Types of Diffusion [AP Human Geography Review Unit 3 Topic 4]
Summary
TLDRThis Mr. Sin Channel video delves into the concept of diffusion in geography, explaining how cultural elements spread from one place to another. It differentiates between relocation diffusion, where people physically move, and expansion diffusion, which sees the trait spread to more people. The video further breaks down expansion diffusion into hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion, using examples like the Amish migration and McDonald's menu adaptations. It also discusses barriers to diffusion, such as cultural, political, and economic factors, and how technology has reduced physical barriers.
Takeaways
- 🌐 Diffusion is the process of spreading cultural elements, items, groups of people, or phenomena from one place to another.
- 🏠 The origin of a cultural element is known as the 'hearth', and diffusion can be categorized into relocation and expansion diffusion.
- 🚶♂️ Relocation diffusion occurs when a culture or group physically moves from one place to another, often leading to the hearth shrinking or dying off.
- 🌱 Expansion diffusion involves the spread of a cultural trait with an increase in the number of people adopting it, keeping the hearth strong.
- 📈 Hierarchical diffusion is a type of expansion diffusion where cultural traits spread from a central point, often top-down, like fashion trends or social media influencers.
- 🔄 Reverse hierarchical diffusion is when a cultural trait starts in a small community and spreads to larger ones, opposite to the usual top-down approach.
- 🌀 Contagious diffusion is characterized by the rapid spread of a cultural trait with little to no barriers, similar to how a viral video or meme spreads.
- 🔄 Stimulus diffusion involves the adaptation of a cultural trait as it spreads to different environments or cultures, such as McDonald's menu changes in different countries.
- 🚧 Barriers to diffusion can include cultural, political, geographic, and economic factors that restrict the spread of cultural traits.
- 🌐 Technological advancements have reduced the impact of physical barriers on diffusion, making it easier to connect with people worldwide.
Q & A
What is diffusion in the context of geography?
-Diffusion is the spread of a cultural element, item, group of people, or phenomenon from one place to another.
What is the origin of a cultural element or group of people known as?
-The origin of a cultural element or group of people is known as the 'hearth'.
How does relocation diffusion differ from expansion diffusion?
-Relocation diffusion involves the physical movement of a culture or group of people without new individuals taking on the trait, whereas expansion diffusion sees the addition of more people practicing or taking on the cultural trait.
What is an example of relocation diffusion mentioned in the script?
-The Amish people, who originated in Europe and migrated to the United States around the 1700s to escape persecution, is an example of relocation diffusion.
What are the different types of expansion diffusion?
-The different types of expansion diffusion are hierarchical diffusion, contagious diffusion, and stimulus diffusion.
How does hierarchical diffusion typically occur?
-Hierarchical diffusion often happens through systems, typically from some sort of power, often spreading from a top-down approach.
What is reverse hierarchical diffusion?
-Reverse hierarchical diffusion occurs when a trait starts in a smaller community and spreads to a larger community.
What is contagious diffusion and how does it differ from hierarchical diffusion?
-Contagious diffusion has little to no barriers, allowing the trait to expand away from the hearth in all directions, unlike hierarchical diffusion which spreads through a system of structures.
What is stimulus diffusion and how does it differ from other types of diffusion?
-Stimulus diffusion involves the trait changing as it diffuses, but the underlying concept of the trait remains the same.
What factors can prevent or slow down diffusion?
-Cultural barriers, political barriers, geographic barriers, and economic barriers can prevent or slow down diffusion.
How has technology impacted the barriers to diffusion?
-Technological advancements have made physical barriers less of an obstacle for diffusion due to the internet, cheaper cell phones, and computers, making it easier to connect with people around the world.
What is the role of the 'hearth' in the process of diffusion?
-The 'hearth' is the origin point of a cultural element or group of people. It often remains strong in expansion diffusion but can weaken and potentially die off in relocation diffusion as more people leave.
