KPIs for Digital Marketing | How to Evaluate Your Marketing Performance
Summary
TLDRThis video script by Eric dives into key performance indicators (KPIs) for digital marketing, explaining the marketing funnel and its impact on customer acquisition costs (CAC) and retention. It illustrates the importance of understanding both top and bottom funnel strategies, using real-world examples to demonstrate how focusing solely on channels with lower CAC, like Google Ads, can inadvertently increase overall costs. The script emphasizes the significance of customer lifetime value in determining a sustainable CAC and provides practical insights for e-commerce teams and marketers.
Takeaways
- 📈 Understanding the marketing funnel is crucial for evaluating the performance of individual marketing channels and overall business performance.
- 💰 Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) is a key metric, representing the advertising spend required to acquire one new customer for the first time.
- 🔄 The marketing funnel consists of three main parts: top of the funnel for awareness, mid-funnel for consideration, and bottom of the funnel for conversions.
- 📊 Different businesses may have different funnel lengths and channel placements, depending on product price and customer decision-making time.
- 📌 The top of the funnel typically has the highest CAC due to the need to reach out to a larger, unknown audience.
- 📉 Conversely, the bottom of the funnel has the lowest CAC as customers are closer to making a purchase and have shown more interest.
- ❗ It's a common mistake to focus solely on the performance of individual channels without considering how they interact and feed into each other within the funnel.
- 🚫 Simply reallocating budget from a channel with a higher CAC to one with a lower CAC without considering the funnel dynamics can lead to increased overall CAC.
- 🔄 A balanced approach is necessary, often allocating 60-75% of marketing spend to the top of the funnel to ensure a steady flow of new customers.
- 💡 Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is essential for determining the highest CAC a business can afford while still making a profit.
- 📈 The optimal CAC can be found by analyzing historical customer data to understand how much profit can be made from a customer over their lifetime with the company.
Q & A
What are the two main goals when evaluating the performance of digital marketing?
-The two main goals are to understand Customer Acquisition Costs (CAC), which is the advertising spend to get one new customer, and to evaluate customer retention and Customer Lifetime Value (CLV), which represents the total revenue from a customer over their relationship with the company.
Can you explain the concept of the marketing funnel?
-The marketing funnel is a visual representation of how digital marketing works. It has three basic zones: the top of the funnel for awareness and reaching new customers, the mid-funnel for building relationships and moving customers closer to conversions, and the bottom of the funnel for conversions and purchases.
What is the significance of understanding Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) in digital marketing?
-CAC is significant because it helps businesses determine how much they should spend on advertising to acquire a new customer. It's crucial for evaluating the efficiency of marketing efforts and ensuring that marketing spend leads to profitable customer relationships.
Why is it important to consider both paid and organic channels when evaluating marketing performance?
-Both paid and organic channels contribute to a business's overall marketing performance. Paid channels involve direct advertising spend, while organic channels, like search engine optimization and word of mouth, can bring in customers without direct cost. Considering both helps in understanding the full scope of customer acquisition and retention.
How does the customer acquisition cost vary across different parts of the marketing funnel?
-The customer acquisition cost is typically highest at the top of the funnel because it involves marketing to people who are not aware of the brand. It's lower in the mid-funnel because these customers have shown more interest. The bottom of the funnel usually has the lowest CAC as these are customers ready to make a purchase.
What is the relationship between the top of the funnel and the bottom of the funnel in terms of customer acquisition?
-The top of the funnel is responsible for bringing in new customers, which then feed into the mid and bottom of the funnel. If there's no customer acquisition at the top, there will be fewer customers reaching the bottom of the funnel, affecting overall conversions and sales.
Why should a business not solely focus on the performance of individual marketing channels in isolation?
-Focusing on individual channels in isolation can lead to an oversimplified understanding of marketing performance. Channels often work together, with top-funnel channels like Facebook bringing in new customers that eventually convert through bottom-funnel channels like Google Ads.
What is the Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) and how is it calculated?
-Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) is a metric that measures the efficiency of advertising efforts. It is calculated by dividing the total revenue generated by the ads by the total advertising spend, providing a ratio of how well ads are driving revenue.
How can a business determine the highest Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) it can afford while still making a profit?
