How to Choose the Best Aperture
Summary
TLDR本视频由旅行摄影师Sean主讲,深入探讨了光圈这一摄影基础概念。Sean解释了光圈如何控制进光量,并重点讨论了光圈对景深的影响,通过实际拍摄不同光圈值的照片,展示了从极大光圈(f/1.4)到极小光圈(f/16)的视觉差异。他还分享了在选择光圈时应考虑的曝光和景深因素,并给出了拍摄人像和风景时的光圈建议。视频内容丰富实用,旨在帮助摄影爱好者通过理解光圈来提升拍摄技巧。
Takeaways
- 📷 光圈是摄影中最基本的设置之一,与快门速度和ISO一起构成了相机的三个主要设置。
- 🌞 光圈本质上是镜头中的一个小孔,通过开合来控制进入相机的光线量。
- 🔢 光圈用数字表示(也称为f-stop),数字越小,光圈孔径越大,允许进入的光线越多。
- 🎨 光圈的创意效果在于控制图像的景深,即图像中清晰区域的范围。
- 🍃 使用较大的光圈(如f/1.4, f/1.8, f/2.8)可以创造出浅景深效果,使背景更加模糊。
- 🏞 使用较小的光圈(如f/8, f/11, f/16)可以获得更深的景深,使整个画面更加清晰。
- 📸 在选择光圈时,需要考虑曝光和创意效果,根据拍摄环境和主题选择合适的光圈值。
- 🤔 拍摄人像时,通常选择中等光圈值(如f/2.8)以保持足够的景深,避免过度模糊。
- 🏔 拍摄风景时,如果场景中没有前景或中景,即使使用大光圈(如f/1.4)也能获得清晰的照片。
- 📐 理解不同光圈设置对场景的影响,最好的方法是实际拍摄并比较不同光圈下的照片。
- ☕️ 拍摄时应根据光线条件和所需的景深效果灵活调整光圈,以获得理想的曝光和创意效果。
- 📚 随着拍摄经验的增加,摄影师会更好地理解不同光圈设置下景深的变化,以及如何运用它们来创造艺术效果。
Q & A
光圈是什么?
-光圈是摄影中最基本的三个相机设置之一,它本质上是镜头中的一个小孔,通过打开这个小孔来让光线进入相机。光圈的大小决定了进入相机的光线量,光圈越大(数值越小),进入的光线越多;光圈越小(数值越大),进入的光线越少。
光圈如何影响照片的曝光?
-光圈直接影响照片的曝光量。光圈越大,进入相机的光线越多,照片会更亮;光圈越小,进入相机的光线越少,照片会更暗。因此,在暗环境中拍摄时,使用较大的光圈可以帮助相机获得足够的光线,而在光线充足的情况下,可以使用较小的光圈来控制曝光。
光圈与景深有什么关系?
-光圈大小直接影响照片的景深,即图像中清晰区域的范围。使用大光圈(小f数值)时,景深较浅,背景和前景会出现模糊,这样可以更好地突出主体;使用小光圈(大f数值)时,景深较深,图像中的大部分内容都会变得清晰。
如何选择合适的光圈来拍摄?
-选择合适的光圈需要考虑两个主要因素:曝光和景深。首先,根据拍摄环境的光线条件调整光圈大小以确保正确曝光。其次,根据想要的创意效果选择光圈,如果想要背景模糊,突出主体,可以选择大光圈;如果想要图像整体清晰,则选择小光圈。
为什么光圈优先模式受到推荐?
-光圈优先模式允许摄影师直接控制光圈大小,而相机自动调整快门速度以获得正确的曝光。这种模式可以帮助摄影师更好地控制景深和创意效果,同时简化了拍摄过程,不需要过多关注曝光的复杂计算。
在拍摄人像时,为什么通常选择使用较大的光圈?
-在拍摄人像时,使用较大的光圈可以创造出浅景深效果,这样可以将主体与背景分离,使背景模糊,从而更好地突出人物。但是,过大的光圈可能会导致景深过浅,使得人物的某些部分(如鼻子)失焦,因此摄影师通常会选择一个适中的大光圈,如f/2.8,以确保人物整体清晰。
在拍摄风景时,是否总是需要使用最小的光圈?
