HAZARDS CAUSED BY HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA / EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE / SCIENCE 11 - MELC 18
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the significance of learning competency in utilizing hazard maps to identify areas susceptible to hydrometeorological hazards such as tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and IPO. It emphasizes the Philippines' vulnerability due to its location along the typhoon belt and the Pacific Ring of Fire. The video explains the formation and hazards of tropical cyclones, the impact of thunderstorms, floods, tornadoes, monsoons, El Niño, and La Niña. It also underscores the importance of hazard maps for community risk mitigation, promoting awareness, and planning evacuation strategies.
Takeaways
- 🌐 The Philippines is situated in a typhoon belt and experiences numerous natural disasters, including typhoons, earthquakes, and floods.
- 🌪️ Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic events that can lead to loss of life, property damage, and other disruptions.
- 🌀 Tropical cyclones, including typhoons, cyclones, and hurricanes, are severe weather disturbances with strong winds and heavy rains, forming around a low-pressure area.
- 🌀 The formation of tropical cyclones involves the evaporation of warm ocean water, the upward movement of moist air, and the condensation into rain clouds.
- 🌀 Super Typhoon Haiyan is an example of a powerful storm that caused extensive damage in the Philippines, highlighting the destructive potential of tropical cyclones.
- ⚡ Thunderstorms are violent weather events associated with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, or hail, and can lead to fires, injuries, and flash flooding.
- 💧 Floods occur when water overflows onto normally dry land, often due to heavy rainfall or the overflow of waterways, and can cause significant damage.
- 🌊 Storm surges are rises in water levels caused by storms, distinct from storm tides which include the effect of astronomical tides.
- 🌪️ Tornadoes, known locally as 'ipo', are rotating columns of wind that extend from thunderstorm clouds to the ground, causing destruction with high-speed winds.
- 🌬️ Monsoons are seasonal wind patterns affecting the Philippines, with the southwest monsoon bringing heavy rainfall and the northeast monsoon bringing cooler, drier conditions.
- 🌊 El Niño and La Niña are oceanic phenomena affecting weather patterns, with El Niño typically causing drought and La Niña leading to increased rainfall.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video?
-The main focus of the video is to discuss learning competency using hazard maps to identify areas prone to hazards caused by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or IPO.
What are the two main outcomes expected from the lesson?
-By the end of the lesson, viewers should be able to identify different types of hydrometeorological hazards and explain the hazards brought about by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or IPO.
Why is the Philippines particularly prone to natural disasters?
-The Philippines is located along a typhoon belt, also known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, which makes it susceptible to numerous deadly typhoons, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.
What are hydrometeorological hazards?
-Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic processes or phenomena that can cause loss of life, injury, property damage, loss of livelihoods, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
What are the hazards caused by tropical cyclones?
-The hazards caused by tropical cyclones include strong winds, heavy rains, floods, and storm surges.
How do tropical cyclones form?
-Tropical cyclones form through a natural process where warm moist air from the ocean rises, condenses to form clouds, and with the right conditions, organizes into a system with a low-pressure area that can intensify into a tropical depression and eventually a typhoon.
What is the difference between a tropical depression, a tropical storm, and a typhoon?
-A tropical depression is characterized by maximum sustained wind speeds of 64 kilometers per hour, a tropical storm by 118 kilometers per hour, and a typhoon by wind speeds greater than 200 kilometers per hour.
What are the characteristics of a thunderstorm?
-Thunderstorms are violent, short weather disturbances associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and strong gusty winds. They arise when warm moist air rises to cooler regions of the atmosphere.
What is a flash flood and how does it form?
-A flash flood is an overflow of water onto normally dry land caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, usually less than six hours. It is characterized by fast-moving water that can rapidly change small creeks into raging torrents.
What is the difference between a storm surge and a storm tide?
-A storm surge is a rise in water levels generated by a storm above the predicted astronomical tides, while a storm tide is the water level rise due to the combination of storm surge and astronomical tide.
What is a tornado and how does it form?
-A tornado, locally known as IPO, is a narrow funnel or cylindrical-shaped, intensely rotating column of winds that form during powerful thunderstorms and extend from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud to the ground. They rotate usually in a counterclockwise direction and can reach speeds of up to almost 500 kilometers per hour.
