How to Raise Successful Kids -- Without Over-Parenting | Julie Lythcott-Haims | TED

Summary

このスクリプトでは、現代の親が子供たちに課す「チェックリスト式の子供時代」に批判を寄せています。親が子供たちに成績や評価を重視しすぎることで、子供たちが自己実現の機会を奪われ、自己効力感を築くことができないと指摘しています。代わりに、子供たちに家事をさせ、愛情を与えることの重要性を説き、成功と幸せはトップクラスの大学に入ることや成績だけではなく、人間関係や自己効力感にもあると主張しています。

Takeaways

• 👨‍👧 親の関与が子供の育成に欠かせないですが、過剰な保護や管理は子供の自己実現を阻害する可能性がある。
• 📋 現代の親は子供たちに「チェックリスト式の子供時代」を強いることで、子供たちの自由な遊びや自己成長の時間を奪っている。
• 🏆 成績や評価、賞賛が子供の価値観に影響を与え、親の承認や愛情を得るために彼らは常に完璧さを求められる。
• 🤹‍♂️ 子供たちは自由遊びの時間を失い、すべての活動が将来に向けた重要なステップと見なされる。
• 🛌 子供たちは家事の手伝いや十分な睡眠を欠いていて、チェックリストの項目を完了することが彼らの全てになる。
• 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 親は子供たちの生活に関与しすぎることで、子供たちが自己効力（self-efficacy）を築く機会を奪っている。
• 🏠 子供が家事をすることで、将来の職場での成功につながる「腕をあげて協力する姿勢」を学べる。
• 💞 人生の幸せは人との愛情から来るため、子供たちはまず自分自身を愛する能力を学ばなければならない。
• 📚 成績や評価を過度に重視しすぎず、子供たちがどこであっても成功するための心構えやスキルを育むことが重要である。
• 🎓 大学院やキャリアの選択において、親は子供たちが持つ可能性や希望する道を尊重し、子供たちの自己決定を支援することが求められる。
• 🌼 子供たちは人差し指になれる小さな盆栽の木ではなく、それぞれ独自の種類の花である。親の役割は彼らの成長を支援し、彼ら自身の輝く姿に育てる環境を提供することである。

Outlines

00:00

👨‍👧 親の過剰な関与が子供に与える影響

この段落では、現代の親が子供たちに与える過剰な保護と関与が、子供たちが自己実現の道を阻んでいると指摘しています。親が子供たちを成功させるために、彼らの教育や育て方において、常に介入し、すべての瞬間に関与し、細かい管理を行っていることが、子供たちの自由な遊びの時間を奪い、彼らが自己効力を築く機会を奪っていることを批判しています。また、親が子供たちに求めている完璧さを、彼ら自身が求められていたレベルよりも高めていることも問題視されています。

05:02

🏫 親の期待と子供の自己効力

第2段落では、親が子供たちに課す期待が、彼らの自己効力を築くことを妨げていると述べています。自己効力とは、自分の行動が結果を生むことを通じて築かれる心理的な基礎であり、親が子供の代わりに行動することでは得られないものです。親は、子供たちが大学進学やキャリアに必要なスキルセットや心構えを身につけるために、彼らに自立させる必要があると主張しています。また、子供たちが成功するためには、親が関与を減らし、子供自身が計画や決定、行動を通じて学ぶことが重要であると語っています。

10:02

💖 子供の愛と自己愛

最後の段落では、子供たちが他人を愛する前に自己愛を学び、そして親が子供に与える無条件の愛が重要であると語っています。親は、子供たちが学校から帰ってきたときや仕事から帰宅したとき、技術を閉じて子供と向き合い、彼らの一日を関心を持つことが必要です。子供たちが自己効力を築くためには、親が彼らの人間としての価値を認識し、GPAや成績ではなく、人間として彼らを大切にすることが不可欠です。また、子供たちの成功と幸福は、一流のブランド名門大学に進学する必要はなく、子供たちの自己実現と愛に重点を置くことが求められていると結び付けています。

Transcripts

You know, I didn't set out to be a parenting expert.

In fact, I'm not very interested in parenting, per Se.

It's just that there's a certain style of parenting these days

that is kind of messing up kids,

impeding their chances to develop into theirselves.

There's a certain style of parenting these days

that's getting in the way.

I guess what I'm saying is,

we spend a lot of time being very concerned

about parents who aren't involved enough in the lives of their kids

and their education or their upbringing,

and rightly so.