-并非总是如此。使用最小的光圈可以获取最深的景深,确保前景、中景和背景都清晰。但这适用于前景、中景和背景之间距离较大的情况。如果拍摄的风景照片中没有前景或中景,背景也相对接近,那么即使使用较大的光圈(如f/1.4),也可以获得清晰的照片,而不需要过深的景深。
拍摄食物时,为什么不应该使用过大的光圈?
-拍摄食物时使用过大的光圈会导致景深过浅,可能只有食物的一小部分(如一块食物的角落)在焦点上,而其他部分则会变得模糊。为了确保整个食物的细节都能清晰展现,应该选择较小的光圈,以获得更深的景深。
拍摄时如何根据光圈调整曝光?
-在暗环境中拍摄时,应该使用较大的光圈来允许更多的光线进入相机,以确保曝光充足。在光线充足的情况下,可以适当减小光圈来控制曝光量。此外,摄影师还需要根据拍摄的具体场景和所需的景深效果来灵活调整光圈大小。
光圈大小对背景模糊(即散景或‘bokeh’)有什么影响?
-使用大光圈时,景深较浅,背景会更加模糊,散景效果更明显,这有助于突出主体。相反,使用小光圈时,背景会更加清晰,散景效果减少。因此,通过调整光圈大小,摄影师可以控制背景的模糊程度和散景效果。
在拍摄过程中,如何理解并运用景深?
-景深是指在照片中看起来清晰的区域范围。理解景深的关键在于认识到光圈大小、镜头焦距、拍摄距离等因素如何影响景深。通过实践和经验积累,摄影师可以学会如何根据所需的创意效果来选择合适的光圈大小,控制景深,从而在照片中获得理想的清晰区域和模糊区域。
Outlines
📸 摄影基础:了解光圈
本段落介绍了光圈作为摄影中最基本的概念之一,解释了光圈是什么、它的作用以及如何选择合适的光圈。光圈是相机设置中的三个主要部分之一,与快门速度和ISO一起控制曝光。光圈实际上就是镜头中的一个小孔,通过改变孔的大小来控制进光量。此外,还讨论了光圈对照片创意效果的影响,尤其是对景深的控制。通过改变光圈大小,可以改变照片中焦点的范围,从而实现不同的艺术效果。
🌾 实践教学:不同光圈下的拍摄效果
在这一段中,视频制作者通过实际拍摄不同光圈下的照片,展示了它们对景深的具体影响。通过比较从f/1.4到f/16的一系列照片,观众可以直观地看到光圈大小如何影响图像的焦点范围和背景模糊程度。此外,还提供了关于如何根据拍摄环境和创作意图选择合适的光圈的实用建议,例如在暗环境中使用较大的光圈以获取更多光线,以及如何根据拍摄主题和场景选择合适的光圈来控制景深。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡光圈
💡景深
💡曝光
💡光圈优先模式
💡快门速度
💡ISO
💡创意效果
💡旅行摄影
💡肖像摄影
💡风景摄影
Highlights
光圈是摄影中最基本的元素之一。
光圈是相机上的三个主要设置之一,包括快门速度、光圈和ISO。
光圈本质上是镜头中的一个小孔,用于允许光线进入。
光圈用数字表示,也称为F-stop,如f 1.4、f 1.8、f 5.6、f 22等。数字越大,孔越小;数字越小,孔越大。
光圈对曝光的影响很简单:大光圈允许更多光线进入相机,小光圈则相反。
光圈的创意效果在于控制图像的景深,即图像中清晰区域的范围。
使用大光圈(如f 1.4、f 1.8、f 2.8)可以实现浅景深效果,使图像中只有一小部分区域聚焦。
使用小光圈(如f 8、f11、f16、f22)可以在整个画面中获得更均匀的聚焦效果。
在拍摄时,应根据所需的景深和曝光条件选择合适的光圈。
拍摄人像时,推荐使用如f 2.8的大光圈,以实现背景虚化效果。
拍摄风景时,如果场景包含前景、中景和背景,应使用小光圈以确保整个画面的聚焦。
不同的镜头支持不同的最小光圈,有些镜头支持到f 22,有些到f 16。
拍摄时应考虑光线条件,避免在暗环境中使用小光圈,以确保足够的曝光。
通过实践和经验,摄影师可以更好地理解和掌握不同光圈下的景深效果。
选择光圈时,应考虑画面中希望聚焦的部分,以及光圈所带来的景深。
不同光圈设置的实践拍摄和比较,是理解光圈如何影响画面的最佳方式。
拍摄食物时不宜使用大光圈,以免过度模糊;拍摄人像时避免使用过小的光圈,以免失去背景虚化效果。
Transcripts
[Music]
hey guys what's up and welcome back to
the channel so we are here in bali
indonesia
i swear it was sunny about 10 minutes
ago and then the clouds have rolled in
and it doesn't look great but i still
want to take some time to talk today
about aperture aperture is one of the
most fundamental pieces of photography
and i've been trying to get back to some
of the more fundamentals here on the
youtube channel so today in this video
we're going to be talking about aperture
what it is what it does
and also how you guys can choose the
best aperture where you're out shooting
for those of you that are new here
what's up my name is sean i'm a travel
photographer and i produce weekly videos
that teach you how to become a better
photographer so if you're new here
what's up we're happy to have you here
and if you guys are interested in
becoming
better photographers feel free to
subscribe also if you guys haven't
downloaded it yet i'm giving away a free
orange and teal preset pack the link to
that is in the description
okay with that out of the way let's talk
about aperture what is
aperture aperture is one of the three
main settings on your camera right there
shutter speed
aperture and iso an aperture is
essentially a little iris in your lens
it's the little hole in your lens that
opens up to let in light
the smaller that hole is the less light
is going to enter the camera
the larger that hole is the more light
is going to enter the camera so
that's pretty self-explanatory right uh
aperture is denoted by
a number so also known as an f-stop that
might be f 1.4
f 1.8 f 5.6 f
22 and essentially the bigger the number
the smaller the hole is going to be
the smaller the number the wider the
hole is going to be so for example like
f 1.4 is going to be
wide open there's a lot of light is
going to be able to enter the camera
whereas like f 22
is going to be a really small hole and
not a lot of light is going to enter the
camera
so from an exposure perspective from a
