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Summary
TLDRThis script explores the Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula, detailing its division into the High and Late Middle Ages. It covers the feudal system, the Visigoths' rule, and the Islamic conquest leading to Al-Andalus, a cultural hub with advancements in science and architecture. The script also touches on the Reconquista, the unification of Christian kingdoms, and the emergence of Romanesque and Gothic art styles, culminating in the marriage of Isabel and Fernando, symbolizing the Peninsula's unity.
Takeaways
- ðïž The fall of the Eastern Roman Empire in 476 AD marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, which lasted until the late 15th century.
- ð The Middle Ages are divided into the High and Late Middle Ages, characterized by feudalism and the rise of cities, respectively.
- ð° In the High Middle Ages, society was structured around castles and manors, with the majority of the population being peasants engaged in agriculture and livestock farming.
- âªïž The Church and clergy played a significant role, with the Pope and religious figures holding power above the nobility and monarchy.
- ð After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths established the Kingdom of Toledo, adopting Latin, Christianity, and continuing Roman laws.
- ð The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD led to the creation of Al-Andalus, introducing Islam and making it a cultural center of the medieval world.
- ð Al-Andalus was known for its scientific, medical, and mathematical advancements, and for introducing the numeral system used today in Europe.
- ðïž The Late Middle Ages saw the emergence of the bourgeoisie, a new social class living in cities and contributing to the construction of great cathedrals.
- ð¡ïž The Reconquista was a period of Christian military campaigns to reclaim territories from the Muslims, culminating in the conquest of Granada in 1492.
- ð The architectural styles of the Middle Ages included the Romanesque, characterized by small rural churches with round arches, and the Gothic, with taller, more luminous cathedrals and pointed arches.
- ð The marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united the major kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, known as the Catholic Monarchs.
Q & A
What significant event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?
-The fall of the Eastern Roman Empire to barbarian tribes in 476 marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.
How did the Middle Ages end?
-The Middle Ages ended in the late 15th century with three notable events: the discovery of America in 1492, the fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the invention of the printing press by Gutenberg in the same year.
What is the feudal system, and how did it form during the High Middle Ages?
-The feudal system was a hierarchical structure where peasants were dominated by a castle, inhabited by a lord or noble, and the clergy, with the king at the top. It was a system that included land ownership, protection, and service in exchange for loyalty.
What were the main characteristics of the Iberian Peninsula during the Visigothic Kingdom?
-The Visigothic Kingdom, established after the fall of the Roman Empire, adopted Latin as the language, Christianity as the religion, and continued Roman laws. It was also known for its education system.
Who were the people that invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 and what did they establish?
-An army from North Africa, known as Muslims or Arabs, invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 and established Al-Andalus, introducing Islam as the new religion.
What were the main contributions of Al-Andalus to medieval Europe?
-Al-Andalus was a significant cultural center that contributed scientific advancements in medicine, astronomy, and mathematics, and introduced the numeral system used today in Europe.
What architectural features were characteristic of Al-Andalus?
-Architectural features of Al-Andalus included the horseshoe arch, the Alcázar as a fortified castle, the Zoco as a marketplace, and the mosque for prayer and study, all surrounded by protective city walls.
What is the significance of the Battle of Covadonga in 722 and its impact on the Iberian Peninsula?
-The Battle of Covadonga in 722, where Don Pelayo resisted the Muslim invasion, marked the beginning of the Reconquista, a period of Christian re-conquest of the Iberian Peninsula that lasted until 1492.
What were the two main artistic styles of the Middle Ages mentioned in the script?
-The two main artistic styles of the Middle Ages were Romanesque art, characterized by rural churches with the use of round arches, and Gothic art, which developed in cities with taller cathedrals, pointed arches, and more light.
How did the Christian kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula evolve over the Middle Ages?
-Christian kingdoms evolved from the Kingdom of Asturias, which later became the Kingdom of León, and then Castile. The union of Castile and León formed the Crown of Castile. In the north, the Kingdom of Navarre was created, and in the west, the Crown of Aragon was formed through the union of Catalan counties and other kingdoms.
What was the significance of the marriage between Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon?
-The marriage between Isabella and Ferdinand united the two major kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, known as the Catholic Monarchs, and marked a significant step towards the completion of the Reconquista and the conquest of Granada in 1492.
Outlines
ð° The Fall of the Roman Empire and the Dawn of the Middle Ages
This paragraph discusses the pivotal year 476 when the Eastern Roman Empire fell to barbarian tribes, marking the beginning of the Middle Ages. It outlines the significant events that bookend this era: the discovery of America in 1492, the fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the invention of the printing press by Gutenberg. The script introduces the audience to the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages, highlighting the feudal system, the roles of peasants, clergy, and nobility, and the emergence of a new social class, the bourgeoisie, during the Late Middle Ages. It also touches on the Visigoths' reign in Spain, their adoption of Latin and Christianity, and the continuation of Roman laws.
