NALAR Ep. 47 APA ITU SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (TUJUAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN)?

Summary

The video discusses the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It highlights key differences, such as the shift from a top-down approach in MDGs to a more inclusive, stakeholder-centered approach in SDGs. The speaker, drawing from personal experience as a negotiator, details the challenges and debates during the formulation of SDGs, focusing on goals like gender equality, climate change, and peace. The video emphasizes the complexities of global cooperation and the differing priorities among countries. It concludes with the importance of sustainable development and the journey towards achieving SDGs.

Takeaways

• 🌍 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) are the continuation of MDGs (Millennium Development Goals), which ran from 2000 to 2015.
• 🔄 MDGs had a top-down approach, whereas SDGs are more stakeholder-centered, ensuring all parties are involved in the development process.
• 💼 Civil society organizations play a critical role in achieving SDGs, alongside both rich and poor countries collaborating.
• 🤝 One key distinction of SDGs from MDGs is the emphasis on partnerships and global coalitions for development.
• 💰 SDGs highlight a funding revolution and the importance of data to ensure accountability in development implementation.
• 🏛️ Indonesia played a significant role in the High-Level Panel (HLP) that contributed to the creation of SDGs, which included extensive consultations with civil society and businesses.
• ⚖️ The SDGs adopt five core principles: Leave No One Behind, Put Sustainable Development at the Core, Transform Economies for Inclusive Growth, Build Peace and Accountable Institutions, and Forge a New Global Partnership.
• 🌱 The SDGs negotiation process involved complex dynamics between developed and developing countries, particularly around issues of sustainable growth and responsibility for past environmental damage.
• 🎯 Specific SDGs such as Gender Equality, Inequality, Climate Change, Peaceful Societies, and Means of Implementation were contentious and involved intense negotiations.
• 🇺🇳 The SDGs emerged from multiple negotiation tracks, including contributions from various UN bodies, multilateral organizations, and external actors, reflecting diverse global interests and challenges.

Q & A

What is the key difference between MDGs and SDGs in terms of approach?

The key difference lies in the approach: MDGs had a 'top-down' approach, whereas SDGs follow a 'stakeholder-centered' approach, ensuring that all parties involved in development are included rather than simply receiving directives from the top.

How did civil society organizations contribute to the formulation of the SDGs?

Civil society organizations played a key role in achieving SDGs by participating in consultations and contributing ideas, which made the goals more inclusive and representative of diverse global communities.

What were some of the criticisms of MDGs that led to the creation of SDGs?

Although MDGs were considered successful overall, there were criticisms regarding how development processes were managed, particularly in terms of commitment and achievement. These shortcomings prompted the shift to SDGs, which aim for a more inclusive, collaborative, and accountable framework.

What is the principle of 'Leave No One Behind' in the SDGs?

The principle of 'Leave No One Behind' emphasizes the need to eradicate poverty while ensuring that no individual is excluded based on their gender, ethnicity, religion, or disability. It is a key principle of SDGs to ensure inclusivity in global development.

Why was the integration of 'peace and good governance' a contentious issue during SDG negotiations?

The integration of 'peace and security' alongside 'good governance' was contentious because some developing countries viewed it as an opportunity for developed nations to interfere with their sovereignty under the guise of promoting peace and security.

What role did Indonesia play in the formulation of the SDGs?

Indonesia played a prominent role in the formulation of SDGs, serving as a co-chair of the High-Level Panel (HLP) alongside the UK and Liberia. Indonesia contributed to drafting key reports and negotiating the post-2015 development agenda.

How did the negotiation process for SDGs differ between developed and developing countries?

Developed countries generally supported the concept of sustainable development, seeing it as beneficial. In contrast, many developing countries were initially hesitant, viewing sustainable development as a potential limitation on their economic growth. Both sides engaged in a 'blame game,' with developed countries blaming overpopulation in poorer nations and developing countries pointing to historical environmental damage caused by richer countries.

What were some of the main thematic focuses for different countries during SDG negotiations?

Different countries had varied focuses during SDG negotiations. For example, India focused on poverty and clean water, Brazil on deforestation and poverty, sub-Saharan African nations on water and justice, while developed countries like the EU and the US emphasized security, energy, and climate change.

What are the five principles established by the High-Level Panel for SDGs?

The five principles established by the High-Level Panel are: 1) Leave No One Behind, 2) Put Sustainable Development at the Core, 3) Transform Economies for Jobs and Inclusive Growth, 4) Build Peace and Effective, Open, and Accountable Public Institutions, and 5) Forge A New Global Partnership.

How did external factors, such as protests, influence the SDG negotiations?

During the SDG negotiations, external factors like public protests influenced the atmosphere outside the UN buildings. Demonstrations on various issues, including women's rights and social justice, were ongoing as delegates negotiated inside, adding public pressure and awareness to the process.