Naming Esters - Organic Chemistry IUPAC Naming by Leah4sci
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Laya from Live for Sicom explains the process of naming esters in organic chemistry. She clarifies the structure of esters, differentiating them from carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ethers. The video demonstrates how to derive ester names from carboxylic acids and alcohols, emphasizing the importance of the carbonyl group's position. Examples are provided to illustrate the naming process, including handling of substituents and multiple functional groups. The video is part of a series aiding students in organic chemistry, with resources for further learning and tutoring mentioned.
Takeaways
- 🧪 Ester molecules have an R group attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to an oxygen.
- 🔍 Ester groups can be distinguished from carboxylic acids and aldehydes by their molecular structure.
- 📚 Naming esters is based on the parent carboxylic acid, with the suffix '-oic acid' replaced by '-oate'.
- 🔑 The ester's R' group (methyl group) is named as a prefix to the parent chain name.
- 🔢 The numbering of the parent chain is done to give the carbonyl carbon the lowest number.
- 🔄 In cases where the ester has substituents, they are named with prefixes like 'methyl' or 'ethyl'.
- 📈 Multiple ester groups in a molecule require the prefix 'di-', indicating two ester groups.
- 🌿 When the parent chain is a benzene ring, the ester is named as 'benzoate', retaining the parent name.
- 📚 The priority of functional groups determines the name; esters typically take precedence over aldehydes.
- 📘 The video offers additional resources for learning organic chemistry, including an ebook and online tutoring.
Q & A
What is an ester in the context of organic chemistry?
-An ester is a molecule that contains an R group attached to an acyl or carbonyl group (a carbon double bonded to oxygen), which is then attached to a single oxygen, and another R group (R') that can be the same or different from the original R group.
How is an ester different from a carboxylic acid or an aldehyde?
-An ester is different from a carboxylic acid, which has a C=O double bond and a single bond to OH, and an aldehyde, which has a C=O double bond and a single bond to H. An ester specifically has an R group and an acyl group attached to an oxygen.
Can you explain the process of forming an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?
-To form an ester, you remove the -OH group (hydroxyl group) from the carboxylic acid and the hydrogen from the -OH group of the alcohol, then join the two molecules together.
What is the naming convention for esters?
-Esters are named as if they are carboxylic acids, with the suffix '-oic acid' replaced by '-oate'. Any substituents on the ester group are indicated with prefixes.
How do you name an ester with a methyl group attached to the oxygen?
-You prefix the name with 'methyl' to indicate the methyl group attached to the oxygen, and then follow the naming convention for the rest of the ester.
What is the name of an ester derived from a four-carbon parent chain and an ethyl substituent?
-The ester would be named 'ethyl butanoate', following the naming convention where 'butanoic' comes from the four-carbon parent chain and 'ethyl' is the prefix for the two-carbon substituent.
How do you handle multiple ester groups in a single molecule?
-When there are multiple ester groups, you add the prefix 'di-' for two esters, and the suffix '-oate' becomes '-di-oate'. The substituents are named individually with prefixes.
What is the difference between a benzyl and a phenyl substituent?
-A benzyl substituent is a benzene ring with an additional CH2 group, while a phenyl substituent is just the benzene ring itself.
How is an ester with a benzene ring named?
-The ester is named by retaining the parent name of the benzene ring ('benzoate') and then adding the substituent name and the ester suffix.
What is the final name of an ester with a three-carbon parent chain and two methyl substituents on the ester group?
-The ester would be named 'dimethyl propanedioate', indicating two methyl substituents on a three-carbon parent chain with two ester groups.
What is the significance of the number one being understood and not included in the name of an ester?
-In ester nomenclature, the number one is understood to be the position of the terminal functional group, so it is not explicitly stated in the name.