But at the other end of the spectrum,

there's a lot of harm going on there as well,

where parents feel a kid can't be successful

unless the parent is protecting and preventing at every turn

and hovering over every happening, and micromanaging every moment,

and steering their kid towards some small subset of colleges and careers.

When we raise kids this way,

and I'll say we,

because Lord knows, in raising my two teenagers,

I've had these tendencies myself,

our kids end up leading a kind of checklisted childhood.

And here's what the checklisted childhood looks like.

We keep them safe and sound

and fed and watered,

and then we want to be sure they go to the right schools,

that they're in the right classes at the right schools,

and that they get the right grades in the right classes in the right schools.

But not just the grades, the scores,

and not just the grades and scores, but the accolades and the awards

and the sports, the activities, the leadership.

We tell our kids, don't just join a club,

start a club, because colleges want to see that.

And check the box for community service.

I mean, show the colleges you care about others.

(Laughter)

And all of this is done to some hoped-for degree of perfection.

We expect our kids to perform at a level of perfection

we were never asked to perform at ourselves,

and so because so much is required,

we think,

well then, of course we parents have to argue with every teacher

and principal and coach and referee

and act like our kid's concierge

and personal handler

and secretary.

And then with our kids, our precious kids,

we spend so much time nudging,

cajoling, hinting, helping, haggling, nagging as the case may be,

to be sure they're not screwing up,

not closing doors,

not ruining their future,

some hoped-for admission

to a tiny handful of colleges

that deny almost every applicant.

And here's what it feels like to be a kid in this checklisted childhood.

First of all, there's no time for free play.

There's no room in the afternoons,

because everything has to be enriching, we think.

It's as if every piece of homework, every quiz, every activity

is a make-or-break moment for this future we have in mind for them,

and we absolve them of helping out around the house,

and we even absolve them of getting enough sleep

as long as they're checking off the items on their checklist.

And in the checklisted childhood, we say we just want them to be happy,

but when they come home from school,

what we ask about all too often first

is their homework and their grades.

And they see in our faces

that our approval, that our love,

that their very worth,

comes from A's.

And then we walk alongside them

and offer clucking praise like a trainer at the Westminster Dog Show --

(Laughter)

coaxing them to just jump a little higher and soar a little farther,

day after day after day.

And when they get to high school,

they don't say, "Well, what might I be interested in studying

or doing as an activity?"

They go to counselors and they say,

"What do I need to do to get into the right college?"

And then, when the grades start to roll in in high school,

and they're getting some B's,

or God forbid some C's,

they frantically text their friends

and say, "Has anyone ever gotten into the right college with these grades?"

And our kids,

regardless of where they end up at the end of high school,

they're breathless.

They're brittle.

They're a little burned out.

They're a little old before their time,

wishing the grown-ups in their lives had said, "What you've done is enough,

this effort you've put forth in childhood is enough."

And they're withering now under high rates of anxiety and depression

and some of them are wondering,

will this life ever turn out to have been worth it?

Well, we parents,

we parents are pretty sure it's all worth it.

We seem to behave --

it's like we literally think they will have no future

if they don't get into one of these tiny set of colleges or careers

we have in mind for them.

Or maybe, maybe, we're just afraid

they won't have a future we can brag about

to our friends and with stickers on the backs of our cars.

Yeah.

(Applause)

But if you look at what we've done,

if you have the courage to really look at it,

you'll see that not only do our kids think their worth comes

from grades and scores,

but that when we live right up inside their precious developing minds

all the time, like our very own version of the movie "Being John Malkovich,"

we send our children the message:

"Hey kid, I don't think you can actually achieve any of this without me."

And so with our overhelp,

our overprotection and overdirection and hand-holding,

we deprive our kids of the chance to build self-efficacy,

which is a really fundamental tenet of the human psyche,

far more important than that self-esteem they get

every time we applaud.

Self-efficacy is built when one sees that one's own actions lead to outcomes,

not --

There you go.

(Applause)

Not one's parents' actions on one's behalf,

but when one's own actions lead to outcomes.

So simply put,

if our children are to develop self-efficacy, and they must,

then they have to do a whole lot more of the thinking, planning, deciding,

doing, hoping, coping, trial and error,

dreaming and experiencing of life

for themselves.

Now, am I saying

every kid is hard-working and motivated

and doesn't need a parent's involvement or interest in their lives,

and we should just back off and let go?

Hell no.

(Laughter)

That is not what I'm saying.

