PERLAWANAN TERHADAP KOLONIALISME DAN IMPERIALISME | Perlawanan Terhadap Persekutuan Dagang

Summary

This transcript details the Indonesian resistance against colonial powers, focusing on key battles and rebellions throughout history. It highlights several notable figures, including Sultan Baabullah, Sultan Hairun, Sultan Iskandar Muda, and Sultan Hasanuddin, who fought against the Portuguese and the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The script covers significant events such as the Battle of Ternate, the Aceh campaign, the Bongaya Agreement, and the Mataram campaigns against VOC. It concludes with the bankruptcy and dissolution of the VOC in 1799, marking a pivotal shift in Indonesia's colonial history, with the country falling directly under Dutch rule.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first resistance against colonialism in Indonesia was by Sultan Baabullah, who fought the Portuguese after the Dutch East India Company (VOC) went bankrupt.
• 😀 Sultan Baabullah and the people of Maluku united to expel the Portuguese, who had previously sparked tensions between the kingdoms of Tidore and Ternate.
• 😀 Sultan Hairun, a peaceful leader, initially negotiated with the Portuguese, but was betrayed and killed, prompting a fierce uprising by the people of Maluku.
• 😀 The Portuguese were eventually forced to flee from Maluku in 1575, and later from Ambon in 1605, relocating to Timor-Leste.
• 😀 Aceh, under Sultan Iskandar Muda, also fought the Portuguese for control of Malacca with a naval fleet, though their attacks were unsuccessful, they maintained independence.
• 😀 Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa, known as the 'Rooster of the East', resisted the VOC in Sulawesi after they manipulated local conflicts, leading to the Treaty of Bongaya in 1667, which significantly weakened Gowa's power.
• 😀 The Treaty of Bongaya granted the VOC a monopoly on trade in Makassar and established them as the dominant power in the region.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Mataram initially cooperated with the VOC but later clashed with them over trade monopoly issues, leading to multiple failed attacks on the VOC stronghold in Batavia in the 1620s.
• 😀 Mataram's second siege of Batavia in 1629 failed due to similar weaknesses as the first attack, such as insufficient supplies and Dutch resistance.
• 😀 In 1799, the VOC was declared bankrupt and disbanded, transitioning Indonesia directly under Dutch colonial rule as the Dutch East Indies (Hindia Belanda).

Q & A

What were the two major resistances conducted by Indonesia against colonial powers?

The two major resistances were against the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch colonial government after the VOC went bankrupt.

Who was Sultan Baabullah, and what role did he play in resisting colonial powers?

Sultan Baabullah was a ruler in Maluku who led the resistance against the Portuguese. After his father, Sultan Hairun, was killed by the Portuguese, Baabullah united the people of Maluku and successfully drove out the Portuguese.

What incident sparked Sultan Hairun's resistance against the Portuguese?

Sultan Hairun's resistance against the Portuguese began after they killed his father, Sultan Hairun, during a negotiation at Fort São Paulo in 1570, which led to an uprising by the people of Maluku.

How did the Portuguese attempt to divide the Maluku kingdoms during their resistance?

The Portuguese tried to sow discord between the kingdoms of Ternate and Tidore, manipulating them into fighting each other, but despite this, they were eventually defeated by the united Maluku forces.

What was the outcome of the resistance by the people of Aceh against the Portuguese?

The resistance by the people of Aceh against the Portuguese was unsuccessful, but Aceh remained a free and independent kingdom.

What role did Sultan Hasanuddin play in resisting the Dutch East India Company?

Sultan Hasanuddin, the King of Gowa in South Sulawesi, led a resistance against the VOC after they intervened in a conflict between Gowa and Bone, leading to the imposition of the Bongaya Treaty in 1667.

What were the main terms of the Bongaya Treaty signed in 1667?

The Bongaya Treaty resulted in the Dutch obtaining a monopoly on the spice trade in Makassar, establishing a fort in Makassar, and forcing the Gowa Kingdom to relinquish control of areas outside the city.

How did the Kingdom of Mataram initially engage with the Dutch East India Company?

The Kingdom of Mataram initially had a cooperative relationship with the VOC, allowing the Dutch to build a trade post and providing them with cannons. However, tensions arose due to VOC's monopolistic practices.

What were the outcomes of Mataram's two attempts to attack Batavia in the 1620s?

Mataram's first attack on Batavia in 1628 failed due to high casualties, and the second attempt in 1629 also failed because of logistical problems, such as the destruction of food supplies by the Dutch.

What significant event occurred in 1799 regarding the VOC and its role in Indonesia?

In 1799, the VOC declared bankruptcy and was dissolved. All of its assets, including debts and property, were taken over by the Dutch government, marking the transition to direct Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia.