AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN - PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN TAKTIS

Summary

This video explains the concept of tactical decision-making in management accounting, focusing on short-term decisions with long-term impacts. The speaker outlines the key steps in making tactical decisions, including identifying the problem, evaluating alternatives, calculating costs and benefits, and assessing qualitative factors. Key decision-making scenarios discussed include make-or-buy decisions, whether to continue or stop production, accepting special orders, selling or processing further, and product mix decisions. The video emphasizes the importance of using relevant financial and non-financial information to optimize business outcomes and achieve strategic goals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Tactical decision-making involves selecting short-term actions with long-term impacts, crucial for business strategy.
• 😀 The first step in decision-making is to define the problem clearly for better focus and direction in the process.
• 😀 Identifying several alternatives is essential to increase the chances of finding the best solution.
• 😀 Costs and benefits should be evaluated for each feasible alternative to determine the most viable option.
• 😀 Quantitative and qualitative factors must be assessed to ensure a holistic decision-making approach.
• 😀 Relevant costs are future costs that differ across alternatives and directly impact decision-making.
• 😀 The decision to make or buy depends on comparing the internal production costs versus the purchase price from a supplier.
• 😀 In some cases, continuing or discontinuing a product, project, or service requires evaluating short to medium-term profitability.
• 😀 Special order decisions help companies decide whether to accept or reject orders with special conditions to optimize capacity utilization.
• 😀 Selling or processing further decisions involve determining if it is more profitable to sell a product in its current form or after further processing.
• 😀 Product mix decisions prioritize selecting the most profitable products based on limited resources like machine hours and labor.

Q & A

What is tactical decision making in management accounting?

Tactical decision making is the process of selecting short-term actions that support long-term strategies. These decisions aim to address specific problems or needs and can significantly impact the company's future.

What are the key steps in tactical decision making?

The key steps are: 1) Identify the problem, 2) Identify several alternatives, 3) Identify costs and benefits associated with alternatives, 4) Calculate relevant costs and benefits for each alternative, 5) Assess qualitative factors, and 6) Make decisions that provide greater value.

What are relevant costs, and why are they important in decision making?

Relevant costs are future costs that differ across alternatives and influence decisions. They are important because they help managers focus on information that will directly affect outcomes, such as vendor selection or pricing decisions.

What is the 'make or buy' decision, and when is it used?

The 'make or buy' decision is made when a company must decide whether to produce a product in-house or purchase it from an external supplier. It is used when the company needs to compare internal production costs with the purchase price from suppliers.

How does a company decide whether to make or buy a product?

A company decides to make a product when the avoided production costs are smaller than the purchase price from a supplier, or if qualitative factors such as better control or profitability are more favorable. Conversely, the decision to buy is made when the avoided production costs are higher than the purchase price.

What are the key factors to consider in the 'continue or stop' decision?

In the 'continue or stop' decision, key factors include costs, benefits, profitability, market demand, and operational costs. This decision helps determine whether a product or service should be discontinued based on its financial performance and the potential for better use of resources.

What is the importance of qualitative factors in decision making?

Qualitative factors, such as employee morale, company reputation, and customer satisfaction, are important because they can influence long-term business success, even though they are not directly measurable in financial terms.

What does the decision to accept or reject a special order entail?

The decision to accept or reject a special order involves evaluating whether the company has the capacity to fulfill the order and if it will generate additional profit. Factors such as idle capacity, special pricing, and the impact on regular customers must also be considered.

What factors should be considered when deciding to sell or process further?

When deciding to sell or process further, companies should compare the additional costs required for processing against the incremental benefits gained from a higher selling price. The decision should focus on which option yields the higher net profit.

How does a company determine the best product mix when resources are limited?

A company determines the best product mix by calculating the contribution margin per unit of each product and prioritizing the products that generate the highest contribution per available resource, such as machine hours or labor.