Sejarah Bahasa Indonesia: Kapan Lahir dan Bagaimana Perkembangannya?

Summary

The video script discusses the importance of understanding the history of the Indonesian language, emphasizing its role in unifying the nation during the struggle for independence. It highlights the significance of the 1928 Youth Oath and the 1945 Constitution in legally establishing Indonesian as the national language. The script also touches on the language's evolution in terms of lexicon, semantics, phonology, and grammar.

Takeaways

• 📚 The importance of understanding the history of the Indonesian language for effective perception and attitude towards it.
• 🌏 Bahasa Indonesia emerged from a social struggle for independence, highlighting its role in uniting the nation.
• 🗣️ The Sumpah Pemuda in 1928 was a pivotal moment where Bahasa Indonesia was declared as the unifying language of the nation.
• 🔊 The practical implication of Bahasa Indonesia as a common communication tool for people of diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds.
• 🏛️ The political implication of a shared language fostering a common identity and sense of belonging among the people.
• 📜 The legal birth of Bahasa Indonesia occurred on August 18, 1945, with its recognition in the Constitution of Indonesia.
• 📝 The development of Bahasa Indonesia was significantly accelerated after independence, with the establishment of its own orthography.
• 🔄 Bahasa Indonesia has undergone significant changes in lexicon, semantics, phonology, and grammar over time.
• 📈 The lexicon of Bahasa Indonesia has expanded greatly, with an estimated 120,000 words compared to the 60,000-70,000 in the first KBBI edition.
• 🌱 The continuous evolution of Bahasa Indonesia is a testament to the creativity and needs of the Indonesian people, which will likely lead to an even richer vocabulary in the future.
• 🙏 Expressing gratitude for the inheritance of Bahasa Indonesia and the responsibility to use it correctly and appropriately in various social contexts.

Q & A

What is the significance of learning the history of the Indonesian language?

Learning the history of the Indonesian language is important because it influences our perception of everything around us. Understanding the background and changes that the language has undergone allows us to appreciate and use it more effectively and appropriately.

Why was the Indonesian language chosen as a unifying language during the independence struggle?

The Indonesian language was chosen as a unifying language because it was recognized as having a significant role in uniting a nation. The founding fathers learned from other nations' experiences and understood the importance of a common language in fostering national identity and supporting the struggle for independence.

What is the historical significance of the 1928 Youth Pledge?

The 1928 Youth Pledge is significant because it was during this event that the Indonesian language was declared as the unifying language of the nation, marking a political birth of the language as a symbol of unity and independence.

What are the two key moments in the history of the Indonesian language?

The two key moments are October 28, 1928, when the Indonesian language was politically declared as the unifying language, and August 18, 1945, when the language was legally established as the national language through the Constitution of 1945.

How did the Indonesian language evolve after Indonesia's independence?

After independence, the development of the Indonesian language accelerated. The country established its own spelling system, the 'Ejaan Republik Indonesia' in 1947, and later updated it in 1972 and 2015, reflecting the language's continuous evolution and adaptation to the needs of the nation.

What is the difference between the Indonesian language and the Malay language used in Malaysia?

Although both languages belong to the same language family, the Indonesian language has distinct features and differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar that set it apart from the Malay language used in Malaysia and other regions.

What are the three main aspects through which the changes in the Indonesian language can be analyzed?

The changes in the Indonesian language can be analyzed through the aspects of lexicon, semantics, and phonology. Lexicon refers to the increase in vocabulary, semantics to the evolution of word meanings, and phonology to the changes in pronunciation.

How has the vocabulary of the Indonesian language expanded over time?

The vocabulary of the Indonesian language has significantly expanded, with an estimated 120,000 words in modern usage, compared to around 60,000 to 70,000 words in the first edition of the KBB (Bahasa Indonesia Language Dictionary).

What is the role of the Indonesian language in the daily communication among Indonesians from different regions?

The Indonesian language plays a crucial role in facilitating communication among Indonesians from different regions, allowing for the exchange of ideas and information without cultural barriers, thus promoting unity and understanding within the nation.

Why is it important for young Indonesians to appreciate and use the Indonesian language properly?

