Kenapa Muhammadiyah Tidak Bermadzhab? - Ust. Aly Aulia, Lc, M.Hum | Putusan Tarjih Muhammadiyah

Summary

In this speech, the speaker addresses the topic of Muhammadiyah's approach to Islamic teachings, focusing on its stance on not adhering to a particular madhhab (school of thought). They explain that Muhammadiyah follows a dynamic, open approach based on the Qur'an and Sunnah, emphasizing the importance of ijtihad (independent reasoning) and tajdid (renewal) in religious practice. While Muhammadiyah does not affiliate with any specific madhhab, it respects the opinions of past scholars and uses them as references for decision-making. The speaker also highlights the organization's commitment to reform and adaptability in addressing contemporary issues.

Takeaways

• 😀 Muhammadiyah does not follow a specific madhhab (school of thought) but considers the opinions of different madhhabs as valuable references in determining Islamic law.
• 😀 The foundational definition of religion in Muhammadiyah is based on the teachings of Allah, which include commandments, prohibitions, and all other principles revealed by Allah.
• 😀 Islam, according to Muhammadiyah, is the religion revealed by Allah to Prophet Muhammad, with the Quran and Sunnah as its primary sources.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah's perspective on religion includes a commitment to continuous intellectual development and understanding, particularly through ijtihad (independent reasoning).
• 😀 Muhammadiyah's methodology, called 'Manhaj Tarjih,' allows for openness to reformation, especially regarding matters of muamalah (worldly affairs) which are seen as dynamic and evolving.
• 😀 The principles of tajdid (renewal) are applied to both closed aspects of Islam (such as Aqidah, Ibadah, and Akhlak) and open aspects (like muamalah).
• 😀 While Aqidah, Ibadah, and Akhlak are considered closed and must be purified, the aspect of muamalah is viewed as open and subject to reform and modern adaptation.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah promotes an inclusive approach to religious differences, emphasizing tolerance and open-mindedness regarding various interpretations of Quran and Sunnah.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah does not claim the opinions of its scholars or those of other madhhabs as the absolute truth but values them as references to guide legal and religious decisions.
• 😀 The approach of Muhammadiyah is based on reasoning with the Quran and Sunnah, ensuring that interpretations remain relevant to contemporary issues, while avoiding rigid adherence to outdated practices.

Q & A

Why does Muhammadiyah not follow a specific madhhab?

Muhammadiyah does not follow a specific madhhab because its understanding of Islam is based on the Quran and Sunnah, rather than adhering to one particular school of thought. It remains open to ijtihad and reform, especially in areas of Islamic jurisprudence that are still open for interpretation.

What is the role of madhhabs in Muhammadiyah’s approach to Islamic jurisprudence?

While Muhammadiyah does not bind itself to any specific madhhab, it acknowledges the opinions of the classical madhhabs as valuable references. These opinions can be considered when determining legal rulings, but they are not followed strictly.

What is the basis of Muhammadiyah’s understanding of Islam?

Muhammadiyah’s understanding of Islam is based on the Quran and Sunnah. It considers these sources to be the primary foundation for defining the teachings of Islam.

What is the significance of ijtihad in Muhammadiyah’s approach?

Ijtihad, or independent reasoning, plays a crucial role in Muhammadiyah's approach as it allows for ongoing interpretation and adaptation of Islamic teachings, especially in areas not explicitly covered by the Quran and Sunnah.

How does Muhammadiyah view reform (tajdid) in Islam?

Muhammadiyah believes in the continuous process of reform (tajdid) in Islam, particularly in matters of muamalah (social transactions). This reform is aimed at ensuring the teachings remain relevant and dynamic, adapting to changing circumstances while preserving the core principles of the faith.

How does Muhammadiyah view areas of Islam that are considered ‘closed’?

Areas such as aqidah (faith), ibadah (worship), and akhlak (morality) are considered 'closed' in the sense that their teachings are final and do not require reform. These aspects are preserved as they are defined in the Quran and Sunnah.

What is the stance of Muhammadiyah on tolerance and openness?

Muhammadiyah promotes tolerance and openness in understanding and practicing Islam. It recognizes that different interpretations may arise and supports a respectful and open approach to diverse viewpoints, as long as they align with the core teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.

How does Muhammadiyah approach the dynamic nature of social teachings (muamalah)?

Muhammadiyah adopts a reformist approach to the dynamic aspects of Islam, particularly muamalah. It believes that social teachings should be continuously updated and adjusted to meet the needs of the contemporary world, ensuring their relevance.

What is the importance of the Quran and Sunnah in Muhammadiyah’s religious rulings?

The Quran and Sunnah are the ultimate sources for religious rulings in Muhammadiyah. All decisions, whether in legal or social matters, are derived from these sources, ensuring that the organization remains true to the original teachings of Islam.

How does Muhammadiyah balance respecting classical scholars with its independent approach?

While Muhammadiyah respects the opinions of classical scholars and their madhhabs, it does not follow them blindly. Instead, it uses their rulings as references and bases its decisions on the Quran and Sunnah, ensuring that the approach remains flexible and relevant.