon dioxide and sunlight or the raw
materials glucose and oxygen are the
products we know that photosynthesis
takes place inside the green leaves but
do you know the exact location of
photosynthesis inside the leaf if we
look at the cross section of any Leaf
under a microscope we will be able to
see this kind of green structures
these are chloroplasts
these are the structures in which
photosynthesis takes place now let us
see how plants get their raw materials
for photosynthesis plants get the carbon
dioxide through stomata stomata are the
tiny pores present on the underside of
the leaf plants get water from the soil
through roots
sunlight enters the chloroplast through
the upper surface of the leaf now let us
see the different steps of the process
photosynthesis
step 1. chloroplasts have a green
pigment called chlorophyll this
chlorophyll molecule gets activated by
sunlight
step 2. this light activated chlorophyll
splits the water molecules into hydrogen
and oxygen step 3. the hydrogen produced
in Step 2 reacts with carbon dioxide and
forms glucose apart from glucose plants
also make proteins in their bodies
plants need nitrogen to make protein
molecules plants get this nitrogen from
this soil
nitrogen is present in the soil in the
form of nitrites and nitrates
but from where do these nitrites and
nitrates reach the soil the nitrogen
fixing bacteria present in the soil
converts the atmospheric nitrogen into
nitrites and nitrates this is all about
the nutrition in plants
nutrition in human beings food enters
our body through mouth our digestive
system begins with mouth and ends with
anus different parts of the digestive
system are arranged like a long coiled
tube this tube is called Elementary
Canal the food inside the mouth is made
into a paste by the action of teeth and
saliva saliva is a fluid that makes the
food soft and wet saliva has an enzyme
called as salivary amylase it digests
the starch partially the food is well
chewed in the mouth and it passes down
into the stomach through esophagus the
rhythmic contractions of the esophagus
helps the downward movement of the food
these rhythmic contractions are called
peristalatic movements
this is stomach it is a hollow muscular
organ gastric glands present in the
walls of the stomach they produce
gastric juice
the gastric juice has different
compounds in it they help the stomach in
the process of digestion let us see
different components of this gastric
juice gastric juice has pepsin
hydrochloric acid and mucus in it pepsin
is a protein digesting enzyme the medium
of the stomach should be acidic for the
proper action of the pepsin so the
medium of the stomach is made acidic by
hydrochloric acid HCL is a strong acid
it can cause damage to the stomach walls
a thick layer of mucus protects the
walls of the stomach from the action of
HCL at the end of the stomach there is a
muscular sphincter called as pyloric
sphincter this sphincter releases the
partly digested food slowly into this
small intestine small intestine is the
longest part of the elementary Canal it
is highly coiled to fit in less space
pancreas s secretes pancreatic juice
intestinal glands secrete intestinal
juice and liver secretes bile juice into
the small intestine pancreatic juice and
intestinal juice have enzymes like
trypsin lipase pancreatic amylase
peptidases and nucleosis these enzymes
help in the digestion of carbohydrates
fats and proteins the bile juice that
comes from liver does two important jobs
one emulsification of fats means
converting the bigger fat droplets into
smaller fat droplets by doing this the
surface area of the fat droplets
increases due to increase its surface
area enzymes can digest these fat
droplets more efficiently the second job
of bile is to make the intestinal pH
alkaline in this small intestine
alkaline medium is required for the
digestion of carbohydrates the digestion
of the food gets completed in the small
intestine in the complete process of
digestion carbohydrates are converted to
sugars proteins are converted to amino
acids fats are converted to fatty acids
and glycerol the nutrients that are
formed in the digestion reaches the
cells through the blood circulatory
system but how do these nutrients enter
the blood circulatory system absorption
of nutrients
small intestine has numerous finger-like
projections on its inner surface
these finger-like projections are called
Villi blood vessels and lymph whistles
are present inside these Villi nutrients
get absorbed into these vessels and
enters the bloodstream undigested food
enters into the large intestine the
water present in this undigested food is
absorbed into the blood remaining
undigested waste is excreted out through
anus
respiration now we will study about
respiration respiration is one more
important life process nutrition helps
to get the nutrients like glucose from
food whereas respiration helps in the
release of energy from nutrients like
glucose
in some organisms oxygen is needed for
the process of respiration
the respiration that takes place in the
