Introduction to Chemistry - The 10 Commandments of Chemistry

Summary

In this educational video, Medicosa introduces a General Chemistry review series aimed at simplifying complex concepts. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding graphs, tackling chemistry problems methodically, and grasping the concept of entropy. It covers the fundamentals of matter, energy, and the significance of the periodic table in everyday life. Medicosa encourages active learning, advising viewers to watch videos daily, engage with the content, and maintain a 'booboo notebook' for mistakes. The series promises to demystify chemistry, making it accessible and practical.

Takeaways

• 📚 The video introduces a General Chemistry quick review playlist, aiming to simplify complex chemistry concepts into clear, concise lessons.
• 📊 Emphasis is placed on understanding how to read graphs, including recognizing the x-axis, y-axis, and the concepts of direct and inverse relationships.
• 🧪 The 'Ten Commandments of Chemistry' are introduced as a framework for mastering chemistry, starting with graph interpretation and extending to entropy and the periodic table.
• 📈 The video explains how to calculate the slope of a graph, which represents density in the context of mass over volume, and how to interpret angles (Theta) in graph analysis.
• 🔍 The importance of understanding the relationship between variables in equations is highlighted, with examples of direct and inverse proportionality.
• 📝 A methodology for tackling chemistry problems is presented, advising viewers to read the last sentence of a question first to focus their approach.
• ✍️ The video stresses the importance of note-taking, using pen and paper, and maintaining a 'booboo notebook' for recording and learning from mistakes.
• 🌐 Entropy is introduced as a measure of disorder, with nature tending to move from low to high entropy, illustrating this with examples like melting ice.
• 🔢 The difference between numerical values and measuring units is clarified, and the seven standard international base units of matter are listed.
• 🧩 The video discusses types of matter, distinguishing between pure substances, mixtures, and the difference between fundamental and derived quantities.
• 🌿 Practical applications of the periodic table are explored, linking elements within the same group and their effects on human health, such as sodium and potassium.

Q & A

What is the first commandment of chemistry mentioned in the script?

The first commandment of chemistry is to understand how to read graphs, including recognizing the x-axis, y-axis, and interpreting the relationship between directly related and inversely related entities.

What does the script suggest as the best method for learning chemistry?

The script suggests learning chemistry by sitting at a desk upright with a pen and paper in hand, actively engaging with the material, and not just passively watching videos.

What is the significance of the 'Booboo notebook' or 'OPC notebook' as mentioned in the script?

The 'Booboo notebook' or 'OPC notebook' is a mistakes journal where one should write down concepts learned from making mistakes in chemistry problems, which helps to avoid repeating those errors and become better at chemistry.

How does the script explain the concept of entropy in chemistry?

The script explains entropy as a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. It states that nature tends to go from a state of low entropy (more order) to high entropy (less order), which is why processes in nature are often spontaneous and move from high energy states to lower energy states.

What is the difference between fundamental and derived quantities as discussed in the script?

Fundamental quantities are the seven base units of the International System of Units (SI), which include length, time, temperature, mass, amount of substance, electric current, and light intensity. Derived quantities are those that are derived from combinations of the fundamental quantities, such as speed, which is derived from distance and time.

How does the script differentiate between physical, chemical, and nuclear changes?

Physical changes involve small amounts of energy and do not alter the chemical composition of a substance, like ice melting. Chemical changes involve larger amounts of energy and result in a change in the chemical composition, like burning wood. Nuclear changes involve a tremendous amount of energy and involve changes at the atomic nucleus level.

What role does the periodic table play in understanding the properties of elements as per the script?

The periodic table is crucial for understanding the properties of elements because elements in the same group or column often have similar properties, which can influence their behavior in biological systems and potential toxicity, as illustrated by examples of sodium, potassium, cadmium, mercury, and strontium.

What is the script's advice on how to approach multiple-choice questions in chemistry?

The script advises to read the last sentence of a question first to focus the mind, write down all the given information and equations, and to double-check the answer before choosing from the options. It also warns against changing the answer unless there is a significant realization, such as an 'aha' moment.

How does the script define the relationship between two entities in a graph?

