Noam Chomsky - The youth and the mass media's false reality and history
Summary
TLDRスクリプトでは、人々が無力感を感じる原因として、社会における絶望感や無力感が議論されています。多くの人々が政治に関与できると感じず、状況を変えられないと信じ込んでおり、これは効果的なプロパガンダとして機能していると述べています。しかし、過去の事例を通じて、人々は厳しい状況でも変えることができると示されており、特に1960年代の変化を通じて国が文明化されたと強調されています。また、権力は常に統治される人々の手にあるが、統治者たちが人々の考え方をコントロールすることで維持されていると指摘されています。
Takeaways
- 🤔 スクリプトでは若者たちが無力感や絶望感にとらわれていると述べていますが、実際には彼らは変えることができる力を持っていると主張しています。
- 🗳️ 投票に関する民調では、多くの人々が議会を完全に入れ替えることを望んでいると示されていますが、彼らが何もできないと感じています。
- 👥 人々は周囲の人々と意見を共有しないため、孤立していると感じることが多く、それにより無力感が強まります。
- 🌐 インターネット上の「99%と1%」という議論は、人々が自分が何もできないと感じる原因となっています。
- 🤯 911陰謀説のような陰謀論は、多くの人々が権力者たちが狂気に満ちているかもしれないと受け止めていることを示していますが、何も行動を起こさないままです。
- 📚 効果的な宣伝は、人々が何が起こっているかを見せつつ、彼らがそれに対抗できないと感じさせるものです。
- 👵 女性やブラジルの農民、ボリビアの原住民、南北戦争後の黒人のように、過去には人々が自分が変えられないと感じていた時代がありましたが、それを変える力を持っていると学び始めました。
- 🔍 1960年代のアメリカでは、若者が諦めずに闘い、社会を変える力を持っていることを証明しました。
- 😄 マッカーシズムのような圧政も、人々がそれを嘲笑することで崩れ落ちることができたと述べています。
- 🏛️ 権力は常に支配される人々の手にあると、18世紀の哲学者デイビッド・ハームは述べていますが、権力者は人々をその場に留める意見操作を行っています。
- 💡 過去の革命や社会の変革を見ると、人々がその無力感から抜け出し、変革を起こすことができました。
Q & A
なぜ多くの人々は無力感を感じるのか?
-多くの人々は、状況が無望であると思われているため、無力感を感じています。彼らは自分が何もできないと頭に刻まれており、権力者たちは彼らに自分の枠組みに収まるべきだと信じ込ませています。
アメリカの貧困層やブラジルの農民、ボルチモアの原住民、そして1960年代の南の黒人たちは、何を共有していると言えますか?
-彼らは全て、状況を変えられないと感じているという点を共有していますが、1960年代には多くの若者が諦めずに闘い、変化をもたらしました。
1960年代のアメリカではどのような変化が起きたと言えますか?
-1960年代のアメリカでは、若者が積極的に社会を変えるために闘い、人種差別や社会正義に関する議論が進み、国は1960年とは大きく異なった形に変わりました。
マッカーシー主義とは何で、なぜ人々を恐れさせていたのですか?
-マッカーシー主義は、アメリカ合衆国内での共産主義の拡大を防ぐための政治的迫害を指しており、人々を恐怖に陥れることで彼らを抑圧していました。
アビー・ホフマンはどのようにマッカーシー主義に対処したのですか?
-アビー・ホフマンは、マッカーシー主義を皮肉にすることでその権力構造を崩し、人々がそれを嘲笑することで権力が弱まらせる可能性を見せました。
デビッド・ハームはどのような政治理論を提唱しましたか?
-デビッド・ハームは、政治権力は常に統治される人々の手にあると主張し、権力者たちが人々を自分の位置に留めるよう説得することが重要だと述べています。
英国における国王と議会の間の対立はどのような結果を生み出しましたか?
-英国における国王と議会の間の対立は、議会による法律の支配を主張し、国王が法律に服する必要があると認めることにつながり、憲法的議会主義の基礎を築きました。
なぜ多くの人々は政治的な変化に関与しないと感じるのでしょうか?
-多くの人々は、自分たちが政治的な変化に関与できると感じない理由として、権力者たちからの効果的なプロパガンダを受けており、自分たちは何もできないと信じ込まれているからです。
若者が社会を変えるために何をすべきですか?
-若者は、過去の人々が困難な状況下で何をしてきたかを学び、自分たちも同じように行動し、社会を変える可能性があると信じることが必要です。
なぜ人々は権力者たちに対して屈することが多いのですか?
-人々が権力者たちに屈することが多いのは、権力者たちが意見と態度をコントロールし、人々が自分の枠組みに収まるべきだと信じ込ませることができるからです。
Outlines
😔 無力感と社会的不満
第1段落では、多くの人々が無力感と絶望感に支配されている現状について話されています。彼らは自分が何もできないと信じ込んでおり、権力者たちに対して何も変えられないと感じています。しかし、話者は若者たちに過去の人々が困難な状況下で何を成し遂げたかを振り返り、彼らにも同じように行動できると励ましています。また、1960年代のアメリカにおける変化を例に挙げ、人々が権力構造に挑戦し、変革をもたらすことができたと述べています。
👑 権力と統治の歴史
第2段落では、権力が常に統治される人々の手にあるとされるが、なぜ彼らは統治者を蹴落とさないのかという問題を提起しています。話者は、権力者が人々を自分の位置に留めるために意見と態度をコントロールするという秘訣を指摘しています。また、英国における国王と議会の間での権力闘争を例に、憲法主義の進歩と変革がどのように実現されたかについて説明しています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡無力感
💡希望
💡プロパガンダ
💡権力
💡貧しい
💡人種差別
💡女性差別
💡マッカーシズム
💡革命
💡若者
Highlights
The sense of hopelessness in the country is astonishing.