presence of oxygen is called aerobic
respiration
in aerobic respiration one glucose
molecule splits into two pyruvic acid
molecules
this step takes place in the cytoplasm
of the cell now this pyruvic acid
molecules enters the mitochondria inside
the mitochondria these pyruvic acid
molecules turn into water and carbon
dioxide in this process energy is
released this energy gets packed in ATP
molecules the full form of ATP is
adenosine triphosphate these atps supply
energy to different activities of these
cells for this reason these atps are
called as cell currency in some
organisms oxygen is not needed for
respiration this type of respiration is
called anaerobic respiration but in
anaerobic respiration less atps are
released when compared with aerobic
respiration anaerobic respiration is
observed in organisms like bacteria and
in yeast sometimes even in our bodies
anaerobic respiration takes place why
while doing vigorous exercise the oxygen
levels decrease in our muscle cells this
leads to oxygen deprivation and leads to
anaerobic respiration in anaerobic
respiration pyruvic acid molecules turns
into lactic acid by releasing energy the
buildup of this lactic acid in the
muscle tissue due to anaerobic
respiration leads to muscle soreness or
muscle pain in organisms like yeast
during aerobic respiration pyruvic acid
molecules are converted into ethanol
this process is called as alcoholic
fermentation the energy that is released
in aerobic respiration is greater than
the energy released in the aerobic
respiration but for the process of
aerobic respiration a continuous supply
of oxygen is needed but how do aerobic
organisms gets the continuous supply of
oxygen it is done by breathing
breathing plants have small pores on
their leaves called stomata for the
exchange of gases animals need special
respiratory organs for the exchange of
gases then how do humans get the oxygen
let us see breathing is an important
part of respiration breathing helps to
obtain oxygen from these surroundings
human respiratory system is well
designed to absorb oxygen from the
atmosphere
let us see the structural and functional
importance of human respiratory system
human respiratory system begins with a
pair of nostrils air enters the nose
through the nostrils thin hairs present
in the nasal passage filters the dust
particles that we breathe in the nasal
cavity is lined with mucus and it makes
the air moist and humid now this moist
air enters the windpipe windpipe is also
called as trachea it is supported by
c-shaped cartilaginous Rings these Rings
support the trachea and helps to keep it
open all the time
windpipe divides into two branches these
branches are called bronchi they are
further divided into fine branches
called bronchioles
finally these bronchioles are attached
to small balloon-like structures these
balloon-like structures are called
alveoli the wall of the alveoli has a
network of blood capillaries here the
exchange of gases takes place between
the blood and alveoli the blood that
comes from the body parts has more
carbon dioxide in it the air that enter
the alveoli has more oxygen in it due to
this difference the exchange of gases
takes place between the blood and the
alveoli oxygen is transported by a
pigment called as hemoglobin which is
present in the RBC of blood
carbon dioxide is transported by blood
in dissolved now let us look at the
human transport system transportation is
an important life process materials
required for nutrition respiration and
excretion are supplied by the transport
system hot blood and blood vessels are
the three important parts of the human
transport system just like how an
electric motor pumps water in the pipes
heart pumps the blood into the blood
vessels our heart is a muscular organ it
is in the size of our fist heart does
two important jobs the first job is to
collect deoxygenated blood from the
different parts of the body and send it
to the lungs for the oxygenation this
task is done by the right side chambers
of the heart the second job is to
collect the oxygenated blood from the
lungs and Supply it to the different
parts of the body this task is done by
the left side chambers of the heart but
these two tasks are to be performed at
the same time at first left atrium and
right atrium gets relaxed the left
atrium gets the oxygenated blood from
lungs right atrium gets the deoxygenated
blood from the body parts now both these
Chambers get contracted and pump the
blood into the bottom Chambers now the
left ventricle get contracted and sends
the oxygenated blood to the body parts
at the same time right ventricle pumps
the deoxygenated blood into lungs
animals like birds and mammals have a
four chambered heart in the circulatory
system of these organisms oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood circulates separately
the blood travels through the heart
twice in one complete cycle of blood
circulation one time between the heart
and lungs and the second time between
the heart and body parts so this type of