-A business can determine the highest CAC it can afford by analyzing the Customer Lifetime Value (CLV). If the CLV is higher than the CAC, the business can afford to spend more on acquiring new customers, as the profit will be made back over the customer's lifetime.
What is the role of customer retention in evaluating the effectiveness of a marketing strategy?
-Customer retention is crucial as it helps in understanding the lifetime value of a customer and the overall profitability of a marketing strategy. Retained customers are more cost-effective as they contribute to revenue without requiring additional acquisition costs.
Outlines
📈 Introduction to Digital Marketing KPIs
Eric introduces the video's focus on key performance indicators (KPIs) for digital marketing. He outlines the plan to discuss the marketing funnel, performance evaluation of each channel, understanding overall marketing performance through dashboards, and determining the budget for marketing. The video targets e-commerce and marketing teams, including startup founders and finance executives. It emphasizes the importance of customer acquisition costs (CAC) and customer lifetime value (CLV), explaining that CAC is the cost of advertising to gain a new customer, while CLV represents the total value a customer brings over their relationship with the company.
💰 Understanding Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)
The paragraph delves into the concept of customer acquisition cost (CAC), defining it as the total advertising spend required to acquire a new customer. It explains why CAC is crucial for digital marketing, using the analogy of a grocery store to illustrate the long-term value of a customer. The importance of CAC is further emphasized through its impact on the profitability of marketing efforts. The discussion also touches on the expected CAC at different stages of the marketing funnel, noting that top-of-funnel channels typically have higher CAC due to targeting cold audiences, while bottom-of-funnel channels have lower CAC as they target customers who are ready to make a purchase.
🔍 The Impact of Channel Interactions on CAC
This section uses a case study approach to demonstrate the interplay between marketing channels and their impact on CAC. It warns against the oversimplification of cutting spend on channels with higher CAC without considering their role in the funnel. The example shows how reducing Facebook ads, which are top-of-funnel, and increasing Google ads, which are bottom-of-funnel, can inadvertently increase overall CAC. The narrative highlights the importance of understanding how channels complement each other and contribute to the overall marketing performance.
📊 Analyzing Marketing Performance with Dashboards
The paragraph introduces the use of digital marketing dashboards to analyze the performance of paid and organic channels. It explains the metrics used to evaluate these channels, such as return on ad spend (ROAS), customer acquisition cost, and total revenue. The discussion includes a hypothetical scenario where adjusting the budget allocation between Facebook and Google ads affects the overall performance metrics. The importance of not isolating channels but considering their collective impact on CAC is reiterated.
🔄 Balancing Paid and Organic Marketing Channels
This section discusses the importance of including organic customers in the analysis of marketing performance. Organic customers, who convert without the need for paid advertising, are crucial for understanding the full scope of a business's marketing effectiveness. The paragraph introduces the concept of a blended ROAS and a blended CAC, which take into account both paid and organic transactions to provide a comprehensive view of marketing performance. The emphasis is on achieving the lowest overall blended CAC by understanding the role of each channel in the customer journey.
📉 Determining the Optimal CAC through Customer Lifetime Value
The final paragraph focuses on determining a good CAC by analyzing customer lifetime value (CLV). It explains that the highest profitable CAC can be identified by understanding how much gross profit a business can expect from the lifetime purchases of an average customer. The calculation of CLV is outlined, using average order value (AOV) and gross profit margin to estimate the total profit from a customer. The discussion concludes that knowing the CLV allows businesses to set a reasonable CAC and make informed decisions about marketing spend.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡KPIs
💡Marketing Funnel
💡Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)
💡Customer Retention
💡Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)
💡Digital Marketing Dashboard
💡Return on Ad Spend (ROAS)
💡Top of the Funnel (TOFU)
💡Middle of the Funnel (MOFU)
💡Bottom of the Funnel (BOFU)
💡Organic Customers
Highlights
Introduction to the importance of KPIs in digital marketing and the marketing funnel.
Two primary goals in evaluating marketing performance: customer acquisition costs (CAC) and customer retention with lifetime value.
Explanation of the marketing funnel's top, mid, and bottom sections and their respective roles in customer engagement.
The significance of understanding CAC by channel and its impact on overall business performance.
How different businesses may have varying funnel lengths depending on product price and customer decision-making time.
Example of marketing channels mapped to the marketing funnel for an e-commerce business with a low average order value.
