TAHAPAN PENELITIAN ILMU SEJARAH - MATERI SEJARAH KELAS 10 | Edcent.id

Summary

The video discusses the four main stages of historical research: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Heuristics involves gathering primary and secondary sources, while criticism focuses on verifying their credibility and authenticity. Interpretation follows, where researchers draw conclusions from verified facts through analysis and synthesis. Finally, historiography involves the rewriting of history into three categories: traditional, colonial, and national historiography. The video also explains the characteristics and differences between these types, emphasizing their historical context and perspectives. Overall, it offers an insightful guide on the systematic approach to conducting historical research.

Takeaways

• 📚 The script introduces the stages of historical research, emphasizing the importance of a systematic approach to ensure the credibility of historical works.
• 🔍 The first stage, 'heuristics,' involves the search and collection of historical sources, which can be primary or secondary, and written or oral.
• 🕵️‍♂️ 'Primary sources' are direct evidence from historical actors or witnesses, whereas 'secondary sources' are interpretations by subsequent researchers.
• 🔎 The 'heuristics' stage is further divided into corroboration, sourcing, and contextualization to ensure the reliability and understanding of historical events and actors.
• 🔬 The 'criticism' or 'verification' stage involves testing the credibility and authenticity of sources, which includes internal criticism (evaluating the source's reliability) and external criticism (evaluating the physical evidence of the source).
• 📊 'Interpretation' is the stage where a historian draws conclusions from verified facts, involving analysis (breