DISTINGUISHING TRUTH FROM OPINION
Summary
TLDREn el episodio 5 de la serie de conferencias 'Introducción a la filosofía de la persona humana', se explora cómo distinguir la verdad de la opinión. Se define la verdad como un hecho verificable con datos objetivos, mientras que la opinión es subjetiva y basada en sentimientos. Se presentan estrategias para identificar la verdad, como preguntar si una declaración es verdadera y si puede ser probada, y para reconocer opiniones, se sugiere buscar palabras que revelen sentimientos o juicios personales. Ejemplos como la independencia de Filipinas en 1946 y la opinión sobre el trato a los desamparados en Estados Unidos se utilizan para ilustrar la diferencia entre ambas.
Takeaways
- 😀 La verdad expresa eventos que han ocurrido o que pueden ser probados por datos objetivos y se puede verificar porque hay evidencias que respaldan la afirmación.
- 🎯 La verdad es objetiva y no se basa en actitudes, sentimientos o emociones personales.
- 🔍 La verdad se descubre a través de la evidencia y se puede verificar si hay dudas.
- 🌐 La verdad refleja la realidad, es decir, los objetos o cosas que existen tanto intrínsecamente como extrínsecamente.
- 📜 Un ejemplo de verdad es 'En 1946, el gobierno de Estados Unidos otorgó la independencia completa a Filipinas', ya que se puede verificar en fuentes históricas.
- 💭 La opinión expresa una actitud hacia algo y hace un juicio, visión o conclusión basada en sentimientos y pensamientos personales.
- 🤔 Una opinión es una declaración que no se puede probar como verdadera o falsa y es subjetiva, ya que varía según las emociones y actitudes de cada individuo.
- 💡 Las opiniones son creadas a partir de las creencias, emociones y actitudes personales hacia un objeto o tema específico.
- 🌟 Una opinión interpreta la realidad; es una visión personal basada en creencias y sentimientos que pueden diferir de las de otros.
- ⛔ Las opiniones no se pueden verificar porque son interpretaciones personales y están influenciadas por la subjetividad del individuo.
- 🔑 Para distinguir la verdad de la opinión, se pueden hacer preguntas como '¿Es esto verdad?' y '¿Se puede probar?', mientras que para identificar una opinión se pueden buscar palabras que indiquen sentimientos o actitudes personales.
Q & A
¿Cuál es la diferencia fundamental entre la verdad y la opinión según el guion del video?
-La verdad expresa lo que realmente ocurrió o lo que se puede probar con datos objetivos, mientras que la opinión expresa una actitud hacia algo y no se puede probar como verdadera o falsa.
¿Cómo se define la verdad en el contexto del video?
-La verdad se define como una afirmación que se puede probar verdadera o falsa, es objetiva, descubierta, estatal de la realidad y verificable.
¿Qué ejemplo de verdad se proporciona en el video?
-El ejemplo de verdad proporcionado es que el gobierno americano otorgó la independencia completa a Filipinas en 1946.
¿Qué características específicas distinguen una opinión de la verdad según el video?
-Una opinión es una declaración que no se puede probar verdadera o falsa, es subjetiva, creada, interpreta la realidad y no se puede verificar.
¿Cuál es el ejemplo de opinión que se discute en el video?
-El ejemplo de opinión es que el trato de Estados Unidos a los sin techo es una vergüenza.
¿Cómo se sugiere distinguir la verdad de la opinión en el video?
-Se sugiere hacer preguntas como '¿Es esto verdad?' y '¿Se puede probar?' para identificar la verdad, y preguntarse '¿Esto expresa cómo alguien se siente o piensa?' para identificar la opinión.
¿Qué palabras o frases son indicativas de una opinión según el video?
-Palabras como 'creer', 'sentir', 'parecer', y superlativos extremos como 'mejor', 'peor', 'más', 'menos' son indicativos de una opinión.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la verdad y la opinión en términos de la forma en que se verifican?
-La verdad se puede verificar con datos objetivos y pruebas, mientras que la opinión, que se basa en sentimientos y perspectivas personales, no se puede verificar de la misma manera.
¿Cómo se relaciona la realidad con la verdad y la opinión según el video?