Outlines
🧪 Understanding and Naming Esters
This paragraph explains what esters are and how to name them in organic chemistry. An ester is characterized by an R group attached to an acyl or carbonyl group, which is a carbon double bonded to oxygen, and another R group (R'). The paragraph clarifies that esters should not be confused with carboxylic acids, aldehydes, or ethers. It describes the process of forming an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, emphasizing the importance of naming esters as carboxylic acid derivatives. The naming convention involves treating the ester as if it were a carboxylic acid, with the ending '-oic acid' replaced by '-oate'. Examples are given to illustrate the process, including how to handle different parent chains, substituents, and the use of prefixes like 'methyl' and 'ethyl'. The paragraph also addresses the situation where the carbonyl group is not on the longest chain, and how to handle multiple ester groups in a molecule.
📚 Advanced Ester Nomenclature
The second paragraph delves into more complex scenarios of ester nomenclature, such as when multiple functional groups are present or when there are multiple esters in a molecule. It explains that the ester group typically takes the highest priority in naming. An example is given where an aldehyde group, being of lower priority, is demoted to a substituent. The paragraph also addresses the特殊情况 of esters derived from benzene rings, explaining the retention of the parent name 'benzoate' and the distinction between 'benzyl' and 'phenyl' substituents. The video script concludes with a call to action for viewers to download an ebook, seek tutoring, and engage with the content by subscribing and sharing the video.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ester
💡R group
💡Carbonyl group
💡Acyl group
💡Carboxylic acid
💡Alcohol
💡Nomenclature
💡Substituent
💡Functional group
💡Parent chain
💡Prefix
Highlights
Ester is a molecule with an R group attached to an acyl or carbonyl group.
R' group in an ester can be the same or different from the original R group.
Esters should not be confused with carboxylic acids or aldehydes.
Esters can also be represented as RCOOR' or RCO2R'.
Esters are carboxylic acid derivatives and can be formed from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
When naming an ester, treat it as if it's a carboxylic acid.
The ester group coming off of the oxygen is treated as a prefix.
The number one is understood and does not have to be included in the ester name.
Ester substituents may sometimes be abbreviated.
When naming an ester, mark the parent chain as the one holding the carbonyl.
In cases with multiple functional groups, the ester typically takes the highest priority.
When there are more than one ester in a molecule, add the prefix 'di'.
The parent chain with three carbons and two esters implies functional groups at carbon number one and three.
The parent name is retained when naming the ester, even if it appears to be a benzene ring.
The substituent coming off the ester in a benzene ring is called a phenyl substituent.
The final name of an ester derived from a benzene ring is phenyl benzoate.
Download the ebook '10 secrets to acing organic chemistry' for more information.
For online tutoring, visit the provided link.
Subscribe to the channel for more related videos on organic chemistry.
Transcripts
laya here from live for sicom and in
this video i will show you how to name
esters an ester is a molecule that has
an R group which represents your parent
chain attached to an acyl or carbonyl
group which is a carbon double bound to
an oxygen attached to a single oxygen
and then another R group represented as
R prime our prime can be the same or
different from your original R don't
confuse an ester with a molecule that
has our C double bond o single bound o H
which is a carboxylic acid or with a
molecule that has an R C double bond o
single bound H which is an aldehyde nor
with an R single bound o bound to R
prime which is an ether an ester can
also be written as RC o o R or our co2
are an ester is a carboxylic acid
derivative that means it can be formed
from a carboxylic acid and therefore the
name will also be related if we look at
a carboxylic acid and place it next to
an alcohol which I'm writing is H o R if
we remove the OEM the carboxyl viii from
the alcohol and bring the two pieces
together we form our ester therefore
when naming an ester you name it as if
it's a carboxylic acid which has the
ending Oh a Cassidy replace a acid with
a te we'll start with a simple
comparison each parent chain has two
carbons where the carbonyl is the
highest priority for the first group we
have a first name of F and the last name
of aimed for only single bonds since
it's a carboxylic acid we get the ending
Olek acid since omec acid begins in a
vowel i draft the e inane for a final
name of ethanoic acid for my ester i
treated the same way however i have to