The concept of Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) and its calculation as a key metric for ad efficiency.
Common misconceptions about channel performance, such as the oversimplification of cutting Facebook ads in favor of Google Ads.
The impact of channel interdependence on overall customer acquisition costs and the importance of a holistic view.
Demonstration of how reallocating marketing budgets can inadvertently increase overall CAC and decrease ROAS.
The role of organic customers in the marketing funnel and their contribution to overall business performance.
Introduction of a digital marketing dashboard that includes both paid and organic transactions for a comprehensive view.
Calculation of blended ROAS and CAC, incorporating both paid and organic customer data for a more accurate performance assessment.
The significance of customer retention and lifetime value in determining a sustainable CAC.
How to calculate Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) and its role in justifying marketing spend and CAC.
Strategic allocation of marketing spend across the funnel, with a focus on the optimal balance between top and bottom funnel investments.
Conclusion emphasizing the importance of understanding channel interactions and customer lifetime value for effective digital marketing strategy.
Transcripts
hey everyone eric here today
we're going to break down the most
important kpis for digital marketing
first we'll review the marketing funnel
and how to evaluate the performance of
each individual channel
then we'll discuss how to understand
overall marketing performance for a
business
using simple digital marketing
dashboards and finally we'll talk about
how much a business can afford to spend
in marketing
okay let's get started so when you're
thinking about marketing
there's ultimately two goals that you
have when trying to evaluate the
performance
the first is something called the
customer acquisition
costs and we're going to talk about what
this is but it's basically the
advertising that you spend to get
one new customer to buy for the first
time so we're focused on this metric of
course
overall for our business but also by
each individual channel
the second thing you're trying to
understand is customer retention and
customer lifetime value
so this basically represents how many
times
the average customer buys over the
lifetime of their relationship with the
cut
with the company so most customers will
buy a series of times
over and over and over again so you're
trying to basically understand
um how much one customer will be worth
in the future
after they buy so this video is
basically for
anyone who's running an e-commerce team
or a marketing team
so people like startup founders digital
marketing and finance
executives who are trying to understand
um how
each element of the digital marketing
funnel is performing
but also how the overall business is
performing
so let's jump into part one which is
the longest part for this video and it's
understanding customer acquisition cost
overall and by channel so let's start
out with um
talking about the best way to visualize
how digital marketing works
which is basically something we call the
marketing funnel and so this is kind of
what it is right here this is supposed
to be a funnel
so with a funnel things come in the top
and then a very small amount
uh comes out the bottom so there are
three
um basic zones or sort of
elements to the funnel there's the top
of the funnel
which is generally where we do things
related to awareness
so we're reaching new customers for the
first time
so uh and then you have the mid funnel
which is
so these basically these new customers
that you contacted for the first time
then basically you try to get them into
the mid funnel which is where they are
figuring out if they want to buy so
you're building relationships with them
moving them closer to conversions so
this is what we call the consideration
phase for the customer
and then the bottom of the funnel is
conversions which are purchases
so this is where we try to entice them
to purchase sometimes with discounts
sometimes with
just making it really easy we try to
remove the friction for them to finally
make that purchase and so the the funnel
itself represents the process
of getting people from prospects who
don't know about the company
to purchasers which are clients of the
company
and so funnels are really really
different depending on the business it
also
depends for instance a business with a
very high price
may have a very long funnel where the
customer needs to think about it for
many months before they buy but
a business with a very low price product
it could be that
most of the conversions happen
immediately basically that the the
the top of the funnel and the bottom of
the funnel are not very far apart
okay so here's an example of
marketing channels by funnel and this
would be for like an e-commerce business
with a relatively low
average order value and again any of
these channels could be in any part of
the funnel it depends on
what the business is what it's selling
how it wants to use these tools but
let's say we're
an e-commerce business with a low-priced
product top of the funnel
for a lot of these small businesses is
just facebook ads that's where you're
gonna find people
who don't know about your product and
you're gonna get in front of them and
try to start interacting with them
this could also be any awareness related
stuff because remember the top of the
funnel's awareness so this could be
