Observing epithelial cheek cells under a microscope Virtual Lab
Summary
TLDRThis instructional video demonstrates the process of creating a wet mount slide of human cheek cells for microscopic observation. It guides viewers through cleaning a slide and cover slip, collecting cheek cells with a toothpick, staining them with bromothymol blue, and preparing the slide. The tutorial continues with using a microscope to focus and adjust the view to observe the stained cells and their organelles, particularly the nucleus, in detail.
Takeaways
- 🔬 **Preparation**: Clean slides and cover slips with a wipe before starting.
- 🦠 **Cell Collection**: Use a toothpick rubbed on the inside of the cheek to collect cheek cells.
- 💧 **Staining**: Apply bromothymol blue as a stain to visualize cells.
- 📌 **Slide Making**: Transfer cells from the toothpick to the slide and add a drop of water.
- 🔬 **Cover Slip**: Place the cover slip at a 45-degree angle to avoid air bubbles.
- 🔭 **Microscope Setup**: Turn on the microscope and adjust the stage clips to hold the slide.
- 🔍 **Focusing**: Use the coarse adjustment knob to bring the cells into focus initially.
- 📏 **Zooming**: Switch to a higher objective lens and use the fine focus knob for detailed focusing.
- 🌐 **Cell Identification**: Look for cells with clear nuclei to observe organelles.
- 📱 **Enhanced Viewing**: Use a smartphone to capture and zoom in on the cells for a closer look.
- 🔄 **Adjust Contrast**: Adjust the diaphragm to change contrast and enhance cell visibility.
Q & A
What materials are needed to prepare a slide with cheek cells?
-To prepare a slide with cheek cells, you will need a toothpick, water, a cleaning wipe, a slide, and a cover slip.
How should you clean the slide and cover slip before use?
-You should use a cleaning wipe to gently wipe off both the slide and cover slip to ensure they are clean and free of debris.
How do you obtain cheek cells for the slide?
-To obtain cheek cells, you gently rub the rounded edge of a toothpick on the inside of your cheek to collect loose cells.
What is the purpose of using bromothymol blue in the process?
-Bromothymol blue is used as a stain to make the cheek cells visible under the microscope by coloring them blue.
How should you apply the bromothymol blue to the slide?
-After collecting the cheek cells on the toothpick, you wipe the toothpick on the slide, then add a drop of bromothymol blue and a drop of water.
What is the correct way to place the cover slip on the slide?
-Hold the cover slip at a 45-degree angle and slowly lower it onto the slide to create a wet mount.
How do you focus the microscope to view the cheek cells?
-Start by using the coarse adjustment knob to bring the image into focus, then switch to the fine focus knob for precise focusing.
What is the significance of the blue color in the cells after staining?
-The blue color indicates the presence of bromothymol blue, which helps in visualizing the cells and makes certain organelles, such as the nucleus, stand out more.
Why might you see air bubbles under the microscope?
-Air bubbles can form if there is uneven pressure or if the cover slip was not placed correctly, which can affect the quality of the observation.
How do you adjust the microscope to view different cells?
-You can move the slide around to view different areas and use the fine focus knob to adjust the focus on specific cells.
What is the role of the diaphragm in observing cheek cells?
-The diaphragm can be adjusted to change the contrast of the image, which may help in distinguishing the cells and their structures more clearly.
Outlines
🔬 Preparing a Cheek Cell Slide
This paragraph describes the process of preparing a slide with cheek cells for microscopic examination. The narrator instructs on cleaning a slide and cover slip using a cleaning wipe, as they are made of glass and require careful handling. A toothpick is used to gently rub the inside of the cheek to collect cells, avoiding any stabbing motion. The collected cells are then transferred onto the slide. Bromothymol blue is used as a staining agent to make the cells visible. A small drop is added to the slide, followed by a drop of water. The cover slip is carefully placed over the slide at a 45-degree angle to create a wet mount slide. The slide is then examined under a microscope, starting with a coarse focus to bring the image into view, then switching to a fine focus to observe the stained cells. The bromothymol blue staining causes the cells, particularly the nucleus, to appear blue, enhancing visibility.
🔍 Observing Cheek Cells Under the Microscope
The second paragraph details the steps to observe cheek cells under a microscope. The process begins with turning on the microscope and placing the prepared slide under the stage clips. The coarse adjustment knob is used to bring the image into focus. The narrator then discusses selecting a specific area of cells to examine, focusing on cells with a clear nucleus. The microscope's objective lens is changed to a higher magnification, and the fine focus knob is adjusted to bring the cells into sharp focus. The diaphragm is mentioned as a way to change contrast, although it doesn't significantly affect the visibility of the cells in this case. The paragraph also touches on the three-dimensional nature of the cells, allowing for focusing on different layers. The use of a smartphone to capture and further magnify the image is also described, highlighting the visibility of the cell membrane and nucleus at higher magnifications.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡cheek cells
💡toothpick
💡slide
💡cover slip
💡bromothymol blue
💡wet mount
💡microscope
💡coarse adjustment knob
💡fine focus knob
💡organelles
💡nucleus
Highlights
Preparation of a slide with cheek cells requires a toothpick, water, a cleaning wipe, a slide, and a cover slip.
