Kebijakan awal orde baru
Summary
TLDRThis video provides a comprehensive overview of Indonesia’s New Order era, which spanned from 1967 to 1998. It highlights the transition from Sukarno's Guided Democracy to Suharto's authoritarian rule, triggered by the 30th September Movement and subsequent political crises. Suharto’s rise to power, starting in 1967, marked the beginning of significant domestic and foreign policy changes, including freezing diplomatic ties with China, rejoining the United Nations, and promoting economic stability through the Five-Year Development Plans. The video also explores the political strategies and policies that helped establish the New Order government, focusing on stability and development.
Takeaways
- 😀 The New Order (Orde Baru) era in Indonesia lasted from 1967 to 1998 under President Soeharto.
- 😀 Soeharto's leadership began in 1967 when he was appointed acting president and started implementing significant policies.
- 😀 Indonesia's foreign policy in the early New Order years included suspending diplomatic relations with China due to its involvement in the 30 September Movement of 1965.
- 😀 The New Order administration restored Indonesia's membership in the United Nations (PBB) after it had been suspended during the confrontation with Malaysia under Soekarno.
- 😀 Indonesia pursued an active non-aligned foreign policy, similar to Soekarno's, but with a shift towards closer relations with Western nations, led by the United States.
- 😀 The New Order emphasized good neighborly relations and played a key role in establishing the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
- 😀 Domestically, the New Order focused on eliminating the influence of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and its affiliates, which were considered a major cause of the 1965 coup.
- 😀 Soeharto's administration launched significant economic policies, including the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) aimed at stabilizing Indonesia's economy.
- 😀 The government also began political reforms, with Soeharto becoming president in 1968 through the People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS), despite not being elected through a general election.
- 😀 The 1971 elections saw a shift in political parties, with Golongan Karya (Functional Group) emerging as the dominant political force, marking a move away from a multiparty system.
Q & A
What was the main event that led to the establishment of the Orde Baru in Indonesia?
-The Orde Baru (New Order) was established following the G30S/PKI incident in 1965, which caused a political and economic crisis in Indonesia, leading to a power vacuum that allowed Soeharto to rise to power.
What was the significance of the Supersemar (March 11 Order)?
-The Supersemar was a presidential decree issued in 1966, giving Soeharto the authority to restore order in Indonesia, effectively solidifying his control over the government and marking the beginning of the New Order period.
How did Soeharto's rise to power differ from a regular election process?
-Soeharto was appointed as the acting president in 1967 by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) and was not directly elected. His rise was a result of the Supersemar and the political instability caused by the previous regime.
What was Indonesia’s foreign policy stance during the early years of the Orde Baru?
-During the early years of the Orde Baru, Indonesia pursued a 'free and active' foreign policy, which was similar to Soekarno’s approach but with a shift towards aligning with Western powers, particularly the United States, and distancing itself from communist countries.
What role did China play in the political events leading up to the New Order?
-China was involved in supporting the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) during the 1965 G30S/PKI incident, and its influence was one of the reasons the Orde Baru government decided to sever diplomatic ties with China in 1967.
What was Indonesia’s stance on the United Nations during Soekarno's rule, and how did this change under Soeharto?
-Under Soekarno, Indonesia withdrew from the United Nations in protest against its policies during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation. However, under Soeharto, Indonesia rejoined the United Nations, signaling a shift towards international cooperation.
What was the significance of the formation of ASEAN during the Orde Baru period?
-The formation of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) was an important step in promoting regional cooperation and peace in Southeast Asia. Indonesia played a leading role in its creation as part of its foreign policy strategy.
What were the key features of Soeharto's economic policies during the early years of the Orde Baru?
-Soeharto's economic policies focused on stabilizing Indonesia’s economy, which had been in crisis. Key initiatives included agricultural development, the introduction of the Five-Year Development Plans (Repelita), and attracting foreign investment to stimulate economic growth.
How did Soeharto address communism and leftist ideologies during the Orde Baru?
-Soeharto's regime took strong measures to eliminate communism and leftist ideologies by banning the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and associated organizations, in response to the role they played in the 1965 G30S/PKI incident.
What was the political landscape like in Indonesia after the 1971 election?
-The 1971 election marked a shift towards a more controlled political environment. Golkar, a government-backed political organization, became dominant, and the political landscape became more centralized with fewer political parties and opposition groups.
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