REAL LIFE example!! (TCP/IP and OSI layers) // FREE CCNA // EP 4

Summary

In this fourth episode of the free CCNA course, sponsored by Bozon Software, the tutorial delves into the TCP/IP and OSI networking models. It follows a packet's journey through a network, illustrating how it interacts with each layer. The video uses a simulation of Johnny ordering coffee from NetworkChuck.Coffee, detailing the process from the application layer to the physical layer. Key concepts like encapsulation, ports, IP and MAC addresses, and the roles of switches and routers are explained. The episode concludes with challenging quiz questions to test viewers' understanding of the OSI model and TCP.

Takeaways

• 🎓 This is the fourth episode of a free CCNA course sponsored by Bozon Software, which provides CCNA and CCNP labs and practice exams.
• 🌐 The video explains the TCP/IP and OSI networking models, which are essential for understanding how computers connect in a network.
• 📦 The tutorial follows a packet's journey through a network, demonstrating how it interacts with each layer of the OSI model.
• 🖥️ The scenario involves Johnny accessing 'networkchuck.coffee' over the internet to order coffee, using this as a practical example to explain networking concepts.
• 🔍 The video uses Packet Tracer software to simulate network traffic and analyze the packet's progression through the layers.
• 🔑 Layer 7, the Application Layer, is where Johnny's web browser initiates an HTTPS request to access the website, highlighting the use of HTTP and HTTPS protocols.
• 🛠️ Encapsulation is a key process explained, where data is wrapped with headers as it moves down from the Application Layer to the Physical Layer.
• 🔄 The video covers the Transport Layer (Layer 4), explaining the difference between TCP and UDP, and the importance of port numbers like 443 for HTTPS.
• 🌐 The Network Layer (Layer 3) is where IP addresses are used to direct packets to their destination, with routers playing a crucial role in this process.
• 🔗 The Data Link Layer (Layer 2) involves MAC addresses and the use of switches to direct frames to the next network device.
• 🔍 The Physical Layer (Layer 1) is the actual transmission of electrical signals over Ethernet cables, representing the physical medium of the network.
• 📝 The video concludes with a quiz to test understanding, focusing on the functions of the Application Layer and the protocols involved in reliable data transfer.

Q & A

What is the main focus of episode four of the CCNA course?

The main focus of episode four is to understand how packets travel through a network, following the packet's journey as it interacts with each layer of the OSI model.

Why is Bozon Software mentioned in the video?

Bozon Software is mentioned as the official sponsor of the CCNA course, making it possible for the course to be offered for free.

What are the two main networking models discussed in the video?

The two main networking models discussed are the TCP/IP model and the OSI model, with the video using the OSI model for reference to explain the packet's journey.

What does Johnny want to do in the scenario presented in the video?

Johnny wants to order some coffee from the website networkchuck.coffee by going over the internet.

What is the significance of the traffic being filtered to HTTP and HTTPS in the video?

Filtering the traffic to HTTP and HTTPS allows the viewer to focus on web-related traffic, omitting other protocols such as ARP requests and DNS queries that were covered in previous videos.

What is the role of the application layer (Layer 7) in the OSI model as described in the video?

The application layer is responsible for managing communications between applications, directing data to the correct program, and using protocols like HTTP and HTTPS for web browser interactions.

Why is the transport layer (Layer 4) important in the video's explanation?

The transport layer is important because it determines how data is transported, using either TCP for reliable delivery or UDP for faster, less reliable transport, and includes port numbers to direct the data to the correct application.

What is encapsulation as explained in the video?

Encapsulation in the video is the process of adding headers to the data as it moves down through the OSI model layers, with each layer adding its own information, such as ports for Layer 4 and IP addresses for Layer 3.

How does the video illustrate the difference between a packet and a frame?

The video illustrates that a packet includes all layers above Layer 2, encapsulated with a Layer 3 header, while a frame includes all layers encapsulated down to Layer 2, with MAC addresses, and is what is sent over the physical medium.

What happens when a packet reaches a router as described in the video?

When a packet reaches a router, the router de-encapsulates the packet to examine the Layer 3 header to determine the destination IP address and then uses its routing table to forward the packet to the next hop.

What is the purpose of the three-way handshake mentioned in the video?

The three-way handshake is a process used by TCP to establish a connection-oriented, reliable data transfer between networked computers before actual data transmission begins.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Introduction to Networking Models

The script introduces Episode Four of a free CCNA course, sponsored by Bozon Software. It emphasizes the importance of networking models like TCP/IP and OSI for computer connectivity. The video aims to illustrate how a packet traverses a network, interacting with different layers. The presenter uses the OSI model for reference, adding extra layers like session and presentation for clarity. The scenario involves Johnny ordering coffee from NetworkChuck.Coffee, and the video uses Packet Tracer to simulate this process. The focus is on HTTP and HTTPS traffic, and viewers are encouraged to download the Packet Tracer file for a hands-on experience.

05:01

📨 Application and Transport Layer Analysis

This section delves into the application and transport layers of the OSI model, detailing how Johnny's HTTP request to NetworkChuck.Coffee is processed. The application layer, layer 7, uses HTTP over SSL (HTTPS) to ensure secure communication. The script explains the concept of encapsulation, where data is wrapped in headers as it moves down the OSI stack. At the transport layer, layer 4, TCP is chosen for reliable data transfer on port 443. The process of adding headers and the significance of ports in directing traffic are discussed. The segment, which includes the data and layer 4 header, is highlighted as a key component in data transmission.

10:01

🔗 Network Layer and Encapsulation Process

The script continues with the network layer, layer 3, focusing on IP addresses and the role of routers. It describes how a packet is encapsulated with a layer 3 header containing source and destination IP addresses, turning the segment into a packet. The importance of the encapsulation process is reiterated, with a practical example of how data is passed down to the data link layer. The packet's journey from Johnny's laptop to the router is visualized, and the concept of frames, which include layer 2 headers, is introduced. The script explains how switches use MAC addresses to direct frames and how routers de-encapsulate packets to read layer 3 information.

15:02

🌐 Deep Dive into TCP/IP Suite and Quiz

The final paragraph summarizes the entire process of Johnny's request being handled by the TCP/IP suite, from encapsulation into a frame to its transmission across the network. It touches on the de-encapsulation process at NetworkChuck.Coffee's server, which reads the request and initiates a response. The script then transitions into a quiz format, challenging viewers with questions about the OSI model's application layer and the transport layer's role in ensuring reliable data transfer. The quiz is designed to test comprehension and application of the concepts discussed in the video.

Keywords

💡CCNA

CCNA stands for Cisco Certified Network Associate, which is an entry-level certification program offered by Cisco Systems. It is designed to provide networking professionals with the skills and knowledge needed to install, operate, and troubleshoot medium-sized routed and switched networks. In the video, the course is focused on preparing for the CCNA exam, and the sponsor, Bozon Software, is mentioned as providing valuable resources for CCNA and CCNP candidates.

💡Bozon Software

Bozon Software is referred to as the official sponsor of the CCNA course in the video. It is likely a company that provides educational materials, labs, and practice exams for networking certifications such as CCNA and CCNP. The mention of Bozon Software in the script highlights its role in supporting the creation of free educational content for the viewers.

💡TCP/IP Model

The TCP/IP Model, also known as the Internet Protocol Suite, is a conceptual framework used to understand the workings of the internet and computer networking. It consists of four layers: the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer. In the video, the script mentions that while the OSI model is used for reference, the actual implementation follows the TCP/IP model, emphasizing its practical relevance in networking.

💡OSI Model

The OSI Model, or Open Systems Interconnection Model, is a seven-layer framework that standardizes the functions of a network system. It includes the Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, and Application Layer. The video script uses the OSI model to explain how data packets travel through a network, adding the Session and Presentation layers for educational purposes.

💡Encapsulation

Encapsulation in networking refers to the process of wrapping data in protocol-specific headers and trailers as it moves down through the OSI model layers. This process is crucial for the data to be properly formatted and addressed at each layer. In the video, encapsulation is described as the act of placing a data packet into 'envelopes' with headers that contain necessary information for routing and delivery.

💡HTTP and HTTPS

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP Secure) are protocols used for transmitting data over the internet. HTTP is the basic protocol, while HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP that encrypts data to ensure privacy and security. The video script mentions that the application layer protocol used in the example is HTTPS, indicating a secure communication attempt to access a website.