events this could be pr this could be
television
etc so you're trying to hit those new
people for the first time
and then for our example business let's
say mid funnel is email so let's say
that first time you're able to capture
their email somehow
and so now you're sending them
information about the company maybe
you're telling your story
maybe you're sending them discounts
whatever so you're trying to move them
closer in to do a conversion and then
for a lot of businesses bottom of the
funnel
is google ads and the way that google
ads work
is there's a lot of different types of
google ads but the main ads are
called search ads so people either
search for
your company itself the name of your
company or
your exact product maybe not the name of
your company but they're searching for
your product
so then you show them an ad to try to
either to try to bring them to the
website so these people
have uh are called like high intent
customers because they're at the bottom
of the funnel and they're already
trying to buy what you're selling so
these are kind of bottom of the funnel
activities and again there's a lot of
different channels that would be at the
bottom of the funnel but think about
that's the moment of conversion you're
trying to find that customer
so again i just want to redefine
customer acquisition cost this is for
sure the most important metric
in all of digital marketing so customer
acquisition costs we call it cac
it's the total advertising spend to get
one new customer to buy for the first
time
and so why is that important
well if you think about a customer let's
say a really simplistic
in-person business like a grocery store
let's say
you get a customer they come to the
grocery store for the first time
um that customer if they have a good
experience will probably go back to that
store
many many times dozens and dozens of
times could be for many years
and so all of those additional times do
they need to be advertised to to come
back over and over again no
no basically all of the advertising and
marketing
is focused and almost all of it will be
spent
to get people to come to that grocery
store for the first time to have that
first experience and it's the same with
any business
basically you know almost all of the
paid marketing happens to try to get
people to make that first purchase
some marketing will go to returning
customers et cetera but
most of it is going to go to that first
purchase so that's why we are so laser
focused on something we call customer
acquisition cost so customer acquisition
costs
expectations so let's think about the
funnel so
the top of the funnel is always going to
have the highest customer acquisition
cost
and that's kind of obvious because let's
say you're marketing to people who don't
know about your brand
well you're going to have to market to a
lot more people to get
one of them basically through your
funnel or to get one of them to purchase
because
these people are cold they don't know
who you are so you're going to have the
highest what's called
cac at the top of the funnel mid funnel
kind of a little bit lower because these
people are already
sort of have moved closer to the
business they've shown more interest
and then bottom of the funnel is going
to have the lowest customer acquisition
cost
because these are the very few customers
who you've gotten all the way through
your funnel
and are basically ready to buy and
you're just trying to push them over the
edge so they can buy
so these different parts of the funnel
are not really comparable to each other
but generally you'll see
on top in top of the funnel marketing
channels you'll see very high customer
acquisition costs
and bottom of the funnel funnel channels
you'll see very low customer acquisition
costs and this is natural and this is
what you should expect
so let's talk about uh let's say let's
call it a case study but i'm going to
call it
a very common situation in e-commerce
that i see at almost every single
company so
let's say you're looking at your
marketing channels and
whoever's looking at this the head of
finance or the founder or whatever
they're not thinking about the funnel
they just look at facebook
and they're like wow our facebook ads
are crazy expensive we're losing money
on each order
that we are able to get through facebook
advertising
but then google is crushing it every you
know the cost customer acquisition cost
is
super super low on every order we're so
profitable
quest so the question is should we turn
facebook ads
off and increase budgets for google ads
and many companies do this and they find
out
that it's not as simple as that because
complements google facebook's at the top
of the funnel google's at the bottom of
the funnel but if you don't think about
how
one channel feeds the next it's very
easy to jump to this oversimplified
conclusion
and think okay let's turn google spend
up and facebook spend
down and let me show you sort of how
that plays out in real life and this is
i've seen the same thing over and over
and over again so it's pretty
pretty obvious what's going to happen to
me now but let me just show you all
so here's an example dashboard which
looks at our
paid advertising channels so
i i specify to say paid because paid are
channels where you
you pay money to do the advertising but
there's also organic channels which
are places that you do marketing for
free so that could be through search
engines that could be through
email that could be other stuff but
we're just looking at our paid channels
of facebook and google because these are