-La verdad declara la realidad, es decir, describe lo que existe de manera objetiva, mientras que la opinión interpreta la realidad basándose en las percepciones y actitudes personales.
¿Qué estrategias adicionales se sugieren para distinguir la verdad de la opinión en el video?
-Se sugiere buscar palabras clave que indiquen subjetividad o extremos en las declaraciones, y preguntarse si se puede verificar la afirmación con pruebas objetivas.
Outlines
📚 Diferencia entre la verdad y la opinión
El primer párrafo introduce el tema del episodio 5 de la serie de conferencias sobre la filosofía de la persona humana, enfocado en la distinción entre la verdad y la opinión. Se explica que la verdad es un enunciado que puede ser probado o refutado con datos objetivos y que describe hechos concretos. La verdad es objetiva, descubierta y verificable. Se da un ejemplo de verdad: 'En 1946, el gobierno de Estados Unidos otorgó la independencia completa a Filipinas', que se puede verificar en libros de historia. Por otro lado, la opinión refleja una actitud o juicio personal hacia algo y está basada en emociones o pensamientos, lo que la hace subjetiva y no verificable.
🔍 Estrategias para distinguir la verdad de la opinión
El segundo párrafo profundiza en cómo distinguir la verdad de la opinión. Se sugiere preguntarse si una afirmación es verdadera y si puede ser probada para determinar si es una verdad. Se contrasta con la opinión, que no puede ser comprobada y está influenciada por la perspectiva personal del individuo. Se mencionan palabras clave que a menudo indican una opinión, como 'creer', 'pensar', 'sentir' y 'parecer', y se enfatiza la importancia de descartar sesgos y emociones para establecer la verdad.
🏃 Analizando enunciados como verdad o opinión
El tercer párrafo presenta una serie de enunciados para identificar si son verdad o opinión. Se explica que el uso de superlativos, como 'más rápido' o 'el peor', suele indicar una opinión, ya que refleja la percepción personal del autor. Se evalúan ejemplos como 'El cheetah es la criatura terrestre más rápida' y 'Michael Jordan tuvo un promedio de 30.4 puntos por partido', concluyendo que el primero es una opinión y el segundo es una verdad debido a que se puede verificar a través de registros estadísticos.
🏁 Resumen y despedida del episodio
El cuarto y último párrafo del guion del video proporciona un resumen de los enunciados analizados como verdad o opinión. Se concluye que los enunciados que se pueden verificar con evidencias son verdades, mientras que aquellos basados en la percepción o emociones del autor son opiniones. El presentador expresa su deseo de que los espectadores hayan aprendido algo del episodio y los anima a unirse al siguiente episodio, número 6.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Verdad
💡Opinión
💡Objetividad
💡Descubrimiento
💡Realidad
💡Verificación
💡Sentimientos
💡Evidencia
💡Superlativos
💡Contexto
Highlights
Truth is defined as a statement that can be proven true or false based on objective data or evidence.
Truth is objective and not based on personal feelings or emotions.
Truth is discovered through evidence and is not influenced by personal bias.
Truth states reality, which is the foundation of acquiring knowledge and the ultimate goal is the truth.
Truth can be verified through evidence and is not a matter of personal belief.
An example of truth is the statement about the American government granting full independence to the Philippines in 1946.
Opinion expresses an attitude or judgment towards something and is based on personal feelings or thoughts.
Opinions are subjective and vary from person to person based on their emotions and attitudes.
Opinions are created based on personal beliefs, feelings, and attitudes towards a particular subject.
Opinions interpret reality, offering a personal viewpoint that may differ from others.
Opinions cannot be verified as they are based on personal interpretations and feelings.
An example of an opinion is the statement about America's treatment of the homeless being a disgrace.
To distinguish truth from opinion, ask if the statement can be proven true or false.
Words like 'think', 'feel', 'believe', 'seem' are clues that a statement may be an opinion.
Extreme words such as 'all', 'none', 'best', 'worst' indicate a statement is likely an opinion.
The statement 'The fastest land dwelling creature is the cheetah' is an opinion because it's based on the author's feeling.