It is important for young Indonesians to appreciate and use the Indonesian language properly because it is a significant part of their cultural heritage and national identity. Proper use of the language also reflects respect for the struggles of the past and the ongoing development of the nation.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Indonesian Language History

The speaker, Rahmat Fauzi Budaya, initiates a discussion on the history of the Indonesian language, emphasizing the importance of understanding its origins and evolution. He suggests that knowing the historical context is crucial for appreciating the language's role in unifying the nation. The speaker highlights the significance of the 1928 Youth Pledge, where the Indonesian language was declared as the unifying language, and the intellectual foresight of the nation's founding fathers in recognizing the language's role in national unity. The practical and political implications of this decision are also discussed, showing how a common language facilitates communication and fosters a shared identity.

05:00

🏛️ Legal Birth and Evolution of Indonesian Language

This paragraph delves into the legal and practical aspects of the Indonesian language's development. It mentions that while the language was politically recognized in 1928, its legal birth came with the 1945 Constitution, which declared it as the national language. The speaker discusses the rapid development of the language post-independence, including the establishment of a standardized spelling system. The evolution of Indonesian is traced through various stages, such as the 1949 spelling system, the 1972 'Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan' (Improved Spelling), and the 2015 'Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia' (Indonesian Language Spelling). The speaker also highlights the language's lexical, semantic, phonetic, and grammatical changes, illustrating its dynamic nature and continuous development.

10:02

🌐 The Importance of Indonesian Language in National Unity

The final paragraph concludes the discussion by reiterating the Indonesian language's role in national unity and the importance of appreciating and preserving it. The speaker encourages the audience to learn and use the language correctly, in line with its historical significance and current relevance. The speaker also expresses gratitude for the language, viewing it as a blessing and a privilege for Indonesians to communicate effectively across diverse regions. The paragraph ends with a call for continued appreciation and proper use of the Indonesian language in various social contexts.

Keywords

💡Indonesian Language

The Indonesian language, referred to as 'bahasa Indonesia' in the script, is the official language of Indonesia and serves as a unifying tool among the diverse ethnic groups in the country. It is central to the video's theme, emphasizing its historical significance in the nation's struggle for independence and its role in fostering national unity. The script mentions its origins and evolution, highlighting its transformation from a collection of regional dialects to a standardized national language.

💡Sumpah Pemuda

Sumpah Pemuda, or the Youth Oath, is a significant historical event in Indonesia that took place in 1928. It is mentioned in the script as a pivotal moment when the Indonesian youth pledged to uphold Indonesian as a unifying language. This event is crucial in the narrative as it symbolizes the beginning of the political recognition of Indonesian as a national language, setting the stage for its later legal establishment.

💡National Identity

National identity is a key concept in the script, illustrating how a shared language can foster a sense of belonging among a nation's people. The script discusses how the use of Indonesian language contributes to a common identity, which is essential for a nation striving for independence and unity. It is highlighted as a political implication of adopting a national language, emphasizing its role in building a cohesive national image.

💡Language Metamorphosis

The term 'metamorphosis' in the context of the script refers to the significant changes and developments that the Indonesian language has undergone over time. It is used to describe the transformation of the language from its initial stages to its current form, including changes in vocabulary, semantics, phonology, and grammar. This concept is central to understanding the historical and cultural evolution of the language.

💡Ejaan Republik

Ejaan Republik, or the Republic Spelling, is a specific spelling system for the Indonesian language that was established in 1949. The script mentions this as a milestone in the standardization of the language, distinguishing it from other Malay-based languages. It is an example of how the Indonesian language has been systematically developed and refined over the years.

💡Ejaan Yang Gunakan (EYD)

Ejaan Yang Gunakan, or the Spelling in Use, is another term mentioned in the script, referring to a spelling system that was in effect until 2015. It represents a phase in the language's development, showing how spelling rules have been updated and revised to accommodate the evolving needs and standards of the Indonesian language.

💡Lexicon

The lexicon of a language refers to its vocabulary or the collection of words used in that language. In the script, the expansion of the Indonesian lexicon is discussed, noting how the number of words has grown significantly since the language's inception. This growth is indicative of the language's adaptability and its ability to incorporate new concepts and ideas.

💡Semantics

Semantics in the script refers to the study of meaning in language, highlighting how words in the Indonesian language have changed in meaning over time. This aspect of language evolution is crucial for understanding how language reflects and adapts to societal changes, showing how the Indonesian language has been dynamic and responsive to its users' needs.

💡Phonology

Phonology is the study of the sounds of a language, and in the context of the script, it refers to changes in the pronunciation of words in Indonesian. The script mentions how words that were once pronounced in a certain way are now articulated differently, illustrating the natural evolution of language sounds over time.