💡Port 443

Port 443 is a network port that is commonly used for HTTPS traffic, which is a secure version of HTTP. It is the default port for HTTPS and is used to distinguish secure web traffic from regular HTTP traffic, which typically uses port 80. In the video, port 443 is mentioned as the destination port for the secure web traffic to the coffee ordering website.

💡IP Addresses

An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. In the video, IP addresses are discussed in the context of the Network Layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model), where they are used to route packets of data to their destination.

💡MAC Addresses

A MAC address, or Media Access Control address, is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment. In the video, MAC addresses are mentioned in relation to the Data Link Layer (Layer 2 of the OSI model), where they are used by switches to forward frames to their destination.

💡Packet Tracer

Packet Tracer is a network simulation tool that allows users to create and manipulate network topologies and to visualize the flow of data across the network. In the video, Packet Tracer is used as a teaching tool to demonstrate how packets move through a network, helping to illustrate the concepts being taught in the CCNA course.

💡Routers and Switches

Routers and switches are networking devices that facilitate the transfer of data across networks. Routers operate at the Network Layer and use IP addresses to direct data, while switches operate at the Data Link Layer and use MAC addresses. The video script explains the roles of routers and switches in forwarding data packets based on the headers encapsulated at different OSI model layers.

Highlights

Introduction to episode four of a free CCNA course sponsored by Bozon Software.

Emphasis on the importance of TCP and OSI networking models for computer connectivity.

Overview of following a packet's journey through a network, interacting with each OSI layer.

Scenario setup where Johnny orders coffee from NetworkChuck.Coffee over the internet.

Explanation of using the OSI model for educational purposes despite the practical use of the TCP/IP model.

Use of Packet Tracer to simulate and visualize the network traversal process.

Description of traffic filtering to focus on HTTP and HTTPS protocols for web traffic.

Detail on the process of Johnny initiating a web request by typing a URL into his browser.

Explanation of the application layer (Layer 7) and the use of HTTP and HTTPS protocols.

Discussion on the transport layer (Layer 4), focusing on TCP for reliability and UDP for speed.

Clarification of port 443 being reserved for HTTPS traffic and port 80 for HTTP.

Introduction to the concept of encapsulation as data moves down the OSI model layers.

Explanation of the network layer (Layer 3) focusing on IP addresses and routing.

Discussion on the data link layer (Layer 2), involving MAC addresses and switches.

Illustration of how a switch directs frames based on MAC addresses using its CAM table.

Description of the process of de-encapsulation as data is received and processed by network devices.

Final steps in the data transmission process from the server back to Johnny's laptop.

Quiz time with challenging questions related to the OSI model functions and TCP.

Conclusion of the episode with a call to action for feedback and further engagement.

Transcripts

this is episode four of my free

ccna course and a huge shout out to

bozon software the official sponsor of

this ccna course

they are the reason this can be made

available for free so i highly encourage

you to go check them out

they have the absolute best ccna ccnp

labs and practice exams tcp and osi

networking models that define how we

connect our computers

without these we wouldn't have

networking so in this video we're going

to watch it happen we're going to follow

a packet as it goes

through a network and how it interacts

with each layer

let's do it

[Music]