basically the advertising channels that
make up
75 or more percent of all the
advertising of
almost all companies so these are kind
of the most important
so first off roads you'll see me talk
about roads roads is
is a an acronym for something called
return
on ad spend and how you calculate this
is you look at the total revenue
that you get from those ads and you
divide it by the spend
so here row as is just the 12
500 in revenue that you drove through
facebook ads
divided by the 5 000 that you spent on
facebook ads so it's a ratio of how
efficient
your ads are driving revenue so let's
say we have this business
in january we spent a total of seven
thousand five hundred dollars
we drove twenty eight thousand dollars
through facebook and google
the paid row as was three point eight
we drove 180 purchases
through facebook and google and the paid
customer acquisition cost is the spend
divided by those paid purchases
so it costs us 42 on average to get
someone to buy
between these two channels but if we
zoom in on the channels
you see we spend five thousand on
facebook the paid raise is only two
point five
and the paid realize on google is six
point four
and we spent only two to 2500
and you see that the customer
acquisition cost on facebook is 59
and on google it's 26. and i'm trying to
illustrate this
situation here that i see very commonly
and so
um the founder says okay let's cut back
facebook spend and let's
boost google spend without realizing
that
uh the google client the clients that
are being converted
um through the google channel a lot of
them actually come
through facebook so what we do is we cut
facebook spend back
from five thousand to four thousand and
you see the paid row as stays
exactly the same and then
we increase google we increase it from
2500 to 5000
and you see that the paid rep goes
up goes to 25 000 but the row as goes
from 6.4
to 5. and if you look at our overall
paid customer acquisition cost the total
purchases
divided sorry the total spend divided by
the total purchases
it actually went from 42 to 50.
so even though in this situation we cut
back the channel
that had a worse row as and we boosted
the channel that had a better row as
our overall customer acquisition cost
went up which is a bad
thing so what they do in february is
they make the same mistake they say well
look
google's still outperforming facebook by
a lot let's
spend even more on google let's increase
it from 5000 to 7 500
and let's cut facebook back even more to
3 500.
so what you see on facebook is you'll
have the same paid row as
because facebook is the top of the
funnel nothing feeds facebook facebook
is its own
um channel finding new clients but
again the paid rewards drops from five
to four
so you drive a little more revenue but
now
your customer acquisition cost whereas
on facebook it's been
even going down a little google it went
from 26
now 47 now 57
and you're paid roas is higher on google
than facebook
so you keep thinking well we should just
allocate more money to google because it
has a better return
than facebook and now your overall paid
customer acquisition cost
has gone up to 55 from 42. so
again this is why you can't look at each
channel
and compare it to the other channels and
say okay
you know if google is working better
than facebook let's spend more on google
you need to understand that facebook
brings
customers into your funnel and if
there's no customers coming into your
funnel
at the top then there's fewer customers
that are going to be getting to the
bottom of your funnel
so the fewer customers you have coming
into your funnel the fewer customers you
have going out the bottom of your funnel
so again this is obviously you know you
could keep going down this path until
your customer acquisition costs are
terrible and again i've seen that happen
many times
and so the top of the funnel should have
a higher cac
and it can't be compared one to one to
the bottom of the funnel cac what you
should be focusing on
is the overall cac of the channels
combined
and figuring out how you can get that to
the lowest number possible
and a lot of times it's actually a
matter of spending more
at the top of the funnel because that
pushes
the cac for channels at the bottom of
the funnel even lower
now that we've talked about paid
channels this is a you know a simplified
kind of uh digital marketing uh
dashboard
that you can build and if you had other
pay channels you could kind of add them
in here but these are the main metrics
you want to be focused on
so what about organic customers so those
are customers that buy for free
so meaning we didn't do any paid
advertising to them so those could be
coming through search engines
word of mouth email etc so they they
came in to the website and they bought
something but we didn't spend any money
to get them there
so those are obviously part of your
funnel too those are conversions
and we need to build a digital marketing
uh we need to build digital marketing
kpis that include those so
here's an example marketing dashboard
that shows overall performance so
paid and organic transactions so let me
kind of
walk you through how this works
and in up above in this dashboard you
see i said paid cac paid purchases paid
rev paid row as right
now i'm saying blended blended means
paid
and organic so it basically means all so
all transactions so we have blended row
as
blended customer acquisition cost so
this is our overall performance
so in this situation
we have the numbers from above we have
the 7
500 9 000 11 000 so we have our
our advertising spend coming through um