ð The Islamic Conquest and Cultural Developments in Al-Andalus
This section delves into the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711, led by an army from North Africa that established Al-Andalus. It describes the introduction of Islam, the religion founded by Muhammad, and the cultural and scientific advancements that flourished under Muslim rule, including contributions to medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. The paragraph also details the architectural elements of Al-Andalus, such as the horseshoe arch, the Alcázar, the Zoco, and the mosque. It outlines the political evolution from the Emirate dependent on Córdoba to the independent Emirate and the Caliphate of Córdoba, culminating in a period of cultural splendor.
ð¡ïž The Reconquista and the Formation of Christian Kingdoms
This paragraph covers the period known as the Reconquista, where Christian kingdoms gradually reclaimed territories from the Muslims, leading up to the conquest of Granada in 1492. It mentions the resistance in the north of Spain, the formation of the Kingdom of Asturias, and the subsequent kingdoms of León and Castile. The paragraph also discusses the unification of Castile and León into the Crown of Castile and the formation of the Crown of Aragon through the union of Catalonia, Mallorca, and Valencia. The marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, known as the Catholic Monarchs, is highlighted as a significant event in the unification of the peninsula.
ðš Artistic Evolution: Romanesque and Gothic Art in the Middle Ages
The final paragraph focuses on the artistic styles of the Middle Ages, contrasting the rural Romanesque art characterized by small churches with round arches and limited light, with the urban Gothic art that features taller cathedrals with pointed arches and large windows allowing more light. The paragraph concludes the video with an invitation for viewers to like and subscribe for more content.
Mindmap
Keywords
ð¡Middle Ages
ð¡Feudalism
ð¡Visigoths
ð¡Al-Andalus
ð¡Islam
Highlights
The fall of the Eastern Roman Empire in 476 marks the beginning of the Middle Ages, a period that lasts until the late 15th century.
The Middle Ages is divided into two clear stages: the High Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages.
In the High Middle Ages, feudalism was the dominant social system, with peasants living under the rule of castles and nobles.
The clergy and the nobility formed the upper echelons of medieval society, with the king at the top.
The Late Middle Ages saw the rise of cities and the emergence of a new social class, the bourgeoisie.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths entered the Iberian Peninsula, adopting Latin, Christianity, and Roman laws.
In 711, a Muslim army from North Africa invaded the Iberian Peninsula, leading to the establishment of Al-Andalus.
Al-Andalus became an important cultural center of the medieval world, with significant advances in science, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics.
The Islamic religion, founded by Muhammad in the Arabian Peninsula, was spreading rapidly during the time of Al-Andalus.
The architectural features of Al-Andalus included the horseshoe arch, the Alcázar (fortified castle), the Zoco (marketplace), and the mosque.
The Emirate of Córdoba was established as an independent entity from the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad between 929 and 950.
The Caliphate of Córdoba, proclaimed by Abderraman III, marked a period of cultural splendor from 929 to 1031.
The Caliphate eventually fragmented into smaller Taifas kingdoms due to internal struggles between 1003 and 1031.
The Christian Reconquista was a period of conquests that lasted until 1492, with the capture of the last Andalusian kingdom, Granada.
The Battle of Covadonga in 722 marked the beginning of the Reconquista, led by Don Pelayo in a small northern region of Spain.
The formation of the Christian kingdoms of Asturias, Leon, Castile, Navarre, and Aragon contributed to the eventual unification of the Iberian Peninsula.
The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon united the two major kingdoms of the peninsula, known as the Catholic Monarchs.
Two distinct artistic styles emerged during the Middle Ages: the Romanesque, characterized by rural churches with round arches, and the Gothic, featuring taller cathedrals with pointed arches and more light.
