2023 Meet 7 Akuntansi Management : Biaya Relevan UntukPengambilan Keputusan Taktis

Summary

This video lecture covers key aspects of tactical decision-making in managerial accounting, focusing on relevant costs for decision-making. It outlines the decision-making process step-by-step, starting from recognizing problems to selecting the best alternative. The importance of considering both quantitative factors like costs and qualitative aspects such as product quality and supplier reliability is emphasized. Additionally, ethical considerations and the relevance of resource costs are discussed. The lecture also highlights various decision models, including whether to make or buy, discontinue or continue, and accept or reject special orders. Finally, pricing strategies like cost-based pricing and target costing are explained.

Takeaways

• 😀 Tactics-based decision making involves choosing strategies that will help achieve long-term goals using relevant cost accounting data.
• 😀 The decision-making process in management accounting involves steps like identifying the problem, evaluating alternatives, and calculating relevant costs.
• 😀 Recognizing relevant costs is essential for tactical decision making—these costs should be future-based and differ between alternatives.
• 😀 Ethical considerations in decision making highlight the importance of balancing short-term objectives with long-term sustainability and moral responsibilities.
• 😀 Relevant costs are those that change depending on the decision, while irrelevant costs do not impact the decision-making process.
• 😀 Tactical decisions may involve choices such as whether to produce internally or outsource, discontinue or continue a product line, or accept special orders.
• 😀 The step-by-step process for tactical decision-making includes identifying the problem, listing alternatives, analyzing costs and benefits, and considering qualitative factors.
• 😀 Decision makers need to evaluate not only quantitative factors like cost but also qualitative factors such as product quality and supplier reliability.
• 😀 In decisions regarding whether to process a product further, managers assess whether additional processing leads to higher profits and whether the market demand exists.
• 😀 A cost-based pricing approach is commonly used to determine product prices by adding a markup on the base cost to ensure a profit margin.
• 😀 Legal aspects of pricing include ensuring fair competition, avoiding predatory pricing, and preventing unfair price discrimination in the market.

Q & A

What is tactical decision making in managerial accounting?

Tactical decision making involves choosing strategies or alternatives that directly impact short-term objectives. The goal is to select alternatives that lead to the most favorable results for the company in the near term.

What are the steps in the tactical decision-making process?

The steps include: 1) Identifying and defining the problem, 2) Identifying feasible alternatives, 3) Identifying the relevant and irrelevant costs and benefits, 4) Calculating the total relevant costs and benefits for each alternative, 5) Considering qualitative factors like quality and reliability, and 6) Making the decision by selecting the alternative with the highest overall benefit.

What is the significance of identifying relevant costs in tactical decision making?

Relevant costs are future costs that differ between alternatives and directly impact the decision-making process. Identifying these costs ensures that the decision is based on accurate financial implications and avoids unnecessary costs.

How are fixed costs treated in tactical decision making?

Fixed costs are generally considered irrelevant in tactical decision making unless there is a change in capacity or operations. They remain constant regardless of the decision made, so they do not influence the choice between alternatives.

What role do qualitative factors play in tactical decision making?

Qualitative factors, such as product quality, supplier reliability, or employee relations, are important considerations when making decisions. These factors can have a significant long-term impact that financial calculations may not fully capture.

What is the ethical consideration in tactical decision making?

Ethical considerations involve ensuring that decisions align with long-term company goals and stakeholder interests, rather than focusing solely on short-term gains. Ethical dilemmas arise when managers prioritize immediate profits over the well-being of employees, customers, or the broader community.

How does the concept of 'relevant costs' relate to decision-making in resource allocation?

Relevant costs are essential in resource allocation because they represent the expenses that will change depending on the decision made. They help prioritize the most cost-effective use of resources to achieve optimal outcomes.

What is the difference between flexible and committed resources in decision-making?

Flexible resources are those that can be obtained easily and in the quantity needed, such as electricity. Committed resources are those that are acquired in advance, like employee salaries, and may or may not be relevant depending on changes in demand or activity.

How do 'make or buy' decisions affect a company's strategy?

The 'make or buy' decision considers whether to produce an item internally or purchase it from an external supplier. This decision affects a company's operational strategy, cost structure, and capacity utilization, potentially impacting long-term profitability and efficiency.

What is the concept of target costing and how does it differ from cost-based pricing?

Target costing is a pricing strategy where the company starts with a price customers are willing to pay and works backward to determine the cost structure needed to achieve that price. In contrast, cost-based pricing starts with the cost to produce the product and adds a markup for profit. Target costing is customer-driven, while cost-based pricing is cost-driven.