Anatomia Humana Básica - UN1 - Vídeo 01

Summary

Professor Gislaine introduces the basics of human anatomy, starting with its definition and historical origins. She explains the levels of organization in the human body, from the chemical level up to the full organizational system. The lesson covers key concepts like the anatomical position and planes, the skeletal system, and its functions. The skeletal system's role in movement, support, and mineral storage is highlighted, along with bone classifications. Finally, the professor dives into the division of the skeleton into axial and appendicular categories, finishing with the five morphological classifications of bones.

Takeaways

• 😀 Human anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body, including both macroscopic and microscopic aspects.
• 😀 Anatomy serves as a foundational subject for understanding other disciplines like physiology and pathology.
• 😀 The levels of organization in the human body include the chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism levels.
• 😀 The chemical level involves atoms like carbon and oxygen forming molecules that create cells with specific functions.
• 😀 The anatomical position is the standard reference posture where the body is upright, facing forward, and with palms facing forward.
• 😀 Anatomical planes, such as the median, frontal, and transverse planes, are imaginary lines dividing the body into different sections.
• 😀 The skeletal system consists of bones that provide support, protection, and assist in movement. It also stores minerals and produces blood cells.
• 😀 The epiphyseal line, found in long bones, is responsible for bone growth during childhood, and it disappears after puberty.
• 😀 The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, divided into the axial skeleton (center of the body) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs).
• 😀 Bones are classified morphologically into five types: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones, each with specific functions and shapes.

Q & A

What is the origin of the term 'anatomy'?

The term 'anatomy' comes from the Greek word meaning 'to cut into parts,' reflecting how the study of the human body originated through dissection.

What are the basic levels of organization in the human body?

The levels of organization in the human body are: 1) Chemical level, 2) Cellular level, 3) Tissue level, 4) Organ level, 5) Systemic level, and 6) Organismal level.

What defines the anatomical position of the body?

The anatomical position is when a person is standing upright with feet fixed on the ground, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward.

What are the three main anatomical planes?

The three main anatomical planes are the median plane (dividing the body into right and left sides), the frontal (coronal) plane (dividing the body into front and back), and the transverse plane (dividing the body into upper and lower parts).

What are the key functions of the skeletal system?

The skeletal system provides support and protection, facilitates movement through muscle attachment, stores and releases minerals like calcium, and houses bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

What is the epiphyseal line, and what role does it play in bone growth?

The epiphyseal line is a cartilaginous tissue found in long bones, such as the femur and arm bones. It is responsible for the lengthening of bones during growth, and it disappears after puberty.

How is the human skeleton divided?

The human skeleton is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton, which consists of the limbs and their attachments.

How many bones does an adult human skeleton have?

An adult human skeleton has 206 bones.

What are the five morphological classifications of bones?

The five classifications are: 1) Long bones (e.g., arm and leg bones), 2) Short bones (e.g., carpal and tarsal bones), 3) Flat bones (e.g., sternum), 4) Irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae), and 5) Sesamoid bones (e.g., patella).

What is the function of sesamoid bones, and can you provide an example?

Sesamoid bones are embedded within tendons and function to protect tendons from stress and wear. An example is the patella (kneecap), which protects the anterior ligaments of the knee.