Over half the population thinks Congress should be replaced by neighbors.
Low approval of Congress with single digits reflects public disapproval.
The 911 movement appeals to a large part of the population.
People are willing to accept the possibility of being run by homicidal maniacs.
Effective propaganda makes people feel isolated and powerless.
Slavery could last forever due to lack of rebellion.
My grandmother's generation didn't recognize their oppression.
The transition from feeling powerless to believing change is possible is significant.
The 1960s significantly civilized the country.
McCarthyism intimidated people but was eventually ridiculed and collapsed.
Power structures are thin and can collapse with ridicule.
David Hume's paradox about power being in the hands of the governed.
Control of opinion and attitudes is key to maintaining power.
Significant changes in history occur when people break out of control.
The conflict between Parliament and King Charles I over the law.
The Magna Carta determined that the king is subject to the law.
Standing up against divine authority was a difficult breakthrough.
Transcripts
I think kids are ready for
they just have to pay attention the most
most people just don't
attention either because they think
Irene's hopeless I'm it's kind of driven
into your heads that everything is
hopeless there's nothing you can do the
powers are too great you know and in
fact the sense of hopelessness in the
country is astonishing so for example
you look at polls over half the
population thinks that Congress ought to
be totally thrown out and replaced by
your neighbors you know they'll do a
better job approval of Congress's and
single digits nobody thinks I can do
anything about it
it's like these peasants in Brazil you
know how can somebody like me do
anything about it
in fact some you take a look at some of
the you know then take say the 911
movement which is kind of interesting
not the content but just the phenomenon
you know the bush blew up World Trade
Center that kind of thing it appeals it
has a sympathy at least of I forget the
numbers I think it's about a third of
the population a huge part of the
population that means that a large part
of population is willing to accept the
possibility that we're run by a bunch of
homicidal maniacs or trying to murder us
all but they don't think they can do
anything about it
so I'll lift a finger to do anything
okay its way it is we'll kind of hide in
the corner wait till it happens but when
people are kind of what does the most
effective the kinds of propaganda are
the kinds that allow you to see what's
going on
so you see 99 percent 1 percent but to
feel I can't do anything about it I'm
now isolated alone I don't talk to
anybody people like me can't do anything
we're just we just have to suffer there
that's really effective propaganda oh
that's the way yeah that's how slavery
could last forever without many slaver
rebellions it's how women were oppressed
so like they say my grandmother's
raishin if my grandmother had been asked
if she's oppressed she would have even
known what you're talking about
that's life you know women her doormat
that's life you get to my mother's
generations still plenty of oppression
but and she was bitter about it but you
didn't think you could do anything about
it my time you get to today it's quite
different that's very much like the
peasants and Brazil or the indigenous
people in Bolivia or you know the blacks
and the South after the early days of
the civil rights movement yeah we can do
something about it
even if it's brutal and harsh we might
get killed we can do something yeah and
it's that that transition is very I
think when you get back to your question
for a lot of young people I think it's
you know it's called apathy but I
suspect it's more hopelessness
powerlessness and people can learn
you're not powerless just take a look at
what's been done take a look what other
people have done under much harsher
conditions than you'll ever face and
what's been done right here in your own
country you know the 60s really did
civilize the country and it's a very
different country from what it was in
1960 and it's just it's mainly young
people who just didn't give up and
didn't feel okay we can't do anything
actually sometimes it's kind of dramatic
like for years what's called McCarthyism
which did intimidate people tremendously
I remember I would lived through it and
people were just scared of it which they
couldn't do anything the house on
American Activities Committee if people
are cold they just trembled and fear
what do you do but in the 1960s that
people like Abbie Hoffman I started just
making fun of them and they collapsed
you know it's a very thin structure of
power I mean as soon as you submit it to
ridicule you dismiss it
it can collapse and this has been
understood for centuries so you go back
to say David Hume who was one of the
great founders of classical liberalism
and great philosopher but he wrote a
book that he called I think was called
the foundations of the theory of
government or something like that and in
it he poses a kind of a paradox he says
in every society whether it's you know
the feudal dictatorship military
dictatorship of parliament semi
parliamentary system like England
whatever it is he says power is always
in the hands of the governed those are
those are being ruled powers always in
their hands so how come they just don't
overthrow the rulers and take things for
themselves I says well the secret is as
always every societies control of
opinion and attitudes if you can
convince people if the powerful can
convince people you just you're you have
to stay in your slot that's where you
belong and that's that's your role in
life there's nothing to be changed and
then the rulers can control them now you
take a look at the history of you know
revolutions significant changes it's
when people broke out of it so not long
before him and he may have had this in
mind in England the century before there
was a major conflict between Parliament
the king the prominent is basically the
bourgeoisie and you know landowners and
so it wasn't the general population and
the question is is the king of over the
law King Charles and sista that he was
above the law the Parliament led by
jurists and others was saying a Magna
Carta determined that the king is
subject to the law to the to the that
time the nobles in the Parliament and it
was real major conflict about in fact
later led to him soon led
Civil War but the part of it stuck it
out and compelled the King to sign
something conceding that he was not
above the law he was but it was very
very at that time the king was regarded
as a representative of God and you
didn't fiddle around with God you know
that serious business
so the it was essentially standing up
against a kind of divine authority not
our society that meant something that
and breakthrough that was very difficult
but they did that led to constitutional
Parliament not you know to a
parliamentary monarchy which is
different from feudal monarchy
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)