Michael Jordan's average of 30.4 points per game is a truth as it can be verified through NBA statistics.
George Washington being the first president of the United States is a truth, verifiable through historical records.
The statement 'Prison is one of the worst places on the planet' is an opinion based on the author's personal view.
The statement 'There seems to be too much standardized testing in public schools' is an opinion reflecting the author's belief.
Transcripts
[Music]
so
[Music]
good day everyone welcome to episode 5
of our lecture series
in introduction to philosophy of the
human person
for today's episode our topic is all
about distinguishing truth from
opinion or how can we distinguish truth
from opinion ok let us discuss
first the difference between truth and
opinion
so what is truth truth expresses only
what
actually happened or what could be
proven by objective data
or those events that we experience that
we felt
that we saw or ensured that perceived
by our senses that's why
they can be proven or they can be tested
or they can be verified because there
are objective data
or concrete evidences that can support
to our claim
that this particular statement is true
specifically truth is a statement
that can be proven true or false yes
because if our data or evidences affirm
our claim to be true therefore it is
true
otherwise it is false number two
truth is objective yes if our claim
is true it is not based on our
attitude or feelings or emotion
therefore
it is objective it's true okay
number three truth is discovered
it is discovered because based on our
evidences
our claim is found to be true we
discovered it is true
because there are details that support
our claim that
is true okay number four truth states
reality
yes it states reality remember from our
previous lesson
reality are those objects that are
existing
rather intrinsic or extensive objects or
things
so if they are existing they are true
because reality is one of the foundation
of acquiring knowledge which the
ultimate goal is
the truth and number five
truth can be verified truth can be
verified
if we are in doubt about this particular
thing
we can verify it based on the evidences
presented okay those are specific
statements or descriptions about truth
okay so this is an example of truth
the statement is in 1946 the american
government granted the full
independence the philippines okay this
is an example of truth why first you can
verify
it in any number of preferences or
history rules
another the language used in the
statement reveals nothing about the
others feelings
towards the event so pedimention is
verifying
references special history book that if
you are going to
history book you will find this
statement
you will find this argument that the
american government granted the full
independence to the philippines in 1946
and another is
attitude feeling or emotion or worse
it's a feeling emotion or attitude norm
is speaker or other that's why it is
true okay let's move on with opinion
opinion expresses an attitude
towards something it makes a judgment
view
or conclusion okay
yes this is our attitude judgment
or view about a particular order
opinion involves our feelings our
thinking about this thing
that makes it cannot be proven unlike
truth okay so
opinion is quite different from truth
feeling any word coming from our
emotion based on our thinking
it is opinion so la la unions are
facts or truth okay specifically
an opinion is a statement that cannot be
proven
true or false yes how can you prove it
if it's based on your feeling it is
based on your
emotion it is based on your attitude
because
the opinion or the attitude the feeling
of others
may be different from you okay that's
why
an opinion is a statement that cannot be
proven
true or false again because it is based
on our
own view our own judgment or
conclusion okay number two an opinion is
subjective
yes it is subjective because our basis
here
is our own feeling or thinking about
this particular object
if it is objective you will disregard
your biases
you will disregard your emotion and
feeling
toward this particular object or thing
okay number three an opinion is
great why do we say that an opinion
is created okay it is created
because we can form our own opinion
based on our personal belief feeling
emotion and attitude
[Music]
feeling more emotional attitude toward a
particular object or
thing that's why an opinion is
created okay number four
an opinion interprets reality
if truth class is this reality an
opinion interprets reality
okay we can say that an opinion
interprets reality because that is our
own attitude
or belief toward reality
our belief or feeling may be differ from
the feeling or
belief of others so we have different
interpretations
or opinions toward something so whatever
our feeling
toward this object it is considered as
our interpretation
so that's why all interpretations
can be considered subjective okay
number five an opinion cannot be
verified
yes an opinion cannot be verified
because that is the interpretation
of the person towards something or
sinners
attitude
okay let's see the example okay the
statement is
america's treatment of the homeless is a
disgrace
now why it is considered as an opinion
look from the word disgrace it tells
readers
how they should feel about the subject
of homelessness in america
look and feelings cannot be checked for
accuracy as what i have said
because the feeling of others is
different from
the feeling of you and other