okay same scenario as the last video

johnny wants some delicious

network chuck coffee so he needs to go

over the internet to access

networkchuck.coffee to

order some coffee let's watch his

packets go across the network

and we'll analyze the layers as it goes

across the network let's check it out

now i'll say it again in reality we're

using the tcp ip model which is this

but for reference i'm going to use the

osi model so i'll add in those extra

layers the session layer and the

presentation layer just going to add

those in there

stack them up and if you want to follow

along which i highly encourage you to do

that it's really helpful to watch this

actually happen

use your own computer so i got a link

below download this package tracer file

that i'm about to walk through

go ahead and do it right now i'll wait

for you if you pause otherwise here we

go

so using simulation mode we'll watch

johnny go all the way across the network

to access networkshop.com which is this

server right here

and order some delicious coffee so let's

click on simulation and watch this in

bullet time because it's

it's amazing now as we go through this i

want you to notice one thing

i have our traffic filtered meaning that

i'm

only looking at http in https traffic

web traffic things you might use to

access a website i'm telling you this

because you won't see things that we saw

in the last video like

arp requests to discover a device's mac

address you won't see a dns query

so johnny can discover the ip address in

narc shock.coffee if you want to see

those things you can

just go edit the filters right here you

can unlock all those goodies so we're

going to open up johnny's laptop here

we're going to navigate over to his

desktop and click on web browser

we're going to type in https colon whack

network chuck dot coffee

and go now nothing happened because

we're filtering traffic

let me step forward in time and watch

things happen there we go

so we see here we have our blue message

our blue packet that johnny is

getting ready to send out in our

simulation panel here you can actually

see we have two separate messages

why well one is what he's getting ready

the other is what he's sending out to

the switch

let's open up that first one and take a

look i'll just select that first message

right here

you can see we have our wonderful seven

layers of the osi even though we're

actually using tcpip

again i'm telling you the networking

world always uses the seven layers

always so let's analyze this first

johnny starts out by using layer 7.

what's layer 7 it's our application

layer

what application is he using well we get

a message right here

because we have that layer selected the

http client sends an http request to the

server what that basically means is that

johnny's web browser

is attempting to access a website so

simply this is the application layer the

protocol we're using here is the http

protocol

and actually we're using the https

because it's secure and encrypted

but this is an example of an application

layer protocol that is used by

things like hey your web browser you're

using that right now so johnny types in

networkchuck.com into his web browser

he hits enter and his computer gets to

work and so again the application

protocol we're using is https

and the computer takes this data and

gets it ready to send out now at this

point

the computer's goal is to get the data

all the way down through the layers down

to the physical layer so it can go

across our ethernet cable

through the internet to the other server

to the networkchuck.cof server but

what's happening in all this mess what's

going

on let's talk about it now we're gonna

skip these two layers for now we will go

into more detail later but again

typically they're

meshed into the application layer anyhow

so it's okay looking back at packet

tracer we're on to layer four now

layer four is our transport layer for

now the way i want you to think about it

is

how can we transport the data how can we

get it there and we really have two main

options we can use tcp

or udp now i'm not going to cover this

super in depth right now but just know

that when we use tcp

it's more reliable it's when we want to

make sure our message actually gets

there

we have mechanisms in place to make sure

that if it doesn't get there we can send

it again

whereas udp is not as reliable as tcp

and it's typically seen as a

faster transport method so when it comes

to the transport layer these are the two

main options we have and then we have

our ports now the destination port here

is destination 443

you might recognize this port 443 is

reserved for https traffic

you might also be familiar with port 80

which is http traffic

again we'll cover more in detail later

but just know that that's what's

happening right now

so i'll move on down through our layers

real quick put our data down here

and the transport information we're

going to use will slap on as a layer 4

header we'll attach that to our data

and inside this header are things like

hey we're going to be using tcp

and we'll be using port 443 now what

just happened here

is important the process of taking our

application data

and then scooting it on down here and

slapping on that layer 4 header

that's called encapsulation this

encapsulation process actually happened

up here as well

the web browser encapsulated whatever

johnny wanted to send to the network

coffee server which is him saying get me

some coffee it's a message saying get me

some coffee he encapsulated that into a

http header which is our data the way i

like to see this is let's say

for example the data is like a message a

letter we encapsulate that message into

a

http header which is our data when we

moved on down to the transport layer

we took that data envelope and we put it

inside another envelope we encapsulated

it and this new envelope has our data

inside and this is our layer 4 header

and that's the way i like to visualize

encapsulation we'll keep taking our

letters and just putting them inside

other

envelopes other letters until we get to

the bottom which is our data link and

i'll show you oh by the way this

message right here when we have our data

encapsulated with a layer 4 header

attached we call this message a segment

and now we're getting into familiar

territory we're at layer 3.