circulation is called double circuit
Circle relation or double circulation
now we will study about the blood and
blood vessels in our body we have three
different types of blood vessels named
as arteries veins and capillaries
arteries carry the oxygenated blood from
heart to different parts of the body
heart pumps the blood into arteries with
great pressure arteries have thick and
elastic walls to resist this blood
pressure veins collect the deoxygenated
blood from the body parts and carry it
to the heart veins do not have thick
walls since the pressure of blood is low
in veins but veins have valves in them
due to these valves the flow of blood
takes place only in one direction to
supply the materials to cells arteries
split into thin fine tubules called
capillaries these capillaries join
together to form the veins if all blood
vessels are cut in any accident blood
flows out through these blood vessels
this leads to loss of blood to stop the
bleeding blood blood platelets move to
the site of the leakage and plug the cut
temporarily just like blood circulatory
system we have another system in our
body called as lymphatic system lymph
Flows In This lymphatic system lymph is
a colorless fluid the liquid part of the
blood is called plasma this plasma
escapes out the circulatory system
through this small pores present in the
walls of the capillaries this fluid gets
accumulated in the intercellular spaces
of different tissues later this fluid
becomes the lymph this lymph enters the
lymphatic vessels through the lymph
capillaries finally these lymph vessels
open into the large veins lymphatic
system does two important jobs the first
job of lymph is to absorb the digested
fats in the intestines the second job is
to collect the extracellular fluid and
deposits it into the bloodstream these
are the important points of the animal
transport system now we will study about
the plant transport system the
requirement of energy in plants is less
that's why they have a slow transport
system in Plants the transport of food
and water takes place by two different
types of tissues they are xylem and
phloem the food that is prepared in the
leaves of the plants during
photosynthesis has to be supplied to
different parts of the plants this
process is called as translocation the
translocation of food materials like
glucose takes place through phloem
tissue in Plants this translocation
takes place in both upwards and in
downwards directions energy is required
for the process of translocation cells
get this energy from ATP at first with
the use of energy from ATP sucrose
enters the phloem tissue then the
osmotic pressure inside the phloem
tissue increases now due to this osmotic
pressure water enters the phloem tissues
now with this pressure food materials
are taken to to different tissues of the
plants phloem transports the food as per
the requirements of the plants for
example in Spring season buds need food
material for flowering then the phloem
transports the food from stem or root
the transportation of water takes place
through xylem tissues in plants plant
parts like stems branches roots and
leaves have xylem vessels and tracheids
in them now we will see how the water
enters into the roots the cells of the
roots that comes in contact with this
soil actively takes the ions from the
soil into them due to this kind of
active transport of ions the difference
in the concentration of ions develops
between soil and root cells to balance
this difference water enters the roots
during night the transportation of water
in Plants takes place through root
pressure during day time plants keep
their stomata open for the process of
transpiration due to this transpiration
water moves up in the xylem now we will
discuss about the human excretory system
cells while carrying out their
activities they produce toxic
nitrogenous substances like urea and
uric acid these compounds are to be
eliminated from our body this job is
done by the excretory system blood
collects and Carries these toxic
materials to the excretory system for
filtration human excretory system has
two kidneys two ureters one urinary
bladder and one urethra in it nephrons
are the structural and functional units
of the kidney these are the tiny
structures that filter the blood each
nephron has a tuft of capillaries called
glomerulus and a cup-like structure
called Bowman's capsule nephrons filter
the blood and removes the waste like
urea uric acid creatinine Etc useful
materials like glucose amino acids and
salts also get filtered in the Bowman's
capsule but later they get reabsorbed
back into the blood circulatory system
filtered wastes along with water is
called as urine it enters the urinary
bladder through ureters once the bladder
is full it triggers the sensation of
urination when we relax the muscles of
the urinary bladder then the urine flows
out through the urethra these are the
important points of the life process
thanks for watching
[Music]
thank you
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