but you see that our our revenue here 3
800
and this is 2 our revenue is higher and
it's because there's revenue coming in
that's outside of what we do
on facebook and google and those are
that's our organic revenue
so in this situation if we look at our
blended row as it's our
total revenue divided by spend so that's
5.13 whereas up above is 3.8
so again this brings in all of our
channels all of our customers
and then to calculate our blended cac
which is
critical we need to look at
both our new clients and our returning
clients
so again customer acquisition cost is
the cost to get a new client to buy for
the first time
so to calculate this you're going to
take
total new clients divided by total spend
and that's going to give you a blended
customer acquisition cost of 20
and some of these new clients are coming
through organic channels some are coming
through paid
and then you have um a customer
acquisition cost
here that goes it's uh 9 000 divided by
400
and you see it's going up because we are
sort of um
you know reallocating money to google
and it's not working because we have
sort of shut off the top of the funnel
which ends up
not working and here you see we have our
returning clients
returning clients are not included in
the customer acquisition metric
but the this is how you understand your
lifetime value so what is your customer
retention
how much of that revenue is coming back
um
and from customers who are coming back
for free we're not doing any advertising
they're just coming back because they
like us and they're buying and
obviously this is a huge focus so you
have on one hand your customer
acquisition and on your other hand your
customer retention those are the kind of
two main areas of marketing
so the overall takeaway let me just zoom
out a little bit
is that um to optimize
the lowest overall blended cac which is
this
you need to understand how each channel
moves
people through the funnel you can't just
compare
one channel to another if they're doing
something that's completely different
so a rule of thumb this is what i've
seen at most
sort of e-commerce businesses that at
least
60 to 75 percent of marketing spend is
usually spent at the top of the funnel
and that last maybe 25 percent
is spent at the bottom of the funnel and
again you know it each business is going
to depend but
what i'm basically trying to show you is
that prospecting although it looks
expensive actually a lot of times lowers
your overall
customer acquisition cost for your
entire business
and gets you the optimal performance so
keep that in mind when you're optimizing
your business or building your
e-commerce team
okay so now that we have this cac right
20 23
you know 29 how do we know what is a
good cac
so this is where you need to start
looking at customer retention
so part two and this is short but i'm
going to just give you
an idea of how to start thinking about
this for your business or for a business
that you're looking at
so the core question is what is the
highest cac
where we can still make money on a
customer
so this whole discussion is around
customer retention customer lifetime
value
so the highest cac where you can still
make money
you can only answer that by analyzing
one metric and that's customer lifetime
value
so the customer lifetime value is the
total gross profit
that we expect to make from the lifetime
purchases
of the average customer so
example let's say our average customer
spends 185 dollars on an
order so that's the average order value
which is called the aov
and let's say our gross profit margin is
65 percent so the gross profit on our
first order
is that 185 dollars times 65 percent
so 120 dollars that's basically the
profit we make
on that order that comes back to the
company okay
can we run our business with a 150
dollar
customer acquisition cost can we spend
150
on this customer who on their first
order
we make 120 well we would be losing 30
on that first order right because we
spent 150 and we only made 120.
so can we run our business like this
there's absolutely no way to know the
answer to this question
without understanding the customer
lifetime value
so the customer lifetime value
calculation
is um relatively simple
um once you sort of see what we're after
so
let's say looking back historically at 3
000 customers
that let's say for the first time
purchased a couple years ago
we look back at all their data and we
see that the average customer
so of those 3 000 over their lifetime
purchased
2.7 times so
our customer lifetime revenue sorry
let's say 2.6 little typo
so our average customer lifetime revenue
is 2.6
times 185.
so that equals 481 in revenue
so our average customer lifetime value
again which is the gross profit
is that 481 the lifetime revenue times
the gross profit margin
so that's 313 dollars so that's what we
expect to make
on in profit on each customer so
if you know this information can we
spend 150
to acquire a brand new customer yeah
absolutely yes because we're going to
make over 300
over our lifetime with that customer
so we will lose money on the first order
but we'll make it back
and become profitable on their
subsequent orders
so once you understand this you can kind
of understand what is a reasonable cac
where can we go with our marketing and
you know how much can we really spend as
a business
on digital marketing
all right well i hope you learned a ton
in this video about how to understand
the most important kpis for digital
marketing
in real life situations by the way in
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