Transcripts
en el año 476 el poderoso imperio romano
de oriente cae ante los pueblos bárbaros
este hecho da comienzo a una etapa que
conocemos como la edad media un largo
periodo de tiempo que finaliza a finales
del siglo 15 con tres hechos destacables
el descubrimiento de américa en 1492 la
caÃda de constantinopla o imperio romano
de oriente en 1453 y en ese mismo año el
descubrimiento de la imprenta por
guttenberg hola amiguitos soy al bayern
este vÃdeo vamos a ver la edad media en
la penÃnsula ibérica' la edad media se
puede dividir en dos claras etapas la
alta edad media y en la baja edad media
en la alta edad media se vivÃan pseudos
que eran como pueblos dominados por un
castillo donde vivÃa el señor o el noble
aunque la gran mayorÃa eran campesinos y
vivÃan de la agricultura y ganaderÃa
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por otro lado estaba el clero los
sacerdotes y religiosos y por encima del
clero la nobleza se encuentra el rey asÃ
se forma el sistema feudal conocido como
el feudalismo
no está a la baja edad media en esta
época se desarrollan los grupos como se
conocÃan a las ciudades y nace una nueva
clase social la burguesÃa gente que
vivÃa en las ciudades es una época en la
que se construyen grandes catedrales
sola ibérica tras la caÃda del imperio
romano entré a un nuevo pueblo conocido
como los visigodos trasladan la capital
a toledo y es conocido como el reino
visigodo de toledo los visigodos adoptan
en latÃn como lengua el cristianismo
como religión y continúan con las leyes
romanas
larga lista de riesgo de educación
estudiar a nuestros abuelos aunque solo
os voy a nombrar a los más importantes
leovigildo que unifica la penÃnsula
ibérica' recadero que se convierta al
cristianismo y recesvinto significa las
leyes para todas las regiones
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en el año 711 un ejército desde el norte
de áfrica entra por el sur cruzando el
estrecho de gibraltar y en pocos años
con que está casi toda la penÃnsula
ibérica era el ejército musulmán y
formarÃan lo que se conoció como el al
andalus
estos musulmanes traÃan una nueva
relación conocida como el islam el islam
es una religión creada por mahoma en la
penÃnsula arábiga por eso también se les
conoce como árabes es una religión que
estaba en plena expansión el libro
sagrado del islám es el corán su dios es
ala y el lugar de culto y rezo son las
mezquitas
al andaluz un importante centro cultural
del mundo medieval sus sabios
consiguieron grandes avances cientÃficos
en la medicina la astronomÃa y las
matemáticas e introdujeron en europa los
números que utilizamos hoy en dÃa la
ciencia tuvo un lugar importante al
igual que la literatura andalucÃa
escrita en árabe en la arquitectura del
al andalus se usaba el arco de herradura
en la ciudad andaluz y está el alcázar
que era un castillo fortificado el zoco
que era la plaza de mercado o el punto
de reunión la mezquita que era un lugar
de oración y de estudio y por último lo
que rodeaba todo la muralla que protegÃa
a la ciudad y tras ella habÃa barrios
populares y cultivos
en el al andalus se pueden diferenciar
varias etapas entre los años 711 y 756
está el emirato dependiente de córdoba
el emirato obedece al califa ya más como
máximo lÃder religioso y polÃtico del
imperio musulmán
entre los años 750 y 6 929 derraman
primero proclama el emirato
independiente del nuevo califa que se
habÃa establecido en bagdad
entre los años 900 29 y 1.031 abderramán
tercero se proclama califa y pone fin a
la audiencia religiosas y al imperio
creando el califato de córdoba una época
de esplendor cultural
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los años 1000 31 mil 212 el califato se
divide por luchas internas en distintos
reinos conocidos como los reinos de
taifas
los años 1812 1492 los cristianos
continúan conquistando territorios
musulmanes hasta 1492 toman el último
reino andaluz y el reino de granada
como ya hemos dicho el imperio de
al-andalus se expandió por toda la
penÃnsula ibérica' todo todo no al igual
que los cómics de astérix una pequeña
zona del norte de españá resistió con
don pelayo en la batalla de covadonga en
el año 722 esto dio comienzo a una etapa
conocida como la reconquista periodo que
durará hasta el 1492 con la conquista de
granada una etapa en la que ocurrieron
numerosas batallas a la vez en muchas
ciudades convivieron las tres culturas
musulmanes judÃos y cristianos al mismo
tiempo europa tenÃa sus propias guerras
las cruzadas batallas por la conquista
de jerusalén la penÃnsula ibérica según
se iban re conquistando territorios se
formaban los nuevos reinos cristianas
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una parte de los nobles visigodos
huyeron hacia el norte y con don pelayo
formaron el reino de asturias que
iniciaron el avance hacia el sur contra
el al andalus
siglos más tarde este reino pasó a
llamarse reino de león' después castilla
se independizó del reino leonés hasta
que 1230 se unieron los reinos de
castilla y león' conociéndose como la
corona de castilla
por otro lado en el norte se habÃa
creado el reino de navarra y en el oeste
se estaba formando un gran reino que con
la unión de los condados catalanes y los
reinos de mallorca y valencia formarÃan
la corona de aragón
con el matrimonio de isabel la reina de
castilla y fernando el rey de aragón se
unen los dos grandes reinas de la
penÃnsula estos dos reyes se les conoce
como los reyes católicos
en la edad media se pueden diferenciar
dos estilos de arte el arte románico y
el arte gótico
este románico se trata de un arte rural
de iglesias pequeñas con poca luz pocas
ventanas donde se utiliza el arco de
media punta
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el arte gótico se desarrolla en las
ciudades con catedrales más altas y
muros más delgados en su interior es más
luminoso por los grandes ventanales se
utilizan mucho los arcos apuntados
hasta aquà el vÃdeo de la edad media si
te ha gustado dale like y suscrÃbete
para no perderte ninguno de nuestros
vÃdeos hasta la próxima minutos
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