Realismo no Brasil | Literatura

Summary

This video explores the Realism literary movement, which emerged in mid-19th century France as a reaction against Romanticism. It emphasizes objective representation of reality, social critique, and psychological depth in characters. Highlighting significant works like Gustave Flaubert's *Madame Bovary*, the video also discusses its arrival in Brazil around 1881, shaped by historical changes like the abolition of slavery. Key Brazilian authors, including Machado de Assis and Raul Pompéia, are featured, showcasing how Realism transformed literature by focusing on the lives and flaws of ordinary people, challenging societal norms.

Takeaways

• 📖 Realism emerged in the mid-19th century in France as a response to Romanticism, focusing on objective portrayals of reality.
• 📚 The movement's defining work is Gustave Flaubert's *Madame Bovary*, published in 1857.
• 🌍 Realism aimed to depict everyday life, addressing social issues, urban experiences, and the struggles of common people.
• 🔍 Authors used detailed descriptions and a straightforward language to reflect the complexities of society.
• 💔 Common themes included poverty, corruption, social inequality, and critiques of bourgeois values and institutions like marriage.
• 🧠 Realist writers explored the psychological depth of their characters, presenting them as flawed and relatable rather than idealized.
• 🇧🇷 In Brazil, Realism began around 1881, coinciding with significant historical events such as the abolition of slavery and the establishment of the Republic.
• 🖊️ Machado de Assis is a key figure in Brazilian Realism, known for *Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas*, which offers a unique narrative perspective through a deceased protagonist.
• 👥 Other notable Brazilian authors include Raul Pompéia and José de Alencar, contributing significantly to the movement with their critical social commentary.
• 🔗 Realism transformed literature by prioritizing authentic representations of life and laying the groundwork for modern literary techniques.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the Realism literary movement?

The main focus of the Realism movement is to depict reality as objectively as possible, contrasting with the idealized and subjective nature of Romanticism.

Which novel is considered the starting point of the Realism movement?

The novel *Madame Bovary* by Gustave Flaubert, published in 1857, is considered the starting point of the Realism movement.

How does Realism approach the portrayal of characters?

Realism portrays characters as common individuals with flaws and weaknesses, rather than idealized figures, aiming to reflect true human experience.

What societal issues did Realism often address in literature?

Realism often addressed societal issues such as poverty, corruption, social inequalities, and the everyday struggles of the working class.

What was the context in which Realism emerged in Brazil?

Realism in Brazil emerged around 1881 during significant historical events, including the abolition of slavery and the proclamation of the Republic.

Who is the most prominent figure of Brazilian Realism?

Machado de Assis is the most prominent figure of Brazilian Realism, known for his influential works like *Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas*.

What is the significance of *Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas* in the Realism movement?

This novel is significant for its innovative narrative perspective, as it is narrated by a deceased character, offering a critical view of society and human nature.

What literary techniques are commonly used in Realism?

Common literary techniques in Realism include detailed descriptions, psychological depth in character development, and a focus on everyday life and social critique.

How did Realism differ from Romanticism in its themes?

Realism differed from Romanticism by avoiding idealization and subjective emotions, instead focusing on realistic and often harsh depictions of life and society.

Can you name another important author associated with Brazilian Realism?

Another important author associated with Brazilian Realism is Raul Pompéia, known for his work *O Ateneu*, which reflects his social ideals and critiques.