SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM DI INDONESIA

Summary

The transcript details the evolution of Indonesia's educational curriculum from 1947 to 2013. It begins with the shift from Dutch colonial education to a national system focused on Pancasila, national interests, and character education. Over time, reforms like the 1952 curriculum emphasized teacher professionalism and contextual learning, while the 1964 and 1968 curricula introduced programs focused on moral development and the Pancasila spirit. Later curricula, including the 1975 and 1984 versions, increasingly emphasized student-centered learning, competency development, and instructional objectives. The 2013 curriculum balances hard and soft skills, incorporating a scientific approach, project-based learning, and process-oriented assessments.

Takeaways

• 😀 The 1947 curriculum shifted Indonesia's education focus from Dutch colonial influences to national interests, emphasizing character education over mental education.
• 😀 The 1952 curriculum introduced clearer subject syllabi, emphasizing teacher professionalism and contextual learning linked to everyday life.
• 😀 The 1964 curriculum introduced the Pancawardhana program, which focused on developing creativity, willpower, work ethic, and morals.
• 😀 The 1968 curriculum emphasized the development of the Pancasila spirit, basic knowledge, and special skills, aligning with the 1945 Constitution's implementation.
• 😀 The 1975 curriculum adopted a structured instructional system based on 'Management by Objectives' (MBO), which required teachers to align their lessons with clear objectives.
• 😀 The 1984 curriculum introduced the CBSA (Active Student Learning) method, placing students at the center of the learning process and focusing on process skills.
• 😀 The 1994 curriculum shifted from a semester to a quarterly system, focusing on understanding concepts, skills, and problem-solving abilities.
• 😀 The 2004 Competency-Based Curriculum (KBK) focused on developing specific competencies with measurable standards and emphasized meaningful learning experiences.
• 😀 The 2006 KTSP curriculum gave teachers more freedom to adapt learning plans to the local context, allowing for greater flexibility in how lessons were taught.
• 😀 The 2013 curriculum aims to balance hard and soft skills, integrating scientific approaches like inquiry-based learning and project-based learning, and focusing on process-oriented assessments.

Q & A

What was the primary focus of the 1947 lesson plan curriculum in Indonesia?

The 1947 lesson plan curriculum focused on shifting education from the Dutch colonial system to one that prioritized national interests, with an emphasis on character education and the implementation of Pancasila as a guiding principle.

How did the 1952 detailed curriculum improve upon the 1947 lesson plan?

The 1952 detailed curriculum clarified subject syllabi, ensuring that each teacher taught one specific subject. It also emphasized the importance of teaching content linked to real-life situations, thus introducing the concept of contextual learning and enhancing teacher professionalism.

What was the Pancawardhana program in the 1964 curriculum?

The Pancawardhana program in the 1964 curriculum aimed to develop creativity, willpower, work ethic, and morals in students. It focused on holistic student development, emphasizing both academic knowledge and character-building.

What were the key changes in the 1968 curriculum compared to the 1964 curriculum?

The 1968 curriculum replaced the Pancawardhana program with SS3, focusing on the development of the Pancasila spirit, basic knowledge, and special skills. The curriculum also shifted toward a more consistent application of the 1945 Constitution.

What did the 1975 curriculum introduce in terms of teaching and learning administration?

The 1975 curriculum introduced the concept of Management by Objectives (MBO) and instructional system development procedures (ISDP), which included specific teaching objectives, lesson materials, teaching methods, and evaluations, standardizing the planning process for teachers.

How did the 1984 curriculum differ from its predecessors?

The 1984 curriculum introduced a student-centered approach, emphasizing active student participation in the learning process. It also focused on process skills, with teachers required to analyze instructional objectives before selecting materials and methods.

What significant changes were made in the 1994 curriculum?

The 1994 curriculum introduced a quarterly system instead of the previous semester system. It also emphasized three major goals: understanding concepts, developing skills, and solving problems. The curriculum aimed to foster deeper comprehension and practical abilities in students.

What were the core principles of the 2004 Competency-Based Curriculum (KBK)?

The 2004 KBK focused on developing students' competencies for specific tasks, with an emphasis on meeting standard competencies. It aimed to ensure that students had meaningful learning experiences, leading to tangible results and impacts on their skills and knowledge.

What was the main feature of the 2006 Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP)?

The 2006 KTSP gave teachers more freedom to plan lessons based on their students' and schools' specific conditions. It introduced a flexible approach that allowed local adjustments while maintaining national education goals.

What are the defining characteristics of the 2013 curriculum?

The 2013 curriculum aimed to balance hard and soft skills, with a focus on graduate competency standards. It emphasized student-centered learning, the scientific approach, and higher-level thinking skills such as discovery learning, project-based learning, and problem-based learning.