Cleaning the slide and cover slip with a wipe is essential before making the slide.
Using the rounded edge of a toothpick to gently rub against the inside of the cheek to collect cells.
Bromothymol blue is used as a staining agent to make cells visible under the microscope.
Transferring cheek cells from the toothpick to the slide using a gentle wiping motion.
Adding a drop of bromothymol blue and water to the slide to prepare the sample.
Placing the cover slip at a 45-degree angle to create a wet mount slide of cheek cells.
Using a microscope to observe the prepared cheek cell slide.
Adjusting the microscope's coarse focus knob to bring the cells into view.
Selecting a specific area of cells to focus on under the microscope.
The use of bromothymol blue staining makes organelles, particularly the nucleus, more visible.
Dealing with air bubbles when observing the slide under the microscope.
Switching to a higher objective lens to magnify the cells further.
Using the fine focus knob to adjust the focus for a clearer view of the cells.
Adjusting the diaphragm to change contrast and improve cell visibility.
Observing the three-dimensional nature of cells and zooming in on different layers.
Using a smartphone to capture and further magnify the image of the cells.
Final observation of the nucleus and other organelles within the cheek cells.
Transcripts
to make a slide that has our cheek cells
on it
we are going to need
a toothpick
water
a cleaning wipe a slide and a cover slip
so first we have to make sure that our
slide and coverslip are nice and clean
so you take the wipe
you open it up
you gently wipe off the side make sure
it's clean remember their glass
so you want to be careful
you take your cover slip
and gently clean off the cover slip
then we have to take the toothpick
and rub it in the inside of your cheek
to get some of the cells
okay so what we do is we don't like stab
ourselves with the toothpick you just
take the rounded edge of the toothpick
rounded edge
put that on the inside of your cheek and
you just rub it up and down
to get some of the loose cells off
i think that's good
all right let's get back to making our
slide
okay
so we're actually going to use a little
bit of bromothymol blue as a stain to
make sure that we can see our cells
so first you take
the toothpick that has our
cheek cells on it
and you just wipe it off
on your slide
then take a little bit of bromothymol
blue
just a little bit holds the pipette
vertically
and
just a little drop
always put the cap right back on
okay
i'm going to add a little bit of water
once again
put the cap right back on
if you want you can just mix this around
a little bit
and then you take your coverslip
hold your cover slip
at a 45 degree angle
slowly lower it down and
there we go
there is our
wet mount slide
of a cheek cell
i wonder what it looks like under the
microscope
all right so the first thing we do
is we turn
on the microscope
then
we take our slide
push this little lever here it lifts up
the stage clips
and then you place your slide
under the stage clips
right so now
we're totally out of focus
so we're going to use the
coarse
adjustment knob
and we will slowly turn this
and then you will see
that suddenly things begin to come into
focus
okay
now
we have to decide what we want to look
at you see all those cells in there
decide which patch of cells you want to
view and you make it so that
the point of the needle touches what you
want to zoom in on
normally our cells would be clear
but since we added the bromothymol blue
you can see them
and they are blue
and what this does is it makes
some of the organelles stand out more in
this case the organelle that it is dying
is the
nucleus
maybe we'll look over here okay
we can always change it later
so
look at all those air bubbles oh my
goodness
so now we're going to
turn
the nose piece
to the next higher highest objective
lens
wait till it clicks into place
and now we have to bring it back into
focus so we only touch
the fine focus knob
so the little knob
okay
so from here
once again we can just search around see
what we want to look at what we want to
zoom in on just move your slide around
we're looking for a cell with a good
nucleus to zoom in on
[Music]
what about
these two bad boys okay
so take the
little pointer make sure it's lined up
with the cell you want to focus on
so you want to zoom in on
and we are going to now
rotate
the nose piece again to the next highest
objective lens wait till it clicks
there we go
so
now that we're super zoomed in we are
not going to touch the
course adjustment knob we're only going
to use the fine adjustment knob and see
you only have to tweak it a little bit
to get your cells into focus
you can also adjust the diaphragm
and it will change the contrast
guess it
doesn't make too much of a difference
with these cells
cell cells that are made of organelles
the biggest difference would between
b between this one
five
and one i think one is better
okay and so
if i i'm going to just touch the lightly
touch this
slide
move it just a little see oh too much
i want this one here all right
and with the magic of cell phones i'm
going to zoom in
more than 400 x okay
and here we go
so
you see the nucleus
we can see
there's other organelles in there
they're not very clear let's see if i
can adjust the focus a little bit
remember these objects are
three-dimensional
they're not two-dimensional so you can
actually zoom in and out of the
different layers so like
here you can see the cell membrane a
little bit better you can even see
a little bit of the nuclear membrane
there we go and now you can see
the nucleus very clearly
there we go
and then you're going to continue with
your lap
see if i can zoom in even further oh
that's it
pretty cool
all right so there you have it
how to
observe
human cheek cells with the microscope
say hi
[Music]
mew
you
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