Persebaran Flora dan Fauna di Indonesia | Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia |Upaya Pelestarian Kehati

Summary

Indonesia is a megabiodiversity hotspot, home to nearly 30% of the world’s species. Its rich flora and fauna are distributed unevenly across islands, with regions like Kalimantan hosting the highest plant diversity, and Sulawesi and Papua offering unique animal species. Conservation efforts include in-situ methods like national parks and ex-situ approaches such as zoos and botanical gardens. Reforestation, sustainable land management, and selective logging are crucial for preserving Indonesia's natural heritage. The video emphasizes the importance of protecting biodiversity to ensure a sustainable future for both the environment and humans.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia is considered a megabiodiverse country due to its high biodiversity, both in flora and fauna.
• 😀 Nearly 30% of the world's species are found in Indonesia, though their distribution is uneven across the islands.
• 😀 The flora in Indonesia is mainly categorized under the Malaysian region, with Kalimantan hosting the highest diversity of plant species.
• 😀 Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, and the Sunda Islands have relatively lower plant diversity compared to other parts of Indonesia.
• 😀 Indonesia's forests are primarily tropical rainforests, home to dense canopies and climbing plants like durian, mango, and rattan.
• 😀 Notable endemic plants include the Rafflesia arnoldii in West Sumatra and the black orchid in East Kalimantan.
• 😀 The distribution of fauna in Indonesia is divided into three main regions based on invisible boundaries known as Wallace's, Weber's, and Lydekker's lines.
• 😀 Wallace's line divides the fauna of western Indonesia (oriental region) from the eastern part (Australian region), creating distinct species differences.
• 😀 Indonesian fauna is categorized into three groups: Oriental (e.g., Sumatra, Java), Australian (e.g., Papua, surrounding islands), and Transitional (e.g., Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara).
• 😀 Efforts for conservation in Indonesia include in-situ (e.g., national parks, wildlife sanctuaries) and ex-situ (e.g., zoos, botanical gardens) preservation strategies.

Q & A

What makes Indonesia known for its high biodiversity?

Indonesia is known as a 'megabiodiversity' country because it has a high level of biodiversity, with nearly 30% of the world's species found there, both in its flora and fauna.

Where is the highest plant diversity found in Indonesia?

The highest plant diversity in Indonesia is found in Kalimantan, although other regions like Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, and the Sunda Islands have relatively lower plant diversity.

What type of forest is commonly found in Indonesia, and what characterizes it?

Indonesia's forests are often tropical rainforests, characterized by dense canopies and numerous climbing plants (lianas). Examples include durian, mango, sukun, and rattan trees.

What are some famous endemic plant species in Indonesia?

Some famous endemic plant species in Indonesia include the Rafflesia arnoldi in West Sumatra and the black orchid in East Kalimantan.

Who is Alfred Russel Wallace, and what is his contribution to understanding Indonesia's fauna?

Alfred Russel Wallace was an English zoologist who established two major regions for animal distribution in Indonesia, known as the Wallace Line. This line separates fauna found in the western part of Indonesia from those in the eastern regions.

How did Wallace’s line distinguish Indonesia's fauna?

Wallace's line distinguishes between the fauna of the western and eastern parts of Indonesia. It was observed that the fauna on the west side, such as in Bali, is different from that found in Lombok, despite the geographical proximity.

What is the difference between the 'Oriental' and 'Australian' regions in Wallace's classification?

The 'Oriental' region includes Sumatra, Java, Bali, Kalimantan, and Madura, while the 'Australian' region covers Sulawesi, Papua, and surrounding islands. The fauna in these regions shows distinct differences.

What is the significance of the Weber Line in the study of Indonesian fauna?

Maxwell Weber introduced the Weber Line, which separates the fauna of Sulawesi and the Maluku Islands from Papua. Sulawesi serves as a transition zone with animals that are a mix of both Oriental and Australian species.

What are the main types of fauna found in Indonesia, and where are they located?

Indonesia’s fauna is classified into three regions: the Oriental region (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Kalimantan), the Australian region (Papua and surrounding islands), and the transitional zone (Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara). Each region has distinct animal species.

What are the key conservation efforts being made to protect Indonesia's biodiversity?

Conservation efforts in Indonesia include in-situ conservation (protecting species in their natural habitats, such as national parks and wildlife reserves) and ex-situ conservation (preserving species outside their natural habitats, like in zoos and botanical gardens).

Can you give examples of specific protected areas for wildlife conservation in Indonesia?

Examples of protected areas in Indonesia include Ujung Kulon National Park (for endangered species like the Javan rhinoceros), Gunung Leuser National Park (home to various plants and animals), Komodo National Park (famous for Komodo dragons), and Tanjung Puting National Park (focused on orangutan rehabilitation).

How can individuals contribute to preserving Indonesia's biodiversity?

Individuals can contribute by supporting reforestation, maintaining green urban spaces, practicing sustainable land use, and ensuring proper forest management practices like selective logging and replanting.