Memahami Manhaj Muhammadiyah - Ust. Dr. Rohmansyah, M.Hum | Kajian Tarjih Muhammadiyah

Summary

The video script discusses Muhammadiyah's interpretation of Islamic teachings, focusing on its non-textual approach to hadith and its adaptation to contemporary issues. It emphasizes the use of the Irfani, Burhani, and Bayani methods for addressing social problems, and how Muhammadiyah applies contextual understanding to hadith, especially regarding women's roles and the permissibility of leaving home. The script also highlights Muhammadiyah's use of the hisab method for determining the start of Ramadan and Eid, diverging from traditional ru'ya methods, and the importance of ijtihad in interpreting worldly matters in alignment with the Quran and Sunnah.

Takeaways

• 😀 Muhammadiyah applies legal principles to guide societal life, integrating religious teachings with a contemporary approach.
• 😀 The Burhani approach emphasizes reasoning and knowledge in addressing social issues, but is less used compared to the Bayani and Irfani approaches.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah reinterprets Hadith regarding women’s travel without a mahram, considering modern safety conditions rather than applying the text literally.
• 😀 The concept of a woman needing a mahram to travel is understood by Muhammadiyah as context-specific, applying only in dangerous situations.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah uses a contextual understanding of Islamic teachings, balancing historical context with modern realities.
• 😀 The Hadith relating to women’s travel and covering their aurat (body parts) is interpreted as being linked to safety and societal norms of the time.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah promotes the idea that women can leave their homes if the purpose is beneficial, such as seeking knowledge or engaging in positive activities.
• 😀 In some cases, such as when a husband’s wife is performing Hajj, it is understood that the husband has a duty to ensure her safety, showing the flexibility of Islamic teachings.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah applies the principle of 'Hisab' (astronomical calculation) to determine the beginning of Ramadan and Eid, instead of relying solely on moon sighting (Ruyah).
• 😀 Historical limitations of technology influenced the traditional reliance on moon sighting, but Muhammadiyah now uses modern scientific methods like Hisab for accuracy.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah’s approach to determining Islamic dates is based on careful astronomical calculation, considering both historical context and modern technological advancements.

Q & A

What is Muhammadiyah's approach to interpreting Hadith?

Muhammadiyah does not solely interpret Hadith textually. It contextualizes the Hadith by considering both the historical context and the present-day circumstances. This approach allows for a more flexible understanding, particularly when addressing social issues.

What is the Burhani approach mentioned in the script?

The Burhani approach refers to a method of reasoning based on knowledge and intellectual inquiry. It is used to respond to modern social issues and focuses on understanding matters through rational and empirical evidence.

How does Muhammadiyah view the Hadith about women needing a mahram to leave the house?

Muhammadiyah does not interpret this Hadith as a strict, literal prohibition. Instead, they view it contextually, understanding that such restrictions were meant to apply in situations where safety was a concern. In the present, when conditions are safer, women are allowed to leave the house, especially for positive purposes such as seeking knowledge.

What is the significance of 'Irfani' in Muhammadiyah's approach?

'Irfani' refers to a spiritual approach that emphasizes understanding through inner experience or feeling. It is an alternative to more textual or rational methods and is not as commonly used in Muhammadiyah's decision-making process compared to Bayani and Burhani approaches.

How does Muhammadiyah address the issue of women wearing the hijab?

Muhammadiyah recognizes the importance of wearing the hijab but contextualizes its obligation. They refer to historical conditions where women were harassed due to lack of modest clothing and thus were required to wear the hijab. In modern times, it is still considered important for women to wear the hijab, especially to maintain modesty.

What method does Muhammadiyah use to determine the start of Ramadan and Eid?

Muhammadiyah uses a method called 'hisab,' a calculation method based on astronomical observations, to determine the beginning of Ramadan and Eid. This method relies on calculations rather than simple visual sightings of the moon.

How does Muhammadiyah's interpretation of Hadith differ from the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI)?

Muhammadiyah and MUI have different approaches to determining the beginning of Islamic months. Muhammadiyah uses a calculation-based method ('hisab'), while MUI relies on moon sighting ('ru'ya') to decide the start of Ramadan and other important dates.

What does Muhammadiyah mean by the concept of 'ijtihad'?

Ijtihad refers to the process of independent reasoning or scholarly interpretation. Muhammadiyah uses ijtihad in non-ritual matters, especially in social or worldly affairs, but it bases such reasoning on both the Quran and Hadith, guided by traditional Islamic principles.

What was the example given in the script related to a husband and wife during the time of the Prophet?

The example discussed the situation where a husband was required to go to war, but his wife wanted to perform Hajj. The Prophet Muhammad allowed the husband to forgo fighting and accompany his wife, highlighting the importance of ensuring a woman’s safety and well-being, especially in religious duties.

How does Muhammadiyah apply the teachings of the Quran and Hadith to modern society?

Muhammadiyah applies the teachings of the Quran and Hadith in a way that accommodates modern contexts. They emphasize contextual interpretations, especially in non-ritual aspects of Islamic law, to address contemporary issues while remaining grounded in traditional Islamic teachings.