take into account the methyl group
coming off of the oxygen this becomes a
prefix to the entire name and so I
simply put methyl as its own word since
the parent has two carbons I get a first
name F only single bonds gives me a last
name of N and in place of a wick acid
I use the ending oh wait just like in a
carboxylic acid the number one is
understood and does not have to be
included and since oh it starts in a
vowel I drop the e inane for a final
name of methyl F a no 8
the methyl of the ester is separate from
the parent name which is a fan o eight
let's try another example
we'll start by identifying and
highlighting our parent chain and
numbering so that the carbonyl gets the
lowest number I have a total of four for
a first name of Bute only single bonds
in the parent chain for a last name of a
my only substituent comes off of the
oxygen and has two carbons for a prefix
of ethyl and the ester functional group
gives me a last name of oh wait I drop
the e and Ain for a final name of ethyl
butanoic your ester substituents may
sometimes be abbreviated in this case
the Emmy stands for methyl you may also
see et for ethyl or PR for propyl to
name this molecule we identify and
highlight the parent chain giving the
carbonyl the lowest priority 3 carbons
gives me a first name of proq only
single bonds gives me a last name of aim
I have a methyl substituent on both the
ester group and on the parent chain and
I have to name them individually the
Emmy substituent gives me a prefix of
methyl since it is not directly attached
to the parent chain while the one carbon
substituent on carbon 2 gives me the
prefix of 2 methyl since this is an
ester I get the N linked Oh 8 in putting
this name together the ester substituent
precedes the name followed by the parent
chain ordered according to the puzzle
pieces and don't forget to drop the e
since oh it begins in a vowel this gives
me a final name of methyl to methyl
propane o 8
we're naming your Esther be sure you
mark the parent chain as the one holding
the carbonyl in these two examples I
have a three carbon chain and then a two
carbon chain
however the carbonyl groups are on
opposite sides and therefore my parent
chain x' will actually be different for
the first example I have a three carbon
parent chain with a 2 carbon ester
substituent while in the second example
I have a two carbon parent chain with a
three carbon ester substituent in the
first example 3 carbons gives me a first
name of proq only single bonds gives me
a last name of aim an ethyl substituent
on the ester gives me the prefix ethyl
and the ending is oh wait for the second
example I have a first name of F a last
name of aim but a 3 carbon substituent
off the ester for a prefix propyl and of
course the ending oh wait
this gives the first molecule a final
name of ethyl propionate and the second
molecule purple ethanoate when you have
multiple functional groups the ester
typically takes highest priority in this
example the ester is higher priority and
so a number from the right for a total
of 6 carbons and a first name of hex
only single bonds gives me a last name
of aim ET on the ester gives me a prefix
of ethyl and the ester functional group
gives me a last name of oh wait since
the aldehyde is a lower priority group
it gets demoted from the functional
group ending in a L to a substituent
with a prefix Aqsa this gives me 6 ox o
for a final name of ethyl 6 ox o hexa no
8 when you have more than one ester in
your molecule you treat it the same way
but add the prefix die in this example I
have 3 carbons in my parent chain for a
first name of proq only single bonds
gives me a last name of a since both
esters have a methyl substituent i get
the prefix dimethyl and since i have two
esters i get the ending die oh wait i
don't drop the e' and aim since the
d-ind io 8 separates the two vowels
putting the name together I get dimethyl
propane die oh wait notice that I didn't
include a number for the first or the
last ester given that these are
understood to be terminal functional
groups a parent chain with three carbons
and two esters implies carbon number one
and carbon 3 both have to contain the
functional group we'll end this section
with an interesting example notice that
the parent chain appears to be a benzene
ring with a single carbon coming off of
it the carboxyl version of this molecule
is benzene with a carboxylic acid
substituents which is named benzoic acid
the parent name is retained when naming
the ester giving me a parent name of
benzoate that's because I dropped the
ick acid and replace it with oh it's the
substituent coming off the ester appears
to be a benzyl group as well however
when you have just a benzene without an
extra ch2 this is called a phenyl
substituent which gives me a final name
of phenyl benzoate join me in the next
video we'll recap naming primary
secondary and tertiary amines are you
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