perspective of how much light is
entering the camera
aperture is pretty darn easy to
understand it's pretty simple but what
makes aperture so interesting and what
makes it so important to photography
yes it's the exposure side but more
importantly it's the creative side
the artistic effect that aperture brings
to our photos
and that's what i want to focus on in
this video today so the creative effect
of
aperture is its ability to control the
depth of field in our image
if you don't know what that means the
depth of field essentially is the range
of distance
that is in focus within your image if
that doesn't make any sense to you you
can always understand it as
how much blur is there going to be
behind your main subject essentially
it's just
how much of your frame is in focus and
how much of your frame
is blurry or what we might call bokeh we
can achieve
a shallower depth of field where only a
very small part of the image is in focus
by using a
wider aperture so a smaller number
aperture like f 1.4
f 1.8 f 2.8 um and even f 4 in certain
situations
and then if you want to get more uniform
frame throughout your focus you would
use a
a smaller aperture or a larger number
like uh f8 f11 f16 or f22
those are good if you really want to
have a super deep depth of field in your
image so i can sit out here and talk
about this all day long but that's not
why i came out here i came out here to
show you guys
what these different apertures look like
because i think that's the best way to
really understand aperture
is just take a bunch of photos of all
the different apertures and compare them
so i actually did take some photos
before everything got really
ugly out here but i'm still going to
take some more so you guys can see and
i'll just show you
the better looking photos because they
just look terrible right now because
it's just super gray
and not interesting at all so let's head
over to this cool little subject over
here i'm going to show you guys
what all these different apertures look
like
okay so we are here we are in a rice
paddy because
bali is full of these beautiful rice
terraces rice paddies
and this one is hasn't been harvested
yet so it's really pretty
and there's this little um shrine i
guess you would call it
i'm not sure exactly what you'd call it
but they have some little prayer things
here
for the gods bali is hindu so there's a
lot of gods
and they like to honor them with these
things so it's really cool really pretty
out here
um so i'm gonna take some photos of this
thing i think it's a good example to
show you guys all the different
apertures
um and now this is a sony a6400 with a
35 millimeter f 1.4
lens on it so it has a really nice wide
maximum aperture of f 1.4
i'm going to shoot all the way from f
1.4 all the way to f 16 which is the
s the smallest aperture that this camera
is capable of
some lenses will do f 22 some lenses
will do f 16
this one does f 16. also to note i'm
going to be shooting an aperture
priority
i don't want to spend too much time
focusing on the exposure side of
aperture i think it's pretty simple
i'm going to be shooting an aperture
priority and if you guys have seen my
other videos
you know how much i love aperture
priority you can check this video out up
here and that's going to explain to you
why i always recommend shooting an
aperture priority
and why i actually think manual mode is
kind of a waste of time so i'm actually
going to step back here because
i don't need to be that close i'm just
gonna take a bunch of different photos
we'll start off here
with f 1.4
all right we'll go to f2 oh we'll go to
f 2.8
might be more of a difference there
all right all right we'll go to that
this is
f4 here
and we're doing f 5.6
[Music]
we'll do f 8.