The script defines the relationship between two entities in a graph by the slope (rise over run) and the angle (Theta) the line makes with the horizontal axis. A positive slope or angle indicates direct proportionality, while a negative slope or angle indicates inverse proportionality.

What is the significance of the 'Ten Commandments of Chemistry' mentioned in the script?

The 'Ten Commandments of Chemistry' is a set of principles or guidelines provided in the script to help students understand and approach chemistry concepts effectively, including reading graphs, understanding entropy, and mastering the periodic table.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Introduction to General Chemistry Quick Review

The speaker, Medicosa, introduces a General Chemistry Quick Review playlist, emphasizing clarity and conciseness in teaching chemistry. The video is aimed at students who find traditional teaching methods confusing and seek a straightforward approach. Medicosa outlines the 'Ten Commandments of Chemistry,' starting with understanding graph reading, including axes and relationships between variables. The playlist is designed to cover fundamental chemistry concepts, such as entropy, types of matter, standard units, and the implications of the periodic table. The speaker advises active learning, with the use of pen and paper, and maintaining notes for future reference. The importance of engagement and active viewing of the playlist is stressed, along with the complementary use of Medicosa's chemistry notes available on the website.

05:02

📈 Understanding Graphs and Relationships in Chemistry

The paragraph delves into the importance of graph interpretation in chemistry, explaining how to read axes and differentiate between directly and inversely related entities. It uses examples to illustrate how the slope of a graph can represent density and how the angle theta, formed by the graph line and the x-axis, can indicate the relationship between variables. The speaker clarifies the difference between linear and non-linear relationships and provides a method to determine the slope through calculations. The concept of direct and inverse proportionality is explored through mathematical relationships, emphasizing the importance of understanding these relationships in various scientific fields.

10:03

🧠 Tackling Chemistry Problems with Strategy

Medicosa provides strategies for solving chemistry problems, suggesting starting with the last sentence of a question to focus the mind on the required variables. The speaker advises writing down the correct answer before looking at the multiple-choice options to avoid confusion. A systematic approach to problem-solving is recommended, including writing down all given values and equations. The importance of not changing answers without a clear reason is emphasized, with an exception for 'aha' moments. The concept of entropy as a measure of disorder and the natural tendency of systems to move towards increased entropy is introduced, using examples like the melting of ice to illustrate the principle.

15:04

🌡️ Numerical Values, Measuring Units, and Types of Matter

This section discusses the distinction between numerical values and measuring units, using examples like meters for length. It explores types of matter, differentiating between pure substances, which are either elements or compounds, and mixtures, which can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. The paragraph explains the seven standard international base units of matter, including their symbols and the importance of distinguishing between similar-sounding units, such as 'meter' and 'mole.' The concept of derived quantities is introduced, showing how they are calculated from fundamental quantities, exemplified by speed derived from distance and time.

20:05

⚛️ Changes in Matter and Energy Concepts

The video script explains different types of changes in matter, such as physical, chemical, and nuclear changes, each requiring varying amounts of energy. It contrasts physical changes, like melting ice, with chemical changes, like burning wood, and nuclear changes, which release massive energy. The concept of energy is explored, distinguishing between potential and kinetic energy, and providing examples of each type. The implications of understanding the periodic table are discussed, with real-world examples like the role of sodium and potassium in health, the function of the kidney's collecting duct, and the dangers of certain metal poisoning. The speaker emphasizes the relevance of chemistry to everyday life and health.

25:05

📊 Conclusion and Invitation to Learn More

In the concluding paragraph, Medicosa poses two questions to the audience to apply the concepts learned, regarding the relationship between variables in an equation and the interpretation of graphs to determine compliance. The speaker encourages viewers to participate by sharing their answers in the comments and to look forward to the next video on significant figures and scientific notation. A call to action is made for viewers to subscribe, access premium content, and consider tutoring for deeper learning. The video ends with a reminder of the website for further resources and a farewell note, emphasizing the practical beauty of chemistry.

Keywords

💡Graphs

Graphs are a fundamental tool in chemistry for visualizing data and trends. In the video, understanding how to read graphs is emphasized as a crucial skill. The script mentions the importance of recognizing the x-axis and y-axis, and the relationship between variables they represent. For instance, the video explains how the slope of a graph can represent density when mass is plotted against volume, illustrating the direct correlation between these variables.