What are the two main monsoon patterns in the Philippines and what are their characteristics?
-The two main monsoon patterns in the Philippines are the southwest monsoon (Habagat), characterized by a strong west or southwest breeze bringing significant rainfall, and the northeast monsoon (Amihan), which features a cooler, drier, and less strong east or northeast breeze with prolonged cloudless days.
What is El Niño and how does it affect weather patterns?
-El Niño is a prolonged unusual warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific that occurs irregularly and can last up to two years. It results in warmer water in the west and colder water in the east, potentially causing severe drought, stronger thunderstorm disturbances, and massive storms.
What is La Niña and how does it differ from El Niño?
-La Niña is the opposite of El Niño, characterized by a prolonged unusual cooling of sea temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. It can last for one to three years and is associated with above-normal rainfall.
Why are hazard maps important in mitigating the risks of natural disasters?
-Hazard maps are important because they highlight areas affected by or vulnerable to specific hazards, promoting risk awareness, aiding in the design of evacuation procedures, and assisting in the decision-making for the locations of evacuation facilities and shelters.
Outlines
🌀 Understanding Hydrometeorological Hazards
This paragraph introduces the concept of hydrometeorological hazards, focusing on the Philippines' vulnerability due to its location along the typhoon belt and the 'Ring of Fire.' It explains that these hazards include tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and IPO, which can cause loss of life, property damage, and social disruption. The paragraph also describes the formation of tropical cyclones, detailing the process from evaporation to the development of a typhoon, including the role of warm ocean waters and converging winds. The video script mentions Super Typhoon Haiyan as an example of a powerful storm, highlighting its devastating impact on the Philippines.
🏠 Impact of Tropical Cyclones and Other Hazards
Paragraph 2 discusses the aftermath of a tropical cyclone, emphasizing the destruction of homes and infrastructure. It mentions the challenges faced by government officials and the difficulties in accessing devastated areas for rescue and aid efforts. The paragraph also covers different types of weather disturbances, including thunderstorms, floods, storm surges, and tornadoes (IPO). Each of these phenomena is described in terms of its formation, characteristics, and potential dangers. The paragraph provides a comprehensive overview of the various hydrometeorological hazards and their impacts on human life and property.
🌦️ Weather Patterns and Hazard Mitigation
The final paragraph delves into the monsoon patterns in the Philippines, distinguishing between the southwest (habagat) and northeast (amihan) monsoons. It also explains the El Niño and La Niña phenomena, which affect weather patterns and can lead to droughts or excessive rainfall. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of hazard maps in mitigating the risks associated with these natural hazards. Hazard maps are described as tools for risk awareness, evacuation planning, and the strategic placement of shelters. The video script encourages community action and understanding of these maps to prevent disasters or minimize their effects.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Hydrometeorological Hazards
💡Tropical Cyclones
💡Storm Surges
💡Thunderstorms
💡Floods
💡Tornadoes (IPO)
💡Monsoon
💡El Niño
💡La Niña
💡Hazard Maps
Highlights
Learning competency using hazard maps to identify areas prone to hazards caused by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or IPO.
The Philippines is located along a typhoon belt and suffers from numerous natural disasters.
Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic processes that may cause loss of life and property damage.
The Philippines experiences an average of 20 storms and typhoons annually.
Tropical cyclones are characterized by strong winds and heavy rains revolving around a central low-pressure area.
The formation of tropical cyclones is a natural process for energy transfer from the equator to colder regions.
Typhoons form from the evaporation of water molecules from the ocean, leading to cloud formation and precipitation.
Super Typhoon Haiyan's direct hit on the Philippines caused widespread destruction and was one of the strongest storms in recorded history.
Thunderstorms are violent weather disturbances associated with lightning, heavy rain, or hail.
Flooding can occur due to heavy rainfall in a short period, causing flash floods and substantial damage.
Storm surge is a rise in water levels generated by a storm, distinct from storm tide which includes astronomical tides.
Tornadoes, known locally as IPO, are rotating columns of winds that can cause significant destruction.