Outlines
🌐 Understanding Diffusion in Cultural Geography
This paragraph introduces the concept of diffusion, which is the spread of cultural elements, people, or phenomena from one location to another. It explains that diffusion can be categorized into two types: relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion. Relocation diffusion occurs when a culture or group physically moves, often leading to a weakened original hearth area. Expansion diffusion sees an increase in the number of people adopting the cultural trait as it spreads from the hearth. Expansion diffusion is further divided into hierarchical diffusion, which spreads from a central authority or influential source to others, and contagious diffusion, which spreads quickly and without barriers. The paragraph also introduces stimulus diffusion, where the trait changes as it spreads to fit the local environment or culture.
🚧 Barriers to Diffusion
The second paragraph delves into the factors that can impede diffusion, such as cultural, political, geographic, and economic barriers. It highlights how language barriers can restrict the spread of ideas and how certain religious or cultural beliefs can slow down the adoption of specific traits. The paragraph also notes that technological advancements have reduced the impact of physical barriers, making it easier to connect globally. However, political, economic, and cultural barriers remain significant obstacles to diffusion. The video script concludes with an invitation for viewers to practice what they've learned by answering questions and to consider subscribing for more educational content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Diffusion
💡Hearth
💡Relocation Diffusion
💡Expansion Diffusion
💡Hierarchical Diffusion
💡Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion
💡Contagious Diffusion
💡Stimulus Diffusion
💡Cultural Barriers
💡Political, Economic, and Geographic Barriers
💡Technological Advancements
Highlights
Diffusion is the spread of a cultural element, item, group of people, or phenomenon from one place to another.
The origin of a cultural element is known as the heart.
Diffusion occurs as people interact, move, or participate in the global economy.
Diffusion can be categorized into relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion.
Relocation diffusion happens when a culture or group physically moves.
Expansion diffusion sees the addition of more people practicing the cultural trait.
Hierarchical diffusion often spreads from a top-down approach.
Reverse hierarchical diffusion starts in a smaller community and expands to a larger one.
Contagious diffusion has little to no barriers and spreads quickly in all directions.
Stimulus diffusion involves the trait changing as it diffuses.
Cultural barriers can prevent diffusion, such as language or religious restrictions.
Political, geographic, and economic barriers can also restrict diffusion.
Technological advancements have reduced the impact of physical barriers on diffusion.
The biggest obstacles to diffusion are now political, economic, and cultural barriers.
The Amish are an example of relocation diffusion, migrating from Europe to the United States.
Fashion trends and social media influencers exemplify hierarchical diffusion.
McDonald's menu and store layout changes represent stimulus diffusion.
Transcripts
hello there geographers and welcome back
to the Mr sin Channel today we are going
to be reviewing everything you need to
know about diffusion as always if you
find Value in this video consider
subscribing and check out my other AP
Human Geography resources in the
description down below diffusion is the
spread of a cultural element item group
of people or phenomenon from one place
to another to start we have to look at
the origin of a cultural element group
of people or item which is known as the
heart over time as people interact with
other people move to different areas or
participate in the global economy we see
diffusion occur diffusion can be broken
down into two broad categories
relocation diffusion and expansion
diffusion relocation diffusion happens
when a culture or group of people
physically moves from one place to
another this type of diffusion does not
involve new individuals taking on the
trait that is being spread the number of
people participating in this culture or
believing in a certain idea stays the
same since diffusion is happening due to
migration we will often see the Hearth
start to shrink and possibly die off
this is because the Hearth becomes
weakened as more people leave the Hearth
and relocate to the new place an example
of relocation diffusion would be the
Amish who originated in Europe but began
to migrate to the United States around
the 1700s to escape persecution
originally settling around Pennsylvania
the Amish eventually started to migrate
West in order to find cheaper land and
avoid urban sprawl and the influence of
modern culture now expansion diffusion
on the other hand does does see the
addition of more people practicing or
taking on the cultural trait here the
Hearth often remains strong as the
cultural trait group of people or items
expand outwards from the heart when
trying to remember the difference
between relocation and expansion
diffusion just think about the numbers
if we are seeing the same number of
people practicing the culture as
diffusion happens it's most likely going
to be relocation diffusion but if we are
seeing more people practicing the
culture as diffusion happens causing the
amount of people to increase it's most
likely expansion diffusion now expansion