💡Medicosis Methodology

The Medicosis Methodology refers to a systematic approach to solving chemistry problems as introduced by the video creator. It involves a structured way of tackling questions, which is particularly highlighted in the context of exam preparation. The script advises reading the last sentence of a question first to focus the mind, then working through the problem methodically to arrive at the correct answer before referring to the answer choices.

💡Entropy

Entropy, in the context of the video, is defined as a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. The video emphasizes entropy's role in understanding natural processes, such as why nature tends to progress from order to disorder, and from low entropy to high entropy. An example given is the spontaneous melting of ice into less organized water, illustrating the concept that natural processes favor increased disorder.

💡Matter

Matter is a central concept in chemistry, and the video discusses it in terms of purity and composition. Pure substances are either elements, consisting of a single type of atom, or compounds, which are made up of two or more types of atoms. Mixtures, on the other hand, consist of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. The video uses the example of a salt solution as a homogeneous mixture and oil and water as a heterogeneous mixture.

💡Standard International Base Units

The video introduces the seven standard international base units of measurement, which are the fundamental quantities in the International System of Units (SI). These include units for length (meter), time (second), temperature (kelvin), mass (kilogram), amount of substance (mole), electric current (ampere), and light intensity (candela). Understanding these units is essential for accurate measurement and communication in chemistry.

💡Changes in Matter

The video outlines different types of changes that matter can undergo, including physical changes, chemical changes, and nuclear changes. Physical changes involve a change in state or form without altering the substance's chemical identity, like the melting of ice. Chemical changes result in the formation of new substances, such as when wood burns. Nuclear changes involve changes in the nucleus of atoms, releasing vast amounts of energy, as in nuclear reactors.

💡Energy

Energy in the video is categorized into potential and kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy, which can be found in various forms such as chemical, nuclear, gravitational, and elastic energy. Kinetic energy, on the other hand, is the energy of motion, which includes mechanical movement, electrical energy as electrons move, thermal energy as heat is transferred, and radiant energy from radioactive sources. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding these forms of energy in the context of chemical reactions and processes.

💡Periodic Table

The Periodic Table is a tabular arrangement of elements by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The video underscores the importance of understanding the table's implications beyond memorization, such as how elements in the same group often share similar properties. Examples given include how potassium can substitute for sodium in the diet, and how elements like cadmium and mercury can interfere with zinc's role in the body.

💡Commandments of Chemistry

The 'Ten Commandments of Chemistry' mentioned in the video serve as a set of guiding principles or key concepts for understanding and applying chemical knowledge. These commandments cover a range of topics from graph reading to understanding entropy, and are presented as essential knowledge for mastering chemistry.

💡Mistakes Notebook

The 'Mistakes Notebook' or 'Booboo Notebook' is a strategy recommended in the video for learning from errors. When making a mistake in a chemistry problem, the concept related to the error is written down in this notebook. This method is suggested to reinforce learning and avoid repeating the same mistakes, contributing to a deeper understanding of chemistry.

Highlights

Introduction to Medicosa's General Chemistry Quick Review playlist, aiming to simplify complex chemistry concepts.

The Ten Commandments of Chemistry are introduced as a framework for understanding key chemistry concepts.

Commandment one emphasizes the importance of understanding how to read graphs, including the x-axis, y-axis, and the concept of slope representing density.

Explanation of the difference between directly related and inversely related entities on a graph.

The Medicosis Methodology for tackling chemistry problems is presented, focusing on a systematic approach.

Concept of entropy as disorder is introduced, with an analogy to rolling snowballs to illustrate the natural progression from order to disorder.

The significance of numerical values versus measuring units in chemistry is discussed.

Differentiation between types of matter: pure substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds.

Introduction to the seven standard international base units of matter, including their symbols and applications.

Explanation of fundamental quantities versus derived quantities in the context of the International System of Units (SI).

Discussion on changes in matter, including physical, chemical, and nuclear changes, and the energy involved.

Differentiation between potential and kinetic energy, with examples of each type.

Implications of understanding the periodic table, with real-world applications such as sodium and potassium in health.

Practical advice on how to study chemistry effectively, including the use of pen and paper, and the importance of a 'booboo' notebook.

