Why Reactive Power is Necessary ? | The Best Explanation | What is Reactive Power ?
Summary
TLDRThis educational YouTube video from 'Build the Basics' explores the role of reactive power in electrical systems. It clarifies misconceptions about reactive power being useless, emphasizing its necessity for creating magnetic and electric fields essential for the operation of motors, transformers, and other equipment. The video explains that while reactive power does contribute to energy losses in transmission lines, it is crucial for the functionality of many electrical devices. It also discusses the importance of reactive power compensation to balance consumption and production, thereby reducing line losses and improving voltage profiles in power systems.
Takeaways
- 🔌 There are three components of power: active power, reactive power, and apparent power, forming a power triangle.
- 💡 Active power is the actual power consumed by the load and is considered useful, while reactive power is often misunderstood as useless.
- 🏭 Power transmission involves losses due to line resistance and additional currents caused by the reactive nature of transmission lines.
- 🔋 Reactive power is essential for creating magnetic fields and electric fields, which are necessary for the operation of many electrical devices.
- 🏗️ Equipment like motors and transformers rely on reactive power to function properly, as it helps in establishing magnetic fields and inducing voltage.
- 🔧 Reactive loads can be either inductive, like motors and transformers, or capacitive, like capacitors and line capacitance.
- 🌐 Reactive power is not useless; it is necessary for the proper functioning of electrical systems and equipment.
- ⚙️ Reactive power compensation is crucial to balance reactive power consumption and production in a power system.
- 🔄 Reactive power control helps reduce losses and voltage drop in transmission lines by generating reactive power at the point of need.
- 📈 Shunt inductors and capacitors are used to manage voltage profiles and minimize effects like the Ferranti effect in power transmission.
Q & A
What are the three components of power?
-The three components of power are active power, reactive power, and apparent power. They form a power triangle together.
What is active power?
-Active power is the actual power consumed by the load and is considered the useful power.
What is reactive power?
-Reactive power is the power that is associated with the reactive nature of the transmission lines and does not directly contribute to the work done by the load.
What is the role of reactive power in power transmission?
-Reactive power causes additional current flow in the transmission lines, which can lead to increased losses and voltage drop.
Why is reactive power necessary in electrical systems?
-Reactive power is necessary to produce magnetic fields and electric fields, which are essential for the operation of many electrical machines and equipment such as motors and transformers.
What are the two types of loads in electrical systems?
-The two types of loads are resistive loads, which consume electrical energy, and reactive loads, which store and feed back electrical energy.
What are some examples of resistive loads?
-Examples of resistive loads include heaters, lightbulbs, and most domestic appliances like fans, heaters, or refrigerators.
What are the two types of reactive loads?
-The two types of reactive loads are inductive loads, such as motors and transformers, and capacitive loads, like capacitors and line capacitance.
Why is reactive power control important in power systems?
-Reactive power control is important to balance the reactive power consumption and production in the power system, which helps reduce losses and voltage drop in transmission lines.
How can reactive power be compensated in power systems?
-Reactive power can be compensated by generating reactive power at the places of its requirement using capacitors or synchronous machines, thus avoiding its transmission through lines.
What is the Ferranti effect and how is it related to reactive power?
-The Ferranti effect is a phenomenon where the receiving end voltage of a transmission line increases, particularly in lightly loaded conditions. Reactive power control using shunt inductors or capacitors can be used to minimize the Ferranti effect and improve voltage profiles.
Outlines
🔌 Understanding Reactive Power
This paragraph introduces the concept of reactive power and its role in electrical systems. It explains that reactive power, along with active power, forms the total apparent power. The presenter clarifies that while active power is the actual power consumed, reactive power is often misunderstood as useless. The script sets the stage for a deeper discussion on reactive power by highlighting its importance in power transmission and distribution. It mentions that power losses occur due to line resistance and that reactive power contributes to additional losses and voltage drop. The paragraph ends with an invitation to learn more about reactive power and an encouragement to subscribe to the YouTube channel for further insights.
🌐 The Utility of Reactive Power
In this paragraph, the speaker asserts that reactive power is not useless but is, in fact, essential for various electrical phenomena, such as the creation of magnetic and electric fields. It is highlighted that most electrical equipment, including generators, transformers, and motors, relies on reactive power to function properly. The paragraph explains that reactive power is necessary for establishing magnetic fields that are crucial for the operation of these devices. Additionally, it touches on the use of capacitors to compensate for reactive power and control voltage in the power system. The speaker concludes by emphasizing the importance of reactive power compensation to balance consumption and production, thereby reducing losses and voltage drop in transmission lines. The video ends with a call to action for viewers to subscribe for more educational content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Active Power
💡Reactive Power
💡Apparent Power
💡Power Triangle
💡I²R Losses
💡Resistive Loads
💡Reactive Loads
💡Inductive Load
💡Capacitive Load
💡Reactive Power Compensation
Highlights
Reactive power is not useless; it is essential for electrical energy consumption.
Active power is the actual power consumed by the load, while reactive power is often misunderstood.
Power transmission involves losses due to line resistance and reactive power currents.
Reactive power is necessary for the creation of magnetic fields in electrical equipment.
Generators and transformers rely on reactive power to function properly.
Motors require reactive power to establish and maintain a rotating magnetic field.
Transformers need reactive power to induce voltage in their secondary coils.
Reactive power is produced by lightly loaded transmission lines and synchronous machines.
Capacitors store electrical energy and help compensate for reactive power.
Reactive power control is used to reduce line losses and voltage drop.
Shunt inductors and capacitors are used to manage voltage profiles in the power system.