diffusion can be broken down into
different types of diffusion the first
type of expansion diffusion is
hierarchical diffusion this type of
diffusion often happens through systems
typically from some sort of power
oftentimes the trait will spread from a
top- down approach for example fashion
trends often start in global cities and
diffuse to other major areas and
eventually make its way down to the
smaller settlements or we could also
look at how news and ideas and products
can fused through social media
influencers for example games like
fortnite Among Us Fall Guys Apex or war
zone became popular after major social
media influencers started playing them
when a major content creator started
playing a game Their audience would see
how much fun the game was and start to
play it as well eventually they would
talk to their friends and get them to
join in and the game would spread
through Society now sometimes we can see
hierarchical diffusion go from a smaller
Community to a larger Community Instead
This is known as reverse hierarchical
diffusion an example of reverse
hierarchical diffusion could be a small
business starting off in a small town
over time as it grew it expands
throughout the region and eventually
makes its way into a large urban city
notice this is different than our
fashion example which started off in the
large urban area and worked its way down
one other thing to remember too when
talking about hierarchical diffusion is
that the trait is only spreading to
certain individuals in a society the
diffusion happens through a system of
structures and does not spread to
everyone at once if the diffusion of the
trait does not go through a system of
structures and spreads quickly and
everywhere it is much more likely that
it's an example of contagious diffusion
which is our next type of expansion
diffusion this type of diffusion has
little to no barriers which allow the
trait to expand away from the Hearth in
all directions when thinking about this
diffusion think about a viral video or
meme before you know it everyone has
seen it or is talking about it if you
need help remembering contagious
diffusion just think about someone
making a cup of coffee peeling an orange
or lighting a strong smelling candle at
first only the people near the Hearth of
the smell can smell the coffee candle or
orange but before you know it the smell
will have diffused through the entire
room and everyone will be able to smell
it the last type of expansion diffusion
is stimulus diffusion and this one is a
little bit different here the trait is
changing as it diffuses now it's
important to note that the underlying
concept of the trait is staying the same
what happens is as diffusion occurs we
see the trait take on different aspects
of the environment or culture it is
diffusing too for example if you look at
McDonald's around the world you will
notice that the menu changes for almost
every country each store often also has
its own unique store layout and exterior
to better fit in with the surrounding
place the concept of the McDonald's is
the same but different elements of it
have changed in order to account for the
different people and cultures where the
store is located so we can see that as
diffusion occurs McDonald's adapts and
changes some of its traits but it still
is McDonald's at the end of the day as
you can see diffusion can occur in a
variety of different ways but what would
stop something from diffusing well
diffusion could be prevented due to
cultural barriers for example if there's
a language barrier between two places it
will be more difficult to spread an idea
between the two places or if the
religion or culture rejects certain
traits or does not approve of certain
traits there may be more restrictions to
those traits causing them to diffuse
slower for example the access to
contraceptives may be restricted in a
community that is more religious and
does not approve of that we can also see
political barriers Geographic barriers
or even economic barriers restrict
diffusion such as migration which would
reduce individuals from different places
interacting with one another one thing
to note that due to technological
advancements physical barriers are
becoming less and less of an obstacle
for diffusion thanks to the internet
cheaper cell phones and computers it's
easier than ever to connect with people
around the world in fact today the
biggest obstacles to diffusion are often
now political economic and cultural
barriers so that's diffusion now comes
the time to practice what we've learned
answer the questions on the screen and
when you're done you can check your
answers in the description of this video
or in the comment section down below as
always don't forget to hit that
subscribe button if you found value in
the video and check out my ultimate
review package for more help with your
studies the packet covers everything you
need to know for AP human geography and
it's a great resource that can help you
get an A in your class and a five on
that National exam as always I'm Mr sin
thank you so much for watching and I'll
see you next time on line
Посмотреть больше похожих видео
IPS Kelas 9 - Perubahan Sosial Budaya
Transport in Cells: Diffusion and Osmosis | Cells | Biology | FuseSchool
What is Diffusion? How Does it Work? What Factors Affect it? #7
Passive transport | membrane transport lecture
Cell transport- Passive and Active Transport
Cell Membrane Transport (Passive & Active) Diffusion, Osmosis, Hydrostatic Oncotic Pressure Colloid
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)