The importance of active engagement with the study materials, rather than passive viewing, is emphasized.

Final thoughts on the beauty and importance of chemistry in everyday life, and a call to action for viewers to appreciate the subject.

Invitation to download Medicosa's renal physiology course for further in-depth study.

Transcripts

hello wonderful people it's medicosa's

perfect net is where medicine makes

perfect sense after the success of my

biology playlist and biochemistry

playlist it's time to talk about

chemistry if you're tired of your

professor's mumbo jumbo and want

something clear short and precise you

want to get in get out then this series

is for you it's medicosa's General

chemistry quick review playlist let's

get started when I talked about

metabolism in Biochemistry we had the

Ten Commandments of metabolism today we

have the Ten Commandments of chemistry

commandment number one Thou shalt

understand how to read graphs the x-axis

the y-axis Etc thou shall tell the

difference between directly related and

inversely related entities number three

learn how to tackle chemistry problems

or questions with a medicosis

methodology and of course you need to

understand the concept of entropy think

of it as disorder now next numerical

value versus the measuring unit what are

the types of matter and what the seven

standard international base units of

matter are and the difference between

fundamental quantities these seven and

derived quantities changes in matter

types of energy see it's all about

matter and energy and we'll conclude by

implications of periodic table plus

questions to get the most out of this

playlist do not watch these values while

sleeping on the couch instead I want you

sitting at your desk upright with a pen

and paper in hand how about an iPad and

apple pencil now why don't you like the

iPad I love the iPad it helped me make

more than 1800 videos on this channel

however for understanding for speed for

Less distractions there is nothing like

pen and paper also whatever you're

writing down on these papers do not

throw them away because they'll help you

tremendously in general chemistry

organic chemistry biochemistry so keep

them in a safe place next anytime we

encounter a question in the series

please pause the video and try to answer

this question yourself before I tell you

the answer and not just pen and paper

you will need to bring a brand new

mistakes notebook also known as Booboo

notebook or oopsies and anytime you make

a mistake in one of these questions

write the concept that you learned in

the OPC notebook your booboo notebook

plus my handwritten notes will make you

invincible in chemistry please save this

playlist called General chemistry review

and watch these videos in order every

single day you have no idea how much you

can accomplish in a short period of time

do not wait until YouTube recommend my

videos to you because when you're

browsing YouTube before bed you're not

in mood to study chemistry obviously so

you'll skip my videos two or three days

in a row so YouTube will say aha you are

not interested in chemistry anymore and

will stop recommending my videos you

need to actually save the playlist and

actively come every day intentionality

people at the end of this playlist there

will be an ultimate chemistry review one

humongous video revealing all of

chemistry and will be tons of questions

these videos go hand in hand with my

chemistry notes which you can download

on my website

meticosisperfectsnetis.com 10

commandments of chemistry number one how

to read graphs the first step in reading

a graph is to look at the horizontal

axis and the y-axis oh we have time here

we have concentration here or any other

entity next what if I told you that this

is volume and this is mass what do you

think the slope of this line is its mass

over volume rise over run and mass over

volume is density so the slope of that

graph will represent density because

density is mass over volume rise over

run this slope also equals 10 of theta

angle the angle Theta is between pay

attention the slope this diagonal line

right here and the x-axis so it's

between the diagonal and the horizontal

line it's here not here if you put it

here you will ruin everything the Theta

is here it's how much did I Rise Above

the run so do you see this lovely line

right here let's call it X and then let

me draw another liner here and call it y

between X and Y which one has higher

density well Whoever has the highest

slope and which one has the biggest

slope whatever has the biggest Theta

angle so y has a higher slope which

means y has a higher density assuming

that mass is on the y-axis and volume is

on the x-axis so first step you look at

the X sees and then you look at the

relationship if we're going this way

it's directly related which means as the

volume goes up the mass goes up but what

if it was the other way around if as

volume goes up Mass goes down then the

graph will look like this oh you see the

difference between this and this going

up going down let's play with some

numbers suppose that this Theta angle

right here is 45 degrees what's the

slope well 10 of 45 equals one positive

1 that is how about here where is the

angle Theta oh Miracles it's this one 90

degrees shut up oh then it has to be

this one between this line and the

horizontal which is about 45 also shut

up because if this is the Theta then tan

of the theta equals positive one well

how come this is positive one and this