Reactive power is crucial for the operation of most power system equipment and consumer loads.
Reactive power compensation balances consumption and production in the power system.
Generating reactive power at the point of requirement avoids unnecessary transmission losses.
Reactive power is fundamental for electromagnetic induction in machines and equipment.
Understanding reactive power is key to optimizing power system performance.
Transcripts
you
[Music]
dear students welcome to build the
basics YouTube channel today let me
answer this basic question whether
reactive power is useful or useless
power let's go into the details
we all have learnt from the books that
there are three components of power so
number one is active power and reactive
power and together they form apparent
power so and they if they form a power
triangle together so we also have been
told that the active power is these the
actual power consumed by the load and it
is only the useful power and the rest of
the power is useless so but in this
video I want to highlight whether the
other component of the power that is the
reactive power is really useless or not
now let's talk about basics of power
transmission as you know the generating
stations generate electric power and
this power is transmitted to load
centers using transmission lines and to
the customers through power distribution
network so in this process the power
generated by the generating station is
not fully consumed by the loads because
there is some power loss resulted in the
transmission and distribution networks
mainly due to the line internal
resistance and also the current flowing
through the transmission lines so this
is called as I square R losses actually
you cannot avoid this current flow due
to the power demand in the load centers
because current is required in the load
centers but the problem is on top of the
normal current there will be some
additional currents due to the reactive
nature of the transmission lines and
this this additional there therefore the
additional loss also saw also results so
this will further increase the losses in
the transmission lines and also voltage
drop across the line basically this is
the drawback of additional current due
to the reactive power
then what is the advantage of reactive
power can't we avoid is current in the
transmission lines due to reactive power
the answers to these questions are
explained in this video first of all
don't forget to subscribe to build the
basics YouTube channel and click on the
bell button towards such interesting
videos in the future we need to learn
some basics first before getting into
the details of reactive power there are
basically two types of loads so they are
resistive load and reactive loads so the
resistive loads consumes electrical
energy the examples of resistive loads
are the heaters lightbulbs and also most
domestic appliances like fans or heaters
or refrigerators but under load because
if they're if they are under load or
fully loaded then they're predominantly
resistive remember under no load
condition the situation is different
we will which I will explain later the
second type of load is reactive loads
the reactive loads or they store
electrical energy temporarily and they
feed it back to the source so they
basically they don't consume any
electrical energy so reactive loads are
two types first one is inductive type
and the capacitor type examples of
reactive loads are motor on low load or
no load condition because it mainly acts
like a reactive load it consumes
reactive power and also transformers and
also react reactors in the substations
and line inductance of transmission
lines also line capacitance of the the
other type of reactor load is capacitive
that then line capacitance of the
transmission line and compensation
capacitors of the power system and
Composition converters also also
reactive loads so remember both react
react reactive and resistive loads draw
current when constant voltage or current
is applied but in real world every load
is mix of resistive and reactive loads
you cannot find only this to load our
only reactive loads they are always
combination of these two now coming back
to the basic question whether reactive
power is useful power are useless power
my answer is the reactive power is is
really useful for word it is not useless
in fact it is very useful and essential
in our daily electrical energy
consumption process reactive power is
needed to produce two important
electrical phenomena called as magnetic
field and electric fields so if you if
you see most of our machines and
equipment work on electromagnetic
induction principle in generators and
transformers the voltages induced due to
magnetic fields and in motors torque is
produced due to magnetic fields
therefore most of the equipment consumed
the reactive power the motor needs to
establish and maintain rotating magnetic
field to rotate the rotor thereby
driving the mechanical motion the rotor
magnetic field of the motor is
established by taking reactive power
from the source
similarly the transformer also needs
reactive power to generate magnetic
field in the primary coil of the
transformer and induce voltage in the
secondary coil
therefore if the reactive power supply
is not adequate the motor will not
rotate and transformer will not
transform voltages and most of the
passive filters do not work in the power
system so now let's talk about other
equipment that produce reactive power
the reactive power is produced by
lightly loaded transmission lines
because they are capacitive nature or
synchronous machines or static
capacitors etc they
Kelly capacitors store electrical energy
in the form of electric field so we use
reactive power again one reactive power
again is another reactive power because
to compensate lacking reactive power or
reactive power consumed by the inductive
nature of the load we use capacitors to
composite that reactive power because
capacitors basically produce reactive
power so by by controlling this reactive
power we can also control the voltage in
the power system for example we use the
shunt inductors to minimize the voltage
rise due to Ferranti effect you know
Ferranti effect and epoch basically the
receiving end voltage of the
transmission line will increase due to
the lightly low in particularly in
lightly loaded condition so to
compensate the minimizer Ferranti effect
we use shunt inductors to minimize the
voltage voltage rise and also we use
sometimes shunt capacitors to improve
the voltage profile at the load centers
therefore without reactive power most of
the power system equipment and consumer
loads will not work so reactive power
the conclusion is reactive power is very
useful in power system however there is
a need for reactive power compensation
in the power system to balance the
reactive power consumption and
production so so instead of transmitting
the reactive power from generating
stations to the load centers because it
results in additional losses and voltage
drop what you can do is generate
reactive power at the places of its
requirement so this avoids transmitting
through the lines and this is called as
reactive power control so this reactive
power control basically helps in
reducing the losses in the lines due to
the additional current flowing through
the lines and also voltage drop as I
mentioned before so thank you very much
and this is about reactive power
I hope the V the video is helpful for
you to understand the basics of reactive
power so subscribe to will build the
basics YouTube channel and
wait for more videos in future thank you
you
[Music]
you
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