What I'm saying is, when we treat grades and scores and accolades and awards

as the purpose of childhood,

all in furtherance of some hoped-for admission to a tiny number of colleges

or entrance to a small number of careers,

that that's too narrow a definition of success for our kids.

And even though we might help them achieve some short-term wins

by overhelping --

like they get a better grade if we help them do their homework,

they might end up with a longer childhood résumé when we help --

what I'm saying is that all of this comes at a long-term cost

to their sense of self.

What I'm saying is, we should be less concerned

with the specific set of colleges

they might be able to apply to or might get into

and far more concerned that they have the habits, the mindset, the skill set,

the wellness, to be successful wherever they go.

What I'm saying is,

our kids need us to be a little less obsessed with grades and scores

and a whole lot more interested

in childhood providing a foundation for their success

built on things like love

and chores.

(Laughter)

(Applause)

Did I just say chores? Did I just say chores? I really did.

But really, here's why.

The longest longitudinal study of humans ever conducted

is called the Harvard Grant Study.

It found that professional success in life,

which is what we want for our kids,

that professional success in life comes from having done chores as a kid,

and the earlier you started, the better,

that a roll-up-your-sleeves- and-pitch-in mindset,

a mindset that says, there's some unpleasant work,

someone's got to do it, it might as well be me,

a mindset that says,

I will contribute my effort to the betterment of the whole,

that that's what gets you ahead in the workplace.

Now, we all know this. You know this.

(Applause)

We all know this, and yet, in the checklisted childhood,

we absolve our kids of doing the work of chores around the house,

and then they end up as young adults in the workplace

still waiting for a checklist,

but it doesn't exist,

and more importantly, lacking the impulse, the instinct

to roll up their sleeves and pitch in

and look around and wonder, how can I be useful to my colleagues?

How can I anticipate a few steps ahead to what my boss might need?

A second very important finding from the Harvard Grant Study

said that happiness in life

comes from love,

not love of work,

love of humans:

our spouse, our partner, our friends, our family.

So childhood needs to teach our kids how to love,

and they can't love others if they don't first love themselves,

and they won't love themselves if we can't offer them unconditional love.

(Applause)

Right.

And so,

instead of being obsessed with grades and scores

when our precious offspring come home from school,

or we come home from work,

we need to close our technology, put away our phones,

and look them in the eye

and let them see the joy that fills our faces

when we see our child for the first time in a few hours.

And then we have to say,

"How was your day?

What did you like about today?"

And when your teenage daughter says, "Lunch," like mine did,

and I want to hear about the math test,

not lunch,

you have to still take an interest in lunch.

You gotta say, "What was great about lunch today?"

They need to know they matter to us as humans,

not because of their GPA.

All right, so you're thinking, chores and love,

that sounds all well and good, but give me a break.

The colleges want to see top scores and grades

and accolades and awards, and I'm going to tell you, sort of.

The very biggest brand-name schools are asking that of our young adults,

but here's the good news.

Contrary to what the college rankings racket would have us believe --

(Applause)

you don't have to go to one of the biggest brand name schools

to be happy and successful in life.

Happy and successful people went to state school,

went to a small college no one has heard of,

went to community college,

went to a college over here and flunked out.

(Applause)

The evidence is in this room, is in our communities,

that this is the truth.

And if we could widen our blinders

and be willing to look at a few more colleges,

maybe remove our own egos from the equation,

we could accept and embrace this truth and then realize,

it is hardly the end of the world

if our kids don't go to one of those big brand-name schools.

And more importantly,

if their childhood has not been lived according to a tyrannical checklist

then when they get to college,

whichever one it is,

well, they'll have gone there on their own volition,

fueled by their own desire,

capable and ready to thrive there.

I have to admit something to you.

I've got two kids I mentioned, Sawyer and Avery.

They're teenagers.

And once upon a time,

I think I was treating my Sawyer and Avery

like little bonsai trees --

(Laughter)

that I was going to carefully clip and prune

and shape into some perfect form of a human

that might just be perfect enough to warrant them admission

to one of the most highly selective colleges.

But I've come to realize, after working with thousands of other people's kids --

(Laughter)

and raising two kids of my own,

my kids aren't bonsai trees.

They're wildflowers

of an unknown genus and species --

(Laughter)

and it's my job to provide a nourishing environment,

to strengthen them through chores

and to love them so they can love others and receive love

and the college, the major, the career,

that's up to them.

My job is not to make them become what I would have them become,

but to support them in becoming their glorious selves.

Thank you.

(Applause)