is positive one even though this is

directly proportional and this is

inverse related cannot happen it's

impossible

Theta is here my friend it's the angle

between this line and the horizontal

axis it's how much did I rise over the

Run oh look at all of this so let's say

it was

135 degrees what is 10 of 135 answer

negative one because these things are

directly correlated you get a positive

it's a positive correlation but these

two entities X and Y are negatively

correlated inversely proportional so you

get a negative one see it makes perfect

sense once you understand what the flip

you're talking about and there is

another way to get the slope it's the

rise over the run the change in the rise

over the change in the run so let's just

imagine some numbers imagine that this

point is one and this point is two and

then imagine that this point represents

three and this is a two what's the the

change in the rise 2 minus 1 is 1 over

the change in the Run 3 minus 2 is also

one one over one is one positive one

that is let's play the same game over

here this is two and this is one and

here we have two and three and then you

have the change in the Y so it's Y2

minus y1 over X2 minus X1 where is Y2

here it's the one not the two and

where's y1 it's here so it's 1 minus two

over three minus two equals negative one

over one equals negative one that's the

slope of this graph right here another

fundamental question what's the

difference between this line right here

and something that looks like this well

easy the straight line is a linear

relationship they are directly related

in an arithmetic manner but look at this

non-linearity non-linear relationship or

geometrical or exponential Etc the same

thing could be told of the inverse I can

draw a line or if it's non-linear I can

draw something like this chemistry

commandment number two how can we read

such a thing well A and B are directly

related to each other numerator

numerator with equal in between how

about between a and C A and C are

inversely related to one another

assuming that b remains constant now

suppose that a remains constant what's

the relationship between B and C meaning

if C increases and a stays the same

what's going to happen to be answer B

will also go up how come when two

entities are divisible by each other

they are directly related to each other

if two entities are divisible by one

another then they are directly related

provided that the third entity stays

constant and that's why a and B are

directly related when C remains constant

because A and B are divisible by each

other how come I can put B down here so

it become if A over B and then what was

under here is one one over C so I can

put it this way A over B equals 1 over C

and when you draw it this way now A and

B are divisible by one another if two

entities are divisible by one another

they are directly correlated with one

another as a goes up B goes up provided

that c remains constant but what if two

entities are multiplied by one another

Like A and C here because I can

rearrange this to become a times C

equals 1 times B you can ignore the one

if two entities are multiplied by one

another then they are inverse related to

one another so by keeping B constant as

a goes up C goes down as a goes down C

goes up how about an equation like this

this is addition and subtraction instead

of multiplication and division when two

entities are added to one another they

are inverse related but when they are

subtractable from one another they are

directly related can I make a minus C

sure you can bring C here with a

negative sign so it becomes a minus C

equals negative B A minus C oh

subtractable from one another directly

related how about B and C are they

subtractable from one another absolutely

I can bring the B here it becomes C

minus B oh c minus B subtractable from

one another then they are directly

related so the more of the story is if

two entities are divisible by one

another they are directly related or if

two entities are subtractable from one

another still directly proportional but

if you can multiply them together or add

them together then they are inversely

proportional to one another and this is

very important to understand chemistry

equations physics equations biochemistry

equations physiology equations all kinds

of equations so we're done with one and

two let's go to number three how to

tackle chemistry problems on your exam

here's the deal if the question stem is

long you should read the last sentence

first and the last sentence could be

what's the density oh now you'll go up

and continue reading the entire thing

but now your mind is focused oh I'm

looking for Mass I'm looking for volume

so that I can get the density so get the

mask get the volume faster then if you

have read the whole thing from top to

bottom Because by the time you end up

here oh density density is worth like

Mass over volume so let me go up again

and find the mess and the volume you

will waste a lot of time doing this read

the last sentence first okay what's the

density you had the mess you had the

volume you divided the mass buy the

volume and you got your density try to

write down the correct answer before you

look at the choices the answer choices

are not your friends they are your

enemies they are there to use you and

confuse you so you get your answer first

oh I know the density is going to be two

kilograms per liter after this you can

look at the choices until you find the

two kilograms per liter and then you

pick that one here is another thing that

can happen some people say it will find

two here and then they will stop reading

the rest of the choice and oh a is the

correct answer I'm sure no you need to

read all the choices because sometimes a

is two but it was 2 grams per liter

instead of kilograms per liter which was

written here you have to read all of the

choices before you pick an answer

another important tip write down all the

nouns if here they told you that the

mass was 4 kilograms and then you write

down m equals 4 kilograms and here they

told you that the volume was 2 liters

right down that V equals 2 liters write

down the equation density equals mass

over volume M over V 4 over 2 equals 2

kilograms per liter you need to have a

system to tackle these problems

otherwise the professor is going to run

circles around you after you chose the

correct answer double check your answer

and here's the thing please listen

carefully do not change your answer do

not change your answer do not change

your answer no Exceptions there is only

one tiny exception if you have an aha

moment if the question said all of the

following statements are true except and

then you did not read except the first

time so you chose your answer based on

the fact that there was no except now

that you've discovered there is accept

at the end of the sentence you're now

allowed to change your answer because

that's a major aha moment but if it's

just doubting yourself no stick with the

old answer stick with the first answer

that you chose most cases it's the

correct one hammericosis what if I have

no idea which of these is more likely be

true like I am clueless then pick anyone

do not leave it empty you can even pick

your favorite letter I don't care do not

leave it empty next entropy disorder

Randomness Freedom here's the thing

about nature nature loves going downhill

this is tweetable right there memorize

this nature loves to go downhill from

high energy states into lower energy

states get that snowball rolling When

You observe snowballs rolling are they

rolling downhill or uphill I'm talking

spontaneously without anyone pushing

them oh they will roll downhill that's

exactly the point nature goes from high

energy to low energy and from more order

like this to less order like this get a

cube of ice leave it at room temperature

picture and see what's gonna happen it

will change from solid which is well

organized like this into water liquid

water which is less organized I went

from more order to less order do you

think if you leave the ice at the room

temperature long enough the water can

turn back into ice never because nature

only goes downstairs

I can put it in the freezer nah that's

different that's not spontaneous anymore

now you are actively adding energy to

the water to make it back into ice

that's different we're not talking about

that we're talking about naturally

spontaneously without any intervention

without adding any energy from outside

you're always going to go from high

energy to low energy from more order to

less order I.E from less disorder into

more disorder because if something has

less order it has more disorder and

what's the word that is synonymous with

disorder entropy so nature loves to go

from low entropy to high entropy if an

organized arranged deck of cards fall

off the balcony it will go from more

order organized deck into less order

disorganized deck no matter how long you

wait it's not gonna reshuffle itself

back to an orderly order again it's not

gonna happen now these are the basics

when you go to a theoretical physics

later they will tell you it's not 100

it's just that it's way way way way way

more likely this way than the other way

okay who cares extremely unlikely and

impossible are not that different from a

practical standpoint so we go from less

disorder into more disorder that's why

scientists predict that eventually the

sun will run out of light all life forms

that we know will perish as the universe

increases in in entropy next numerical

values and measuring units if I say

250.21 meters the 250.21 is the

numerical value and the meter is the

measuring unit let's talk about matter

and energy starting with matter types of

matter matter could be Pure or could be

a mixture energy could be potential

energy or kinetic energy let's start

with matter Pure or mixture what do you

mean by pure I mean it's easy to

separate them physically relatively

speaking and if you just have one type

of atom we call you an element if you

have two or more types of atoms we call

the a compound example when I say oxygen

oh that's an element one type of atom is

just oxygen how about water oh that's a

compound because here I have two types

of atoms I have hydrogen atoms and an

oxygen atom if the matter is not pure it

is a mixture meaning cannot be easily

separated and we have two types

homogeneous mixtures which are identical

in composition throughout or

heterogeneous mixtures can you give me

an example of homogeneous mixture sure

how about adding some salt to water

steering the salt until it disappears

until we have a salt solution oh that's

homogeneous when you look at that water

it has the same composition whether

you're looking up the glass down the

glass in the middle of the glass doesn't

matter but let's add oil to water oh

that's hydrogen oil will remain on top

water at the bottom with a layer in

between heterogeneous not identical