people once language brings emotions
into the picture yes in a subject arena
we have began to move away
from the word of truth
[Music]
so again we must but
disregard our biases our feelings
emotions and attitude
in order for us to uh establish
truth so this time let's discuss
the different strategies in order for
you to distinguish
truth from opinion easily
okay first if
you are looking for truth when you are
looking for the truth
ask this question is this true
because if the answer is yes therefore
it is true it means
that there are evidences that support
to this particular claim that this
statement is
true number two can it be proven
then we said earlier the truth can be
proven
if it's not proven or if you cannot
prove it
therefore that is not true
okay so in it means that there are
evidences
or references that you can use to prove
this particular claim or
statement so this is the first so
ask the question is this true second
can it be proven so if the answer is
yes and if you can prove it therefore it
is
a true okay another
when you are looking for an opinion ask
yourself
this particular question does this tell
how someone feels or things look
[Music]
therefore that is an opinion okay
another if you are looking for an
opinion
these are some of the clues okay
if the following words such as think
feel believe seem if you will see this
particular verse
deserve as clues that
this has an opinion why
i think it is true so that is your
opinion because you said i think
i feel that i am young
when i'm going to take this medicine
so
it seems that this statement is not
acceptable to others it seems
so you are not sure or
there are some other clues that will
serve as your guide
in identifying whether the statement is
true or
false so with the word
all all means
always lagging never
least most greatest in short
what have you noticed these words are
both extreme
both extreme look
all none best
worst most
list so
in short if we are going to state or
describe
something in its superlative degree
or in comparative degree
we can consider it as an opinion
okay let's try the following let's see
whether the following statement is
true or opinion number one
the fastest land dwelling creature is
the cheetah
is this statement truth or opinion
okay so with the presence of the word
fastest it is in the superlative form
fastest pinata so
to the author to the one who stated this
statement
cheetah is the fastest land dwelling
animal or creature so
for the author how about to others so
that is his own decision maybe
some other people
can say that the fastest and dwelling
creature
is the other animal so this is an
opinion and opinion of the author we can
verify okay number two
[Music]
michael jordan has a average of 30.4
points per game
is his truth or opinion
this is true because we can verify
we can verify to the book of uh of the
record
of the statistics in the nba game
that michael jordan has a horror average
of 30.4
points per game so it can be verified
if the statement class can be verified
therefore we can consider
it as number three
george washington was the first
president
of the united states ah this is
true so therefore this is a truth
why we can verify we can verify
in any references in any
american history books if you are going
to
read american history books you know
what
you will see that george washington was
the first president
of the united states and another
government record
in america it states or
in a commission an election or any
agency that
keeps record that george washington
was the president or the first president
elected
in the united states okay number three
truth number four prison is one of the
worst places on the planet
is this truth or opinion ah
with the presence of the word worst it
is
in its superlative degree so for
the occur prison is the worst places
but to others maybe it's not so
it is based on the feeling or thinking
of
the author that prison is one of the
worst places
on the planet so therefore is some
opinion and number five
there seems to be too much standardized
testing
in public schools how about
to some other experts to some other
people
if they do not believe that there
seems to be too much standardized
testing in public schools therefore
this is only the base on the thinking
own thinking of the other so we can say
that number one
is an opinion number two is truth
number three is truth number four is an
opinion
number five is an opinion why again
number one is
opinion because class of the word
fastest
so it is based on the thinking
or on the feeling of the author that
cheetah
is the fastest land-dwelling creature
number four by its opinion
because it's again based on the thinking
of the order that prison is one of the
worst places
on the planet and from the worst scenes
so it is based on the feeling it's based
on the uh
thinking of the author and that don't
check there seems to be
too much standardized testing in public
school okay number one
four and five they are all opinions
because they are based
on the feeling or attitude of the author
toward this particular statements well
number two
and number three uh
they are based on evidences you can
verify them
you can use any references that serve as
your
what serve as your evidence
to prove that number two and three
statements are
true okay that's all guys for this
episode five
i hope you learned something from this
very simple lesson
and hope to see you in our next episode
and that's episode 6. bye
[Music]
you
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