layer 3 again is our network layer and

if you watched our previous video you

know that layer 3 we're dealing with

iop addresses we're dealing with routers

love that stuff

so in this layer 3 header we see that we

have our source ip address

and we have our destination ip address

this ip address being johnny's ip

address and this ip address being the ip

address of the networkchuck.coffee

server

so we'll drag our segment down on to

layer 3

and we'll encapsulate that segment by

adding a layer 3

header and again our layer 3 header is

going to contain the ip address

information and we're basically telling

our router

where to send this we're giving our

router directions we're saying hey mr

router here's my source ip this is who

the

message is from which is 10.1.1.3 and

then the destination ip address which

was 23.227.38.65

now let's test your memory you would

have learned this from the last video

what is this new message we have what is

it called

what do we call that if you said packet

you're absolutely right a packet has

all the layers above it the transport

session presentation application

all those layers encapsulated with a

layer three header telling the router

hey here's where you send this info and

now we're at layer two

almost there layer two is our data link

layer with data link our layer two we're

dealing with mac addresses we're giving

our switch directions to the next stop

that our information is taking in this

case it'll be our router here we have

the

mac address of johnny's laptop and here

we have the mac address of the router

so now i'll move down our packet into

layer two

and we'll slap on our layer two header

and layer two also have a trailer as

well and this will encapsulate it into a

message that we call

well what do we call it what do we call

messages that deal with layer two

that deal with mac addresses and

switches if you set frames you gotta

this message is indeed a frame

a frame has all these layers

encapsulated down and inside these layer

two headers we have the directions for

the switch

telling the switch where to send his

message so in this case we have the

source mac address

which is johnny's mac address and then

we have the next stop the destination

which is our router and that's

pretty much it we've encapsulated all

the layers down to a frame and now we

can send that frame

over the physical layer the ethernet

cable so he hits the wire and boom

and actually he's up here so he goes

from johnny to the switch

let's watch it happen in packet tracer

if we step forward in time we see that

frame go to the switch if we open up

that frame

we're only seeing layer one and layer

two because the switch can't see

anything else

all these layers right here have been

encapsulated down

into this frame and when the switch

receives his frame he's got this bulky

envelope

but he only opens the first envelope and

he opens it up and goes oh

well it's going to this mac address

which if i look in my

cam table my mac address table i can see

that mac address belongs to this port

i'm going to send it out this port

that's where the router is see right

here he looked it up and

fast ethernet 06 is the port that the

router belongs to let's step forward in

time and watch it happen

boom it goes out to the router and boom

it also does it here

if we open up that message the router

did indeed receive a frame

and he made sure that it was for him it

came to his mac address

he will then do the opposite of

encapsulation he'll de-encapsulate it

which basically means he opens the next

envelope to see what the next layer says

so he takes a peek at layer 3. at this

point we're dealing with the packet with

the layer 3 header the layer 4 header

and the data

the router looks at the layer 3 header

sees where it needs to go what

is the destination ip address looks in

his routing table he's like yeah i know

where that goes

i've got my map i'm a layer 3 guy and he

then proceeds to send it out to the

switch

now something important happens here

remember the switch can only deal

with layer 2. if you recall from our

previous videos the router has to

somehow tell the switch

how to get to networkcheck.coffee he has

to tell him his mac address

otherwise the switch will have no idea

where to send it because he can't see ip

addresses so after the router learns the

mac address of

networkchuck.coffee using arp he

encapsulates his layer 3 header which is

the ip address information

inside a new layer 2 header and he

changed the source and destination mac

address

and he had to change it because before

the message he received the

source mac address was johnny and the

destination was himself

now he has to change it to being the

source is himself and the destination is

networkchuck.coffee so he encapsulates

that it's now a layer two frame

and he sends it off to the switch we'll

step forward in time and pack a tracer

here the message arrives at the switch

if we open that up

here we are again switch eyes we can

only see layer two and layer one the

switch looks in his cam table as mac

address table

sees that hey network check dot coffee

does indeed live on fast ethernet zero

one

that's where i'm gonna send that sucker

that's where i'm firing the electrical

signals and he does that let's watch we

step forward in time once more

boom the frame goes to

networkchuck.coffee

if we open the message up we now have

all the layers once more and here's what

just happened

the switch sent this frame to

networkcheck.coffee now because the

server

that runs networkcheck.coffee was built

obeying the guidelines of the tcpip

model when it receives a frame it knows

exactly what to do it'll first do

exactly what the router did

look at the layer 2 header make sure

that hey this is actually for me it's my

mac address

hey cool he'll take a look at the layer

2 header he'll open up that message and

go oh

yeah this is my mac address it's to me

awesome he'll then de-encapsulate