all right do f11
and we'll do f16 so we got them all
so when we look at all these images next
to each other it's really easy for us to
see the difference between apertures
that are
really wide like f 1.4 and apertures
that are really small like
f22 and i think this exercise is a
really good way
to see how aperture is going to affect
your scene
so you can see that apertures like f16
there's a lot more depth of field in
your image there's going to be a lot
more focus throughout your frame so not
only was our subject here in focus
but more of the background was in focus
as well we could see
more of the houses in the back we could
see more detail on the grass behind the
main subject
whereas at f 1.4 a lot of the grass was
out of focus
the houses were much more out of focus
and we just had a much
shallower depth of field so when it
comes to choosing your aperture where
you guys are out shooting
there's two considerations you should
make the first of those being exposure
considerations
if you're shooting an aperture priority
you don't need to pay attention to
exposure
so much because the camera is going to
be doing most of the work but just don't
shoot with an aperture like
f 22 when you're in a dark room there's
just not going to be enough light
getting into the camera
so if you're shooting in a dark and
darker environment try to use a wider
aperture
to make sure that the camera has enough
light to take a good exposure
after you guys have locked in your
exposure the second consideration is
just gonna be
what do you want your depth of field to
be and this is really gonna come with
experience the more you guys will shoot
the more you're gonna know what kind of
depth of field you're gonna want
in your images and the more you're gonna
understand your lenses and the
capability
that your camera has at all those
different apertures for example i always
like to shoot my portraits at something
like f 2.8 even though my lenses go all
the way down to f
1.4 and the reason for that is because
if i'm shooting at something like f 1.4
the depth of field is so so shallow at
that aperture
that maybe the eye is in focus but then
the nose is out of focus
so shooting at f 1.4 just wouldn't be
practical in those situations and on the
flip side of that
if i'm shooting a landscape i think a
lot of people always think oh if you're
shooting a landscape you should be
shooting
with a really really small aperture
and that is the case if you're going to
have a foreground a mid-ground
and a background because the distance
between the first subject that's in
focus
and the background is really really far
so you're gonna have to use a really
small aperture
but if you're shooting a landscape and
there's no foreground
there's minimal mid ground and there's
just a background the depth of field
doesn't need to be deep because there is
no deep depth of field in the shot in
and of itself so you can shoot
and get a really sharp photo at f 1.4 so
when you're choosing your aperture
just pay attention to how much of the
frame that you really want in focus
and be aware of the depth of field that
your aperture is going to give you so
don't try to shoot food with an aperture
of f 1.4
because it's just going to be way too
blurry on the contrary
don't shoot portraits at f 22 because
everything is going to be in crazy focus
and you're not going to be isolating
your subject from the background and
that just doesn't look very good
but that is about it guys i hope this
was helpful for you i hope looking at
all those different images was helpful
for you
i know that when i was learning
photography i like to see the
differences between
all the different apertures all the
different shutter speeds etc so if you
guys like this video please let me know
in the comments down below
and also i'd love to hear from you oh do
you like to shoot wide open are you
often shooting at
1.4 1.8 2.0 or or do you like
more sharpness throughout your frame do
you like to shoot at smaller apertures
like
uh f8 or f11 or f16 let me know in the
comments down below i would love to hear
those
and also if you guys are new here once
again please subscribe i'm dropping
videos every single friday
all of which are going to help you
become a better photographer so we'd
love to have you as part of the family
but it is miserable out here it's gonna
rain so we're gonna get the hell out of
here
we're gonna get some coffee or something
just get out of this rice field so we're
not trapped here
um but i'll see you guys next week so
once again i hope you enjoyed the video
and i'll see you again next friday
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