Mengembalikan Sistem Kolektivisme Bung Hatta dalam Koperasi Indonesia

Summary

The cooperative movement in Indonesia, which began in 1896 to aid workers under capitalist pressures, has faced significant challenges in recent years. These include financial mismanagement, 'shadow banking' practices, and weak oversight. While cooperatives have contributed significantly to the economy, scandals like failed loan repayments have harmed their reputation. To address these issues, the government is revising cooperative laws, and in 2025, the OJK will assume responsibility for overseeing financial cooperatives. The success of these changes will depend on stronger regulations and greater awareness among cooperative members to prevent further harm.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cooperatives in Indonesia were established in 1896 as a response to suffering under capitalism, initially aimed at helping government employees.
• 😀 The number of cooperatives in Indonesia reached 130,354 in 2022, a 1.96% increase from the previous year.
• 😀 The total business volume of cooperatives in 2022 was 197.88 trillion Rupiah, reflecting an 8.51% growth from 2021.
• 😀 Despite growth in numbers, many cooperatives are inactive or mere 'names,' as highlighted by the decline in active cooperatives by 16.97% in 2018.
• 😀 A significant issue in the cooperative sector is the practice of 'shadow banking,' where cooperatives engage in risky financial practices not typical for their structure.
• 😀 High-interest deposit products, such as those offered by KSP Sejahtera and Indosurya, led to massive financial losses for cooperative members, totaling 26 trillion Rupiah.
• 😀 Many cooperatives engage in short-term deposit services and offer high-interest savings accounts, which are not in line with the core cooperative principles.
• 😀 The lack of effective oversight and weak regulatory enforcement have contributed to the rise of problematic financial practices in cooperatives.
• 😀 A proposed solution to the issues in the cooperative sector is stricter government oversight, with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) set to take control in January 2025.
• 😀 The Indonesian government is working on revising cooperative laws to address weaknesses in oversight and to introduce mechanisms like deposit insurance and bailout funds.
• 😀 Despite reform efforts, there is resistance from the cooperative sector to tighter government control, particularly concerns over losing autonomy under OJK supervision.

Q & A

What was the original purpose of the cooperative movement in Indonesia?

The cooperative movement in Indonesia began in 1896 as a response to the hardships faced by people under the capitalist system. It aimed to provide financial assistance and support to civil servants and later expanded to benefit other sectors of society.

What is the current state of cooperatives in Indonesia as of 2022?

As of 2022, Indonesia has 130,354 cooperatives, marking a 1.96% increase from the previous year. However, the number of active cooperatives is much lower, and many registered cooperatives are essentially inactive.

What challenges have cooperatives in Indonesia faced over time?

Cooperatives in Indonesia have faced significant challenges such as financial mismanagement, inactive cooperatives, failed payment schemes, and involvement in shadow banking practices, which have led to substantial financial losses for their members.

What is 'shadow banking' and how is it related to cooperatives?

Shadow banking refers to non-bank financial institutions that engage in activities such as taking short-term deposits and using them for long-term investments, which can lead to financial instability. Some cooperatives in Indonesia, like KSP Sejahtera and KSP Indo Surya, have engaged in such practices, contributing to financial losses.

How much financial loss have cooperative members suffered due to failed payments?

Cooperative members have suffered around 26 trillion Rupiah in total losses, with 23.8 trillion Rupiah of this amount attributed to unpaid debts from major cooperatives like KSP Sejahtera and Indosurya.

What regulatory weaknesses have contributed to the problems faced by cooperatives?

One major issue has been the weak supervision and oversight of cooperatives. There have been insufficient regulations to prevent financial mismanagement, and many cooperatives operate without proper monitoring or enforcement of existing rules.

What role does the Ministry of Cooperatives play in the regulation of cooperatives in Indonesia?

The Ministry of Cooperatives is responsible for overseeing cooperatives, but it has faced criticism for not adequately carrying out its duties, such as shutting down inactive or fraudulent cooperatives, despite laws that mandate such actions.

What upcoming changes are expected in the regulation of cooperatives?

In 2025, the OJK (Financial Services Authority) will begin overseeing cooperatives that offer financial services beyond their membership base. This is part of an effort to improve regulation and reduce the risks posed by cooperative mismanagement.

How do members of cooperatives play a role in ensuring their financial safety?

Cooperative members need to be more aware of their rights and responsibilities and should engage more actively in the governance and oversight of their cooperatives. Increased financial literacy and accountability are essential for ensuring that cooperatives function properly and sustainably.

What reforms are being proposed to prevent further failures in the cooperative system?

Proposals include strengthening supervision, creating a guarantee system (similar to an insurance mechanism for cooperatives), revising laws to prevent risky financial practices, and fostering greater awareness among cooperative members about their roles and rights.