💡Grammar

Grammar in the script is used to describe the rules and structures that govern the Indonesian language, particularly how sentences are constructed and ideas are expressed. The script discusses how these grammatical structures have evolved, reflecting the creative and dynamic nature of the language as it adapts to new contexts and purposes.

💡National Language

The term 'national language' is used in the script to denote the official language of a country, in this case, Indonesia. It is emphasized as a crucial element in the nation's identity and unity, particularly in the context of Indonesia's struggle for independence. The script discusses the legal recognition of Indonesian as the national language in 1945, marking a significant step in its formal establishment.

Highlights

The importance of understanding the history of the Indonesian language for effective perception and attitude towards various aspects.

Indonesian language was born from the social struggle for national independence.

The significance of the 1928 Youth Oath in proclaiming Indonesian as the unifying language.

The role of language in uniting a nation, as recognized by the founding fathers during the independence struggle.

Practical implications of adopting Indonesian as a common language for communication across cultural and ethnic backgrounds.

Political implications of a shared language fostering a common identity and sense of belonging among the people.

The symbolic importance of a common language in building a strong national image and pride.

The political birth of Indonesian as a national language on October 28, 1928, during the Youth Oath.

The legal birth of Indonesian as the national language on August 18, 1945, with the proclamation of the 1945 Constitution.

Rapid development of the Indonesian language after independence, with the establishment of its own orthography.

The establishment of the Republic Orthography in 1947, distinguishing Indonesian from Malay dialects.

The introduction of the new orthography in 1972, further solidifying the unique identity of the Indonesian language.

The discontinuation of the 1972 orthography and the adoption of the current Indonesian Language Spelling Guide in 2015.

The transformation of the Indonesian language through lexical, semantic, phonetic, and grammatical aspects.

The significant increase in vocabulary from around 60,000-70,000 words in the first KBB edition to over 120,000 words today.

The evolution of word meanings and semantic shifts in the Indonesian language over time.

Changes in pronunciation and phonetics, reflecting the dynamic nature of the Indonesian language.

Evolution of grammatical structures and sentence formations in Indonesian, adapting to human creativity and needs.

The continuous development and enrichment of the Indonesian language, expected to expand its vocabulary to 1 million words in the future.

The role of the Indonesian language in the independence struggle and its significance as a unifying communication tool for the nation.

The privilege and blessing of having a relatively complete and perfect Indonesian language for communication across the diverse regions of Indonesia.

The importance of appreciating and using the Indonesian language correctly and effectively according to its principles and social contexts.