or open up the next message and look at

the layer 3 header and go

huh look it's for me too this is my ip

address

awesome he'll then de-encapsulate it

once more opening up the layer 4 message

and going oh hey

we're using tcp oh and awesome i love

443

reasoning port 443 and then he sends it

up to the next layer

and then finally the last layer the

application layer opens up that last

message and goes oh

it's for me https it's browser

information

it's website stuff awesome so real quick

a thousand foot view what johnny had to

do is he had to

use the entire tcp ip suite

encapsulating all this stuff down into a

frame

and then he sends this frame across the

physical network across

ethernet cables and such touching each

device a switch a router another switch

and then finally arriving at

networkchalk.coffee networkchuck.coffee

took that frame

and then de-encapsulated the entire

thing to look inside and see

what was meant for the web browser the

application information of course in

this case

the data was a request for his

web server johnny's wanting to buy some

coffee and johnny's like hey

i'm trying to get to the homepage of

networkcheck.com can you give me the

home page so i can shop

so the web server reads that request

which is inside the data and the whole

process starts over again

the networkcheck.cof server encapsulates

all the information

into a frame sends that to the switch

the switch sends it to the router

the router to the switch the switch to

johnny and this is what johnny receives

all right quiz time i hope you have your

copy ready because these questions i

chose are kind of difficult

one is from the old ccna and one is from

the

old ccnp route exam so let's see what

you got

let's go question number one which of

the following functions are performed

by the application layer of the osi

model select

three choices now if you just started

studying networking

this could be a difficult question for

you but when i encounter a difficult

test question i start with the process

of elimination

so let's take out things that we know

have nothing to do with the application

layer which again is layer seven

looking at this i think d is probably

not it at all

managing logical and physical addressing

when i hear that i think mac addresses

layer 2 definitely not layer 7.

another one that you might pick up on is

that b is probably not the answer either

ensuring error-free data delivery

between devices this makes me think

transport layer and specifically tcp tcp

gives us reliable delivery of our

packets

of our data so now we're down to four

choices and i'm gonna go ahead and

select the right answers

and i'll explain why a c

and e let's see if i'm right boom

now here's the tricky part though this

is correct for the osi model so these

three

options are absolutely applicable to

layer seven the one we didn't select

down here the one we didn't eliminate

this is part of the presentation layer

which is layer six

but as part of the tcp model layer six

layer seven and even layer five

are all clumped together in the

application layer and if we had talked

about the presentation

layer in detail you would have known

that this is not it but we didn't so

it's okay if you didn't get this

now c and e we probably could have just

guessed that without having even known

anything about layer seven managing

communications between applications

directing data to the correct program

programs another word for applications

a would have been a bit more fuzzy but

just from the process of elimination

we would have got that one question

number two which of the following relies

on a three-way handshake in order to

provide connection-oriented reliable

reliable data transfer between networked

computers

select the best answer now again this is

a question that has terms you have not

learned yet or possibly one of those

being the three-way handshake

we haven't talked about that yet but

through the process of elimination

we can look at these answers and go huh

that's probably not that so for example

arp

when we talked about routers and

switches we learned what arp does

it's how a host on a network can find

out what mac address belongs to a

certain ip address

so that's not it we can mark off a dns

we saw what that was in our

router video dns helps us map a friendly

name like netflix.com or

networkchuck.coffee to an ip address so

that's not it

and then down here even though it looks

kind of weird rarp

it stands for reverse arp and it's arp

and reverse

you got the mac address but you want to

find the ip address so that's not it

now we have two options and we just

learned about these didn't we

tcp and udp are two of the main

protocols we can select when we are

using the transport layer

now out of those two options which of

them do you think provide connection

oriented

reliable data transfer

well udp no it's fast but it's not

reliable

tcp yeah it is if we select this answer

and see

if we're right we are right now if you

got that right

that's impressive that's a ccnp level

question from the old ccmp route and the

route exam

i failed that three times three no two

times

it was a tough exam well guys that's

about it if you like this video hit that

like button if you have any questions or

comments or need help with the ccna

comment below or jump into my discord

server i got a link below for that as

well if you want to see more stuff

like this more courses check out this is

it.i o it's a collaboration between

myself and david bomble

it's pretty cool go check it out link

below and that was episode four the osi

model the tcp ip model

we saw what happened we saw it happen in

real time in the coming videos we're

going to explore them a bit more

jumping into the upper layers the

application the presentation the session

the transport we're going to dive deeper

into those layers

and yeah that's it i'll catch you guys

later

[Music]

foreign