Grounded Theory & Qualitative Research

Summary

This video explores the role of theory in both qualitative and quantitative research. It highlights how theory can guide studies, be tested, or emerge from data, with a focus on grounded theory. Grounded theory is developed inductively from field observations, unlike quantitative research that tests a hypothesis. The video discusses symbolic interactionism and constructivist grounded theory, which view reality as shaped by social interactions and cultural context. It also covers nonprobability sampling techniques used in qualitative research and the constant comparative method for analyzing data. Ultimately, the researcher builds theory through direct engagement with participants and their experiences.

Takeaways

• 😀 Theory in research can be used to explain how variables relate, guide the research, or even be developed from data collected during the study.
• 😀 In quantitative research, theory is used to form a hypothesis, which is then tested to support or disprove the theory.
• 😀 Qualitative research focuses on understanding and meaning, and may use theory as a starting point or as a lens through which to view the research topic.
• 😀 Grounded Theory is an inductive qualitative research approach where theory is built based on findings from direct observations, rather than pre-existing concepts.
• 😀 Grounded Theory methodology was developed by sociologists Ansal Strauss and Barney Glazer and emphasizes building theory from participant interactions in the field.
• 😀 Constructivist Grounded Theory asserts that reality is shaped by the cultural context of participants and the interactions between researcher and participants.
• 😀 In qualitative research, researchers are expected to critically analyze situations, remain flexible, and avoid bias while being open to constructive criticism.
• 😀 Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research focuses on understanding specific groups, not making broad generalizations about a population.
• 😀 Non-probability sampling techniques, like convenience, quota, purposive, self-selection, and snowball sampling, are commonly used in qualitative research to select participants.
• 😀 The constant comparative method is used to analyze data in qualitative research, involving systematic coding, categorizing, and comparing of data to identify emerging themes.
• 😀 Once data is collected, researchers often create a concept map or diagram to visualize relationships between themes and organize their findings.

Q & A

What role does theory play in research?

Theory can be used in research to explain how variables relate, guide the research process, or be developed as a result of the study. It moves research beyond basic observations, providing a formal framework to enhance its scholarly value.

How does quantitative research use theory?

In quantitative research, theory is used to identify the relationship between variables and form a hypothesis. The study is then designed to test this hypothesis, either supporting or disproving the theory based on the data collected.

How is theory employed in qualitative research?

Qualitative research can use theory as a starting point to form a possible explanation, which is then tested during the study. Additionally, theory can be used as a lens or perspective, guiding how the researcher views the topic and what is studied.

What is an inductive approach to theory in qualitative research?

In qualitative research, an inductive approach means that theory is the end result of the study rather than the starting point. This method involves building theory grounded in data collected from observations and interactions with participants.

What is grounded theory, and who developed it?

Grounded theory is a qualitative research methodology where theory is developed based on data collected in the field, rather than preconceived notions. It was developed by sociologists Ansal Strauss and Barney Glazer in the 1960s and has since been refined.

What does symbolic interactionism suggest about reality?

Symbolic interactionism asserts that reality is constructed through social interactions. People create meanings based on their interactions with others, and their behaviors are shaped by their beliefs rather than an objective external reality.

How does constructivist grounded theory differ from other approaches?

Constructivist grounded theory emphasizes that reality is shaped by the cultural context of participants. It acknowledges multiple constructed realities that emerge from the interactions between researchers and participants.

What are some qualities of good qualitative researchers according to Strauss and Corbin?

Good qualitative researchers are reflective, open to constructive criticism, sensitive to participants' words and actions, flexible in their approach, and dedicated to their work. They also critically analyze situations and are aware of potential biases.

Why doesn't probability sampling usually work in qualitative research?

In qualitative research, researchers are focused on studying specific groups of individuals rather than making broad generalizations. Therefore, nonprobability sampling techniques, which allow for more targeted selection, are often more appropriate.

What are some common nonprobability sampling techniques in qualitative research?

Common nonprobability sampling techniques include convenient sampling, quota sampling, purposive (or selective) sampling, self-selection sampling, and snowball sampling. Each of these methods allows researchers to select participants based on experience, judgment, or specific criteria.