How to Name Acids: Examples and Practice

Summary

This educational video script guides viewers through the process of naming acids, focusing on simple and oxyacids. It explains the systematic approach using a flowchart, starting with HCl and H2S, emphasizing exceptions like sulfur's 'ur' retention. The script then delves into oxyacids, requiring a common ion table for polyatomic ions like NO3- and SO42-. Examples include naming HNO3 as nitric acid and H2SO4 as sulfuric acid, with attention to hydrogen's role in determining the ion's charge. The video aims to simplify acid nomenclature for general chemistry learners.

Takeaways

• 🔍 Naming acids involves recognizing patterns and memorizing a few exceptions.
• 📝 For simple acids like HCl, the name follows the pattern 'hydro' + element stem + 'ic' + 'acid'.
• 🌐 The flow chart is a useful tool for systematically naming acids based on their composition.
• 💧 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an example of a simple acid named using the standard pattern.
• ⚠️ Sulfur is a notable exception; in H2S, 'hydrosulfuric acid' is corrected to 'hydrosulfuric acid' by retaining the 'ur'.
• 🌐 For acids like HF, the name is formed by 'hydro' + element stem + 'ic' + 'acid', resulting in 'hydrofluoric acid'.
• 🌀 Oxyacids, which contain oxygen and more than two elements, are named using a different set of rules involving polyatomic ions.
• 📊 A common ion table is essential for naming oxyacids, as it lists the names of polyatomic ions like NO3- and SO42-.
• 🔬 The name for HNO3 is 'nitric acid', derived from the 'nitrate' ion, following the pattern of replacing 'ate' with 'ic' and adding 'acid'.
• ✏️ For H2SO4, the sulfate ion is identified, and the name 'sulfuric acid' is formed by adjusting the stem and adding 'acid', with the 'ur' retained for sulfur.
• 📚 The script provides a basic definition of acids as substances that release H+ ions in water, influencing the pH of the solution.

Q & A

What is the first step in naming acids according to the script?

The first step in naming acids is to identify if there are two different elements present, which leads to using the prefix 'hydro' followed by the stem of the second element.

How is hydrochloric acid (HCl) named using the flowchart?

Hydrochloric acid is named by starting with 'hydro', taking the stem 'chlor' from chlorine, removing the 'ine', and adding 'ic' to form 'hydrochloric', then appending 'acid'.

What exception is mentioned for sulfur when naming H2S?

For H2S, the exception is that the 'ur' from sulfur must be retained in the name, resulting in 'hydrosulfuric acid' instead of just 'hydrosulfic acid'.

How is hydrofluoric acid (HF) named?

Hydrofluoric acid is named by starting with 'hydro', taking the stem 'fluor' from fluorine, removing the 'ine', adding 'ic' to form 'hydrofluoric', then appending 'acid'.

What is the definition of an acid used in the script?

In the script, an acid is defined as a substance that gives off H+ ions (hydrogen ions) when dissolved in water.

What is the significance of the pH scale mentioned in the script?

The pH scale is significant as it measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, indicating the concentration of H+ ions present.

How are oxyacids different from simple acids?

Oxyacids are different from simple acids because they contain three different elements including oxygen, and they are named using rules that involve looking up polyatomic ions in a common ion table.

What is the name of the acid formed by HNO3 according to the script?

The acid formed by HNO3 is named 'nitric acid', which is derived from the nitrate ion found in the common ion table.

Why is it necessary to use a common ion table when naming oxyacids?

A common ion table is necessary for naming oxyacids because it lists polyatomic ions, which are ions with more than one element like NO3 or SO4, and these ions are not easily identified from the periodic table alone.

How is the name 'sulfuric acid' derived for H2SO4?

For H2SO4, the name 'sulfuric acid' is derived by identifying the sulfate ion from the common ion table, using the rule to cross out the 'ate' and add 'ic', and then including the 'ur' back for sulfur as an exception.

What is the name of the acid formed by HNO2, and how is it named?

The acid formed by HNO2 is named 'nitrous acid', which comes from the nitrite ion found in the common ion table, and the name is formed by changing 'ite' to 'ous' and appending 'acid'.