MORFOLOGI AKAR

Summary

In this video, the presenter explains the morphology of plant roots, covering their structure, functions, and different types. Roots are the underground part of the plant that anchor it, absorb water and nutrients, and store food. The video delves into the anatomy of roots, including the neck, primary root, root hairs, and root tip. It also explains the differences between taproot and fibrous root systems, highlighting examples like carrots and orchids. The video concludes with an exploration of root adaptations, such as pneumatophores in mangrove trees and prop roots for support.

Takeaways

• 😀 The root (Radix) is the underground part of the plant that grows towards the center of the Earth and away from light.
• 😀 The root structure consists of several parts, including the root collar (colum), root body (corpus radicis), and lateral roots (radices laterales).
• 😀 Root hairs (pilus radicalis) extend from the root branches to increase the surface area for absorption.
• 😀 The root tip (apex radicallis) is made of young, rapidly growing tissue and contains a protective cap called the calyptra.
• 😀 During embryonic development, the root begins as a radicle and develops into a primary root (radix primaria).
• 😀 Primary roots can develop into a taproot system, typically found in dicots, or a fibrous root system in monocots.
• 😀 Taproots can store food, like in plants such as carrots and radishes, while fibrous roots spread out from the base of the stem.
• 😀 Roots grow in response to gravity (geotropism) and water (hydrotropism), and they generally avoid light.
• 😀 Root systems can be unique, with adaptations for specific purposes like air or water absorption, as seen in aerial roots (Radix aureus) or pneumatophores in mangroves.
• 😀 Specialized root forms include fusiform (e.g., carrots), napiform (e.g., bengkoang), and filiform (e.g., katok), which have varying shapes and sizes for different functions.
• 😀 Some roots, like the prop roots of certain plants, emerge from the stem and enter the soil to support the plant's structure.

Q & A

What are the main parts of a plant's morphology as mentioned in the transcript?

The main parts of plant morphology mentioned are the root (akar), stem (batang), leaf (daun), flower (bunga), fruit (buah), and seed (biji).

What is the function of the root in plants?

The root serves to anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and nutrients, store food, and support the plant's growth.

What is the 'root cap' (calyptra), and what is its purpose?

The root cap (calyptra) is a protective covering at the tip of the root, which helps protect the young and delicate root tissues as they push through the soil.

What are the key structural components of a root?

The key structural components of a root include the neck (leher), main root (sumbu akar), lateral roots (radix lateralis), root hairs (pilus radicalis), and the root tip (apex radicallis) with its root cap (calyptra).

What is the difference between fibrous roots and taproots?

Fibrous roots consist of many roots that arise from the base of the stem and do not form a dominant primary root, while taproots have a single, large primary root that grows deeper into the soil.

What are 'storage taproots', and which plants are examples?

Storage taproots are specialized roots that store food for the plant. Examples include carrots, radishes, and beets.

How do aerial roots function in plants?

Aerial roots grow above the ground and help the plant absorb water and gases from the air, especially in plants like orchids.

What are 'breathing roots' and where can they be found?

Breathing roots, also called pneumatophores, grow above the ground to help plants in waterlogged areas, like mangroves, to breathe.

What is the purpose of root hairs in plants?

Root hairs increase the surface area of the root, which allows for more efficient absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.

How does the root growth respond to gravity?

Root growth follows gravitropism, meaning roots grow downwards towards the center of the Earth in response to gravity.