Keanekaragaman Hayati di Indonesia

Summary

Biodiversity is crucial for life, acting as both an indicator of ecosystem health and a key factor in the development and stability of ecosystems. Indonesia, recognized as a megabiodiversity hotspot, boasts a rich variety of species due to its tropical climate, fertile soils, and geographic position between two young mountain ranges. The country's biodiversity includes 10% of the world’s plant species, 16% of herpetofauna, 12% of mammal species, and 17% of bird species. Notably, Indonesia is home to many endemic species, such as the Papuan bird of paradise and the Komodo dragon, making its natural heritage truly unique.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biodiversity is crucial for life and serves as an indicator of ecological health.
• 😀 Biodiversity helps to monitor changes in species and ecosystems.
• 😀 Biodiversity includes species richness and ecosystem complexity, impacting ecosystem development and stability.
• 😀 Indonesia is a megabiodiversity country, with its tropical climate supporting diverse flora and fauna.
• 😀 The tropical climate in Indonesia, located between 6°N and 11°S latitude, provides a suitable environment for rich biodiversity.
• 😀 Indonesia has an average temperature between 26°C and 28°C and receives high rainfall (700-750mm per year), contributing to fertile soil.
• 😀 The country is also rich in volcanic activity, which enriches the soil, particularly in Java and Sumatra.
• 😀 Indonesia's geographical location between two tectonic mountain series, the Pacific Circum and Mediterranean Circum, is a key factor in its biodiversity.
• 😀 Indonesia contains 10% of the world's plant species, 16% of herpetofauna species, 12% of mammal species, and 17% of bird species.
• 😀 Several species in Indonesia are endemic, including the Papuan bird of paradise, maleo bird, Komodo dragon, Sulawesi anoa, and Rafflesia arnoldii.

Q & A

What is the significance of biodiversity in an ecosystem?

Biodiversity plays a key role in indicating the health of an ecosystem. It helps determine changes in species, reflects the richness of species, and contributes to the complexity and stability of the ecosystem's organism community.

What makes Indonesia a megabiodiversity country?

Indonesia is considered a megabiodiversity country due to its tropical climate, which provides suitable habitats for a wide variety of flora and fauna. Its geography, rich soil, and abundant rainfall contribute to the country's high biodiversity.

What are the key climate characteristics of Indonesia?

Indonesia's tropical climate is characterized by average temperatures between 26°C to 28°C, high annual rainfall (700-750 mm), and fertile soil due to rapid weathering of parent rocks.

Why is Indonesia often referred to as the 'Ring of Fire' country?

Indonesia is called the 'Ring of Fire' because it is located between two tectonic mountain chains—the Pacific Circum and the Mediterranean Circum—causing frequent volcanic activity that contributes to the country's geological and biological richness.

How does volcanic activity in Indonesia impact its biodiversity?

Volcanic activity leads to the formation of fertile soils, particularly on the islands of Java and Sumatra. This promotes the growth of diverse plant and animal species, enhancing Indonesia's overall biodiversity.

What percentage of the world's plant species are found in Indonesia?

Indonesia is home to 10% of the world's plant species, which highlights its significant contribution to global biodiversity.

Which groups of animals have a large percentage of species in Indonesia?

Indonesia is home to 16% of the world's herpetofauna species, 12% of mammal species, and 17% of bird species, showcasing its rich animal diversity.

What does 'endemic species' mean, and can you provide examples from Indonesia?

'Endemic species' refers to species that are found only in a specific location and nowhere else in the world. Examples in Indonesia include the Papuan bird of paradise, the maleo bird in Sulawesi, the Komodo dragon in Komodo National Park, and the Sulawesi anoa.

How does Indonesia's geographical location influence its biodiversity?

Indonesia's location between 6° north and 11° south latitude places it within the tropics, where the favorable climate and diverse habitats support a wide range of plant and animal species.

What are the specific abiotic conditions in Indonesia that support high biodiversity?

Indonesia's varied abiotic conditions, including tropical climate, fertile soil, high rainfall, and volcanic activity, create an environment that supports a rich diversity of species.