Transcripts

nge-rap puisi sahabat assalamualaikum

warahmatullah wabarakatuh kawan-kawan

mahasiswa sekalian mulai dengan saya

rahmat fauzi budaya dari jurusan bahasa

dan sastra indonesia universitas negeri

semarang kita ketemu lagi hari ini untuk

melanjutkan diskusi hari ini kita akan

membahas tentang sejarah bahasa

indonesia jadi sebelum kita bicara

tentang hal-hal teknis bagaimana cara

menggunakan bahasa indonesia dengan

kaidah yang baik dan benar coba kita

akan pelajari dulu sebenarnya bahasa

indonesia itu asal mulanya bagaimana dan

bagaimana dia bermetamorfosis sehingga

bisa menjadi seperti sekarang kenapa

belajar sejarah bahasa indonesia itu

diperlukan sebelum kita belajar hal-hal

teknis sejarah itu menurut saya sangat

penting karena akan sangat mempengaruhi

efektif kita persepsi kita terhadap

segala sesuatu jadi kalau kita tahu

latar belakangnya asal-usulnya dan

bagaimana dia mengalami perubahan kita

akan bisa mendudukkan objek itu secara

lebih proporsional entah itu bareng

entah itu manusia entah itu lingkungan

apapun nah persepsi kita akan

mempengaruhi perilaku dan sikap kita

terhadap objek pertanggungan tersebut

oleh karena itu supaya kita memiliki

apresiasi memiliki sikap yang positif

terhadap bahasa indonesia kita akan

pelajari sejarah bahasa indonesia baik

menurut kalian hal pertama yang perlu

kita pelajari untuk memahami sejarah

bahasa indonesia adalah latar sosial

budayanya jadi teman-teman sekalian kita

perlu pahami bahwa bahasa indonesia itu

lahir dari latar sosial perjuangan

kemerdekaan bangsa indonesia kita tahu

bahwa

eh pada masa pra kemerdekaan bangsa kita

leluhur kita itu sedang berjuang sekuat

tenaga membebaskan diri dari cengkraman

penjajahan nah oleh karena itu ada

momen-momen yang sangat penting misalnya

pada 1928 ketika terjadi sumpah pemuda

ya disaat itulah leluhur kita

mengikrarkan bahwa menjunjung tinggi

bahasa persatuan yaitu bahasa indonesia

nah kenapa pada momen sumpah pemuda itu

diikrarkan bahwa bahasa indonesia adalah

bahasa persatuan kita para leluhur kita

para fanding fathers kita itu

orang-orang yang sangat cerdas

orang-orang yang memiliki

intelektualitas tinggi mereka tahu bahwa

bahasa punya peran penting dalam

mempersatukan sebuah bangsa mereka

belajar dari bangsa-bangsa lain yang

kelahirannya pada akhir abad 19 itu

sudah mereka pelajari polanya reaksi

afrika asia maupun amerika latin dan

mereka tahu bahwa bahasa memiliki peran

besar dalam menyatukan

dan bangsa indonesia yang pengen merdeka

itu nah karena itulah teman-teman

sekalian ketik kata-katanya sumpah

pemuda salah satu hal yang lingkarkan

adalah bahasa persatuan yaitu bahasa

indonesia ini memiliki dua implikasi

yang pertama implikasi praktis yang

kedua implikasi politis apa implikasi

praktisnya ketika kita sudah

mengikrarkan bahasa indonesia sebagai

bahasa persatuan orang-orang dari

berbagai latar belakang kebudayaan dan

suku memiliki alat komunikasi yang sama

sehingga bisa berkomunikasi dengan

lancar nah kelancaran bertukar informasi

adalah kondisi yang sangat menunjang

perjuangan kemerdekaan kita bahasa

indonesia memungkinkan pertukaran

informasi melampaui kendala budaya yang

pada saat itu ada itu aspek taktis nya

sementara itu ada aspek politiknya juga

orang-orang yang menggunakan bahasa yang

sama cenderung memiliki identitas yang

sama

oleh karena itu mereka merasa berada

pada entitas atau komunitas yang sama

nah perasaan strip ada pada entitas atau

komunitas yang sama itu kan perasaan

yang sangat penting dimiliki oleh sebuah

bangsa besar yang pengen menjadi bangsa

yang merdeka kita pernah belajar kepada

venedig enderson misalnya bahwa rasa

berbangsa itu pada dasarnya adalah rasa

yang dibangun oleh satu image nah ketika

kita memiliki bahasa yang sama

simbol-simbol yang sama identitas yang

sama imaji kebangsaan kita menjadi

semakin besar nah selanjutnya

teman-teman kalian berarti kalau begitu

bahasa indonesia lahirnya kapan nah ada

dua titik penting atau ada dua momentum

yang bisa kita gunakan untuk menjawab

bahasa indonesia itu akhirnya kapan

secara politis bahasa indonesia sudah

lahir

cek 28oktober 1928 yaitu ketika bahasa

indonesia diikrarkan ya sebagai bahasa

persatuan tetapi secara yuridis bahasa

indonesia baru lahir pada 18 agustus

1945 yaitu ketika undang-undang dasar

1945 di resmi diundangkan ya ada pasal

36 telah disebutkan secara tegas bahwa