Monsoon patterns in the Philippines include the southwest monsoon (Habagat) and the northeast monsoon (Amihan).
El Niño is a warming of sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, leading to drought and stronger storms.
La Niña is the cooling of sea temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, often resulting in above-normal rainfall.
Hazard maps are tools for risk awareness, evacuation planning, and determining locations for evacuation facilities and shelters.
Hazard maps should be easy to understand and use, with users aware of their limitations and uncertainties.
Transcripts
[Music]
in this video we will focus our
discussion
on the learning competency using hazard
maps
identify areas prone to hazards brought
about by tropical cyclones
monsoons floods or ipo
at the end of the lesson you should be
able to one
identify the different types of
hydrometeorological hazards
and number two explain the hazards
brought about by tropical cyclones
monsoons floods or ipo
the philippines is located along a
typhoon belt or the so-called pacific
ring of fire
it has suffered from a countless number
of deadly typhoons
earthquakes and other natural disasters
all these natural disasters are hazards
that our country
experienced we define
hydrometeorological hazards as a process
or phenomenon of atmospheric
hydrological or oceanographic nature
that may cause
loss of life injury or other health
impacts
property damage loss of livelihoods and
services
social and economic disruption or
environmental damage
this hydro meteorological hazards
include tropical cyclones
thunderstorms tornadoes el nino and la
nina
monsoons storm surges and floods
tropical cyclone is a severe weather
disturbance characterized by strong
winds and heavy rains
which revolve around a central low
pressure area
the philippines is used to powerful
storms it is hit by an average of 20
storms and typhoons a year
now what are the hazards caused by
tropical cyclones and how does it form
let's watch this strong winds
heavy rains floods storm surges
these are just some of the hazards that
are brought by tropical cyclones
the formation of tropical cyclones is a
natural phenomenon
that is used by the earth to attain
balance or equilibrium
transferring energy from the equator to
colder parts of the earth
they are called by various names in the
northwest pacific
we call them typhoons in the indian
ocean and southwest pacific
they're called cyclones and in the
atlantic they're called hurricanes
they're often found to form within the
inter-tropical convergence zone
or the itcz where the north east and
southeast trade winds meet
typhoons form just like how ordinary
rain clouds form
they start from the evaporation of water
molecules from the ocean
because this moist air is warm they
travel upwards
until they meet with cold air at this
point
they start to condense and form clouds
resulting in rain showers
the clouds dissipate and vanish after
precipitation is completed
with a very active system clouds can
group together
into large clusters of thunderstorms
these cluster of clouds are areas of low
pressure in the atmosphere
when combined with warm ocean waters
typically over 26 degrees celsius
they join two of the key ingredients in
transforming ordinary clouds into deadly
typhoons
converging winds also help the movement
of warm moist air from the ocean upwards
and contribute to the circulation of the
typhoon
with an organized circulation the low
pressure area
becomes a tropical depression as the
tropical depression drifts
it may encounter areas of the ocean
where it is exceptionally warm
this will further drive the increase of
its circulation
transforming it into a typhoon and when
conditions are ideal
the system starts to rotate even faster
and now on a clear center the eye of the
title
this is a look inside perhaps one of the
strongest storms in recorded history
super typhoon haiyan has made a direct
hit on the island
[Music]
the typhoon slammed into the philippines
at 4 30 a.m friday morning
with winds of 195 miles per hour
and gusts of 235 miles an hour that's
higher than the winds from hurricane
sandy
and katrina combined
the powerful storm plowed through the
island leaving homes and buildings
destroyed
government officials say many devastated
areas will be uninhabitable for months
the country's president says they are
facing a calamity
this was the scene in tacloban city
which was in the direct path of the
storm
this reporter from cnn affiliate abs-cbn
was forced inside as the storm barreled
in
and watched the street below him become
a flood zone
water from the storm as high as 10 feet
in some areas
two barges near the city of behall were
left stranded
the huge waves prevented rescue crews
from reaching them
crew members abandoned ship by jumping
into the churning water
trying to scramble back to land as of
now one of the crew remains missing
the typhoon came with warning 125
thousand people were able to seek refuge
and evacuation shelters
and in some places the cleanup has
