INDONESIA MENUJU MASA ORDE BARU | Sejarah Indonesia

Summary

This video delves into the history of Indonesia during the New Order era (1967-1998), examining key events that led to the regime's rise. It discusses the transition of power from President Soekarno to President Soeharto without an election, focusing on events like the G30S PKI, the Tritura demands, Supersemar, and the eventual dual leadership crisis. The video also touches on Indonesia's political, economic, and social crises during the late years of Soekarno's rule, which set the stage for Soeharto's ascent to power and the establishment of the New Order.

Takeaways

• 🇮🇩 The video discusses Indonesian history during the New Order era, which lasted from 1967 to 1998.
• 🕵️‍♂️ The transition from President Soekarno to President Soeharto did not occur through an election, but was marked by significant political shifts.
• 🔴 The birth of the New Order was influenced by events such as the G30S PKI coup attempt, the Supersemar decree, and the dualism of national leadership.
• 🗓️ The G30S PKI event on September 30, 1965, was a pivotal moment that led to political instability and a decline in trust in President Soekarno's government.
• 🛑 The political crisis was compounded by economic and social crises, with high inflation and scarcity of basic goods leading to widespread poverty and hunger.
• 🏗️ Despite the economic hardships, the government pursued grand projects like the Monas and Gelora Bung Karno stadium, further angering the populace.
• 📢 The formation of the Pancasila Front on October 26, 1965, represented a collective demand for the dissolution of the PKI and a more just handling of the G30S PKI incident.
• 🚫 The issuance of the Supersemar decree effectively marked the beginning of the New Order era, as it granted Soeharto authority to restore political and government stability.
• 🏆 Soeharto's popularity grew as he took actions in line with the people's demands, such as disbanding the PKI and addressing economic issues.
• 🌐 The dualism of leadership led to political conflict and societal division, with supporters of both Soekarno and Soeharto causing tension within the nation.
• 🏆 Soeharto's eventual rise to power, following Soekarno's resignation, marked the official start of the New Order period in Indonesia.

Q & A

What events led to the rise of the New Order era in Indonesia?

The rise of the New Order era was driven by a series of events, including the G30S PKI incident, political instability during Sukarno's presidency, and widespread economic and social crises. Key events included the assassination of military leaders by the PKI, demands from students and the public for reforms, and the issuance of the Supersemar letter, which handed power to Suharto.

What was the G30S PKI event, and why was it significant?

The G30S PKI event refers to the attempted coup on September 30, 1965, by the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). In this incident, seven high-ranking military officers were assassinated. This event led to widespread anti-communist sentiment and was a key factor in the decline of Sukarno’s leadership and the eventual rise of Suharto.

What role did the Supersemar letter play in Indonesia's political transition?

The Supersemar letter, issued on March 11, 1966, gave Suharto the authority to take necessary measures to restore order and government stability. It marked a pivotal moment in Indonesia’s political transition, effectively transferring power from Sukarno to Suharto and signaling the beginning of the New Order.

Why did public trust in President Sukarno decline after the G30S PKI incident?

Public trust in President Sukarno declined due to his failure to address the public’s demands for the disbandment of the PKI, his support for controversial policies, and his inability to resolve the economic crisis. The PKI's role in the G30S PKI incident further damaged his reputation.

What was the Tritura, and what demands did it include?

The Tritura, or 'Three People's Demands,' was a set of demands presented by student and civil groups in response to the G30S PKI incident. It called for the disbandment of the PKI, the removal of G30S PKI sympathizers from the cabinet, and the reduction of soaring prices.

How did the Indonesian economy contribute to the rise of the New Order?

During the late Sukarno era, Indonesia experienced severe economic issues, including hyperinflation of up to 600%, scarcity of basic goods, and widespread poverty. These economic hardships, combined with political instability, fueled public dissatisfaction and created conditions favorable for the rise of the New Order under Suharto.

Who were the revolution heroes mentioned in the script, and what happened to them?

The revolution heroes were seven high-ranking military officers assassinated during the G30S PKI event. They were Letjen Ahmad Yani, Mayjen R. Soeprapto, Mayjen Harjono, Brigjen Soetojo, Brigjen D.I. Panjaitan, Mayjen S. Parman, and Lettu P.A. Tendean. Their deaths played a key role in the backlash against the PKI and the rise of Suharto.

What was Sukarno's response to the Tritura and the public demonstrations?

Sukarno responded to the Tritura by restructuring his cabinet, known as the 'Cabinet of 100 Ministers,' but he did not fully meet the public's demands, especially regarding the disbandment of the PKI. His reluctance to act decisively led to further political instability and loss of public confidence.

What were the key outcomes of the issuance of Supersemar?

The key outcomes of the Supersemar were Suharto’s immediate decision to disband the PKI and his consolidation of power. The letter gave Suharto legal authority to suppress communist activities, leading to the eventual decline of Sukarno’s influence and the beginning of the New Order.

What was the significance of Sukarno’s 'Nawaksara' speech, and how was it received?

Sukarno's 'Nawaksara' speech, delivered in June 1966, was intended as his explanation for handling the G30S PKI event and the political crisis. However, it was rejected by the MPRS, further diminishing his standing and contributing to the dual leadership situation between him and Suharto.