bahasa negara adalah bahasa indonesia

oleh karena itu berarti ada dua titik

penting yaitu 1928 bahasa indonesia

lahir secara politis dan 19 45 bahasa

indonesia lahir secara yuridis saja

teman-teman sekalian setelah diundangkan

pada 194 puluh lima itu bahasa indonesia

secara resmi berdasarkan konstitusi

diakui sebagai bahasa negara

bahasa persatuan kita ya nah kemudian

pada saat itulah eh perkembangan bahasa

indonesia di mulai dengan sangat pesat

nah setelah merdeka badai 1947 dan baru

kita membuat dan mengesahkan satu sistem

ejaan sendiri yang bernama ejaan

republik ini membuat bahasa indonesia

memiliki ciri yang berbeda dengan bahasa

melayu meskipun secara apa spesies

jarahan secara kekeluargaan itu masih

satu rumpun bahasa indonesia memiliki

perbedaan dengan bahasa melayu sebagai

bahasa daerah di riau dan sekitarnya

bahasa indonesia juga punya perbedaan

dengan bahasa melayu sebagai bahasa yang

digunakan oleh masyarakat malaysia nah

pada saat itulah identitas kita sebagai

satu bahasa terus berkembang persatu 9

49 kita menetapkan satu ejaan bernama

ejaan republik kemudian 1972 kita sudah

menetapkan ejaan baru lagi bernama ejaan

yang

gunakan atau yeti kemudian pada tahun

2015 kemarin ini dinyatakan tidak

berlaku dan hari ini kita menggunakan

ejaan bahasa indonesia atau part pedoman

umum ejaan bahasa indonesia atau bank

wifi artinya bahasa indonesia tuh

mengalami metamorfosis yang cukup jauh

dan cukup panjang yang membuat

keberadaannya itu semakin apa berubah

semakin lengkap ya nah perubahan bahasa

indonesia itu sendiri dapat kita

telusuri melalui 3 3/4 aspek ya yang

pertama dari aspek leksikon jelas bahwa

kita memiliki kosakata yang jauh lebih

banyak daripada pada tahun 1945 hari ini

juga mau sebesar bahasa indonesia

sendiri itu sekitar ada 120.000 pernah

kata yang sudah masuk m3 berbeda jauh

dengan kbb edisi pertama yang jumlahnya

sekitar 60.000 atau 70.000 kosakata ya

hai perubahan bahasa indonesia yang

ketua itu berada pada aspek semantik ya

secara teoritis kata-kata itu mengalami

perubahan makna kata-kata yang pada

periode tertentu memiliki makna demikian

sekarang sudah bergeser maknanya

demikian kemudian ada juga perubahan

pada aspek fonologi aspek fonologi

maksudnya adalah aspek pengucapan

kata-kata yang mudah mencuri diucapkan

dengan demikian maka hari ini diucapkan

dengan bunyi yang berbeda meskipun

maksudnya sama itu perubahan dari aspek

fonologi sementara itu ada juga

perubahan dari aspek gramatikal cara

kita menyusun kalimat menyatakan

pendapat gagasan menggunakan kalimat itu

berbeda dengan pada tahun 1940 56 dengan

sekarang karena kreativitas manusia

berbahasa itu terus berkembang dan

pola-pola kalimat baru juga terus

tercipta karena itu bahasa indonesia

yang hari ini kita gunakan adalah bahasa

indonesia

udah bermetamorfosis cukup panjang cukup

lama menjadi semakin lengkap menjadi

semakin sempurna meskipun sebagai sebuah

bahasa tidak ada bahasa yang sempurna

fase itu harus terus berkembang dinamis

suatu saat bahasa indonesia akan terus

menambah kosakatanya sampai 200 rp1.300

satu juta barangkali karena kreativitas

dan kebutuhan orang indonesia itu juga

semakin berkembang nah telur kalian itu

dia diskusi singkat tentang sejarah

bahasa indonesia dari diskusi singkat

tadi kita bisa ambil pelajaran bahwa

bahasa indonesia itu memiliki peran

penting dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan

indonesia kita sebagai anak muda yang

sudah diwarisi bahasa indonesia juga

relatif sangat beruntung karena memiliki

alat komunikasi yang sudah relatif

lengkap yang sudah telat sempurna untuk

berbagai keperluan ada negara-negara

yang belum memiliki bahasa persatuan

sehingga komunikasi antar warganya itu

sendiri

pun sulit dilakukan dengan lancar nah

kita sudah bisa berkomunikasi dengan

lancar dengan orang-orang dari berbagai

daerah di seluruh indonesia ini

merupakan suatu keberuntungan dan berkah

tersendiri bagi kita salah karena itu

saya kira ungkapan syukur yang paling

tepat untuk mensyukuri eh warisan bahasa

indonesia itu sendiri adalah kita

mempelajarinya dan kita menggunakan

bahasa indonesia sesuai dengan kaidah

sesuai dengan keperluan sesuai dengan

situasi sosial yang baik dan benar

mudah-mudahan diskusi singkat ini

bermanfaat untuk kawan-kawan kita ketemu

lagi di diskusi-diskusi yang akan datang

saraf atau teguran assalamualaikum

warahmatullah wabarakatuh ya