composition throughout next we'll talk

about the seven standard international

base units of matter and there you go we

have length time temperature mass amount

of substance electric current light

intensity how do you measure length the

measuring unit is meter how about time

in seconds temperature in kelvins Mass

kilogram items amount of substance more

electric current and pair light

intensity Candela note lowercase M meter

for length but uppercase m means mole

for the amount of substance one has

nothing to do with the other so we have

to pay close attention moreover Candela

abbreviated lowercase C lowercase D what

if it was upper KC lowercase D that's

cadmium an element of the periodic table

has nothing to do with the Candela so

pay attention to how they are written

why do we call this s i base units

system international it's a French term

if we take two of these fundamental

quantities we can derive a derived

quantity from them for example you look

at this meters okay over time in seconds

what do you call that speed is speed one

of these no is it derived from some of

these yes so speed here is that derived

quantity while distance and time are

fundamental quantities after talking

about types of matter let's talk about

changes in matter physical changes

chemical changes nuclear changes

physical changes are involved with small

amount of energy chemical usually larger

nuclear ethi humongous amount of energy

as ice melts that's a physical change

burning wood is a chemical change more

energy a nuclear reactor can release

tons of energy and we can use that

energy to generate an electrical current

next let's talk energy we have two big

categories of energy potential energy

and kinetic energy potential means

stored energy kinetic Kinesis movement

energy in motion potential energy

includes chemical energy nuclear energy

gravitational energy elastic energy how

about kinetic energy motion motion

mechanical oh I'm moving electrical

electrons are moving thermal heat energy

is being transferred from the Hutt to

the cold object radiant oh radioactive

active active in motion last some

implications of understanding the

periodic table instead of just

memorizing everything like a freaking

donkey let me actually explain to you

why this is vital I'll just give you

five facts many patients have high blood

pressure doctors will say eat less salt

decrease your sodium intake some of

these patients go to the store and they

will find sodium Alternatives guess what

these sodium alternatives are made of

potassium why is that because it

belongeth to the same group or column in

the periodic table so potassium can

replace sodium in the food fact number

two some doctors will recommend that

these patients with high blood pressure

lower their sodium intake and raise

their potassium intake fruits and

vegetables and less of these spicy

noodles fact number three the last part

of your kidney is known as the distal

collecting duct after this we have the

collecting ducts these collecting Ducks

tend to reabsorb sodium but excrete

potassium bring their sodium back to the

system but then get rid of the potassium

why do they do that because sodium and

potassium compared with one another why

they belong to the same group in the

periodic table the same part of your

kidney can also reabsorb sodium and

excrete hydrogen oh how come they belong

to the same group in the periodic table

next cadmium poisoning mercury poisoning

can replace zinc in your RNA polymerase

which means no transcription for you

which means no protein synthesis that's

why cadmium poisoning and mercury

poisoning are not good for foreign it's

all here baby in the periodic table fact

number five strontium from radioactive

fallout can be dangerous for you why

because strontium and calcium belong to

the same group in the periodic table

meaning strontium can kick the calcium

out of your bones bones without calcium

are weak increasing your risk of

fractures so after all of this I do not

want to hear oh I have no idea why we're

studying chemistry oh my goodness

chemistry is so beautiful chemistry is

life I just told you about five vital

facts from the periodic table if you

want more check out my video titled

minerals you'll find that in my

biochemistry playlist and there you go

the Ten Commandments of basic chemistry

and before we go here are two questions

for you question one if a plus b equals

c will keep C constant a will go up

what's going to happen to be is it going

to go up down no chain change or it

depends second question we have three

graphs here A B and C which one of them

has the highest compliance knowing that

compliance is the change in volume over

change in pressure but I've not studied

compliance before that's the point you

can answer this question without knowing

what the flip compliance is it's all

about Concepts do you understand the

concept do you know how to read a graph

please let me know the answers to these

questions in the comment section you'll

find the answer key in the next video

when we talk significant figures and

scientific notation I've talked a lot

about the distal convoluted tubule and

the collecting duct of your kidneys do

you want to learn more about filtration

reabsorption secretion titratable

acidity of the kidney the counter

current multiplier and much more then

download my renal physiology course at

meticosisperfectsnetis.com thanks for

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perfect sense medicine and chemistry