already begun
but aid workers have not been able to
reach some of the hardest hit areas
to the full picture of the devastation
from this powerful storm
is still unknown the type of tropical
cyclone is characterized by the maximum
sustained wind speed
64 kilometers per hour it is called
tropical depression
118 tropical storm 200
typhoon and greater than 200 is called
super typhoon next is thunderstorm
a violent short weather disturbance that
is almost always associated with
lightning
thunder dense clouds heavy rain or hail
and strong gusty winds thunderstorms
arise when layers of warm moist air rise
to cooler regions of the atmosphere
the moisture condenses to form towering
chameleon nimbus clouds and eventually
precipitate
electrical charges accumulate on cloud
particles
lightning discharges occur when the
accumulated electric charge becomes
sufficiently large
lightning hits the air it passes through
so intensely and quickly that shock
waves are produced
these shock waves are heard as claps and
rolls of thunder
severe thunderstorms can cause injury or
death and can also result in substantial
property damage
many hazardous weather events are
associated with thunderstorms
lightning is responsible for several
fires around the world each year
as well as causing deaths when people
are struck
under the right conditions rainfall from
thunderstorms can cause
flash flooding which can change small
creeks into raging torrents in a matter
of minutes
washing away large boulders and man-made
structures
next we have floods an overflow of water
onto normally dry land
the outpouring of a normally dry area
caused by rising water in an existing
waterway
such as a river stream or drainage
waterway
a flood caused by heavy or excessive
rainfall in a short period of time
generally less than six hours is called
flash flood
these are usually characterized by
raging fast moving water
after heavy rains that rip through river
beds
urban streets or mountain valleys
sweeping everything before them
storm surge is a typical rise of water
generated by a storm
over and above the predicted
astronomical tides
storm surge should not be confused with
storm tide which is defined as the water
level rise due to the combination of
storm surge and the astronomical time
[Music]
next we have tornado locally known as
ipo ipo
having narrow funnel or cylindrical
shaped and intensely rotating columns of
winds that form
during powerful thunderstorms and
extends from the base of the communist
cloud down to the earth's surface
tornadoes are a dangerous force of
nature
it rotates usually in a counterclockwise
direction and reach
speeds of up to almost 500 kilometers
per hour
tornadoes can flatten houses and lift
cars
off the ground
[Music]
next we have monsoon a weather pattern
in the philippines we have the southwest
monsoon and the north is
monsoon southwest monsoon or summer
monsoon locally called habagat
is characterized by a strong generally
west or southwest breeze
that is responsible for bringing
significant rainfall to the asian
subcontinent
and to south and east asia
northeast monsoon or winter monsoon
locally called the amihan
this weather features a generally less
strong
east or northeast breeze that is cooler
and drier
with prolonged periods of successive
cloudless days
next we have el nino a prolonged unusual
warming of sea surface temperature in
central in eastern equatorial pacific
this natural phenomenon occurs at
irregular intervals of two to seven
years and lasts for nine months or two
years at most
it results to the warmer water
concentrated in the west
in colder water in the east el nino will
most likely bring severe drought
it is believed that it causes stronger
thunderstorm disturbance and massive
storms
it also causes the decrease in the
population of some species
la nina is the opposite of el nino it is
a prolonged unusual cooling of sea
temperatures in central and eastern
equatorial pacific that may last for one
to three years
people will likely experience above
normal rainfall during la nina
in order to mitigate the hazards and
risks in your community
hazard maps are used it encourages
everyone in the community to take action
to prevent a possible disaster or reduce
its effect if it happens
hazard map is a map that highlights
areas that are affected by
or are vulnerable to a particular hazard
normally created for natural hazards
such as earthquakes
volcanoes landslides flooding and
tsunamis
hazard maps help prevent serious damage
and deaths
hazard maps are effective tools for
promoting risk awareness
for designing evacuation procedures and
for deciding the locations of
evacuation facilities and shelters
hazard maps should be easy to understand
and easy to use for purposes of prompt
evacuation
and users should be aware of the
limitations and uncertainties
of the information they contain
and that ends our lesson i hope you
learned something today congratulations
thank you for watching
[Music]
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