INDONESIA MASA ORDE BARU Stabilitasi Politik dan Rehabilitasi Ekonomi

Summary

This video explores the political stability and economic rehabilitation during Indonesia's New Order era following President Sukarno's rule. It outlines the government’s shift towards a non-aligned foreign policy, its efforts to restore diplomatic relations, and the creation of ASEAN. Key domestic policies included holding elections, party unification, and promoting Pancasila as the sole ideology. The New Order administration also focused on economic recovery by managing debt, negotiating with the IMF, and easing foreign investment regulations. This comprehensive overview sets the stage for discussing subsequent development policies and their impacts on Indonesian society.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Indonesia transitioned from a period of unstable democracy under Sukarno to a new era under Suharto, known as the New Order.
• 📜 Following the end of Sukarno's presidency, Suharto implemented programs aimed at political and economic stabilization in Indonesia.
• 🔄 One major step was shifting Indonesia's foreign policy from a pro-communist stance to a non-aligned, 'active and free' approach.
• 🤝 Efforts to improve relations with Malaysia included diplomatic meetings that led to a thaw in previously strained ties.
• 🌐 Indonesia rejoined the United Nations in 1966, regaining its position as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.
• 🇸🇬 The formation of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) in 1967 marked a significant regional cooperation effort.
• 🗳️ The New Order government held elections in 1971, which were marked by the dominance of Golkar, a government-backed political party.
• 🔄 A policy of party fusion in 1973 simplified the political landscape from a multi-party system to a two-party system.
• 📚 Pancasila was established as the sole ideological foundation for all social and political organizations in Indonesia during the New Order.
• 💼 The dual function of the military (ABRI) allowed military personnel to engage in both military and political roles, influencing governance.

Q & A

What major political transition does the video discuss regarding Indonesia?

The video discusses the transition from Indonesia's guided democracy under President Sukarno to the New Order era under President Suharto.

What was the initial condition of Indonesia's political and economic landscape before the New Order?

Before the New Order, Indonesia experienced significant political and economic instability.

What was TAP MPRS No. 30, and why was it important?

TAP MPRS No. 30 was enacted in 1967 to legitimize Suharto's rise to power and marked the beginning of the New Order era.

What three efforts did Suharto's government undertake to establish a foreign policy?

Suharto's government worked to end confrontations with Malaysia, rejoined the UN, and initiated the formation of ASEAN.

How did the New Order government approach domestic politics and elections?

The New Order government conducted elections based on the 1945 Constitution, initially allowing nine political parties before implementing a party fusion policy that reduced them to two main parties.

What is the significance of the Pancasila ideology in the New Order era?

Pancasila was established as the sole ideology for all political organizations, and the P4 program was created to enforce its principles.

What measures were taken to rehabilitate Indonesia's economy during the New Order?

The government addressed debts through international negotiations, simplified investment laws to attract foreign capital, and offered tax incentives for domestic investments.

What role did the IMF play in Indonesia's economic rehabilitation?

The IMF helped Indonesia restructure its debt and provided funds for development projects to stabilize the economy.

How did the New Order government ensure military involvement in politics?

The government implemented the dual function of the military (dwifungsi ABRI), allowing military members to participate in both military and civil political roles.

What are the anticipated topics for future videos as hinted by the presenter?

Future videos are expected to cover the specific development policies implemented during the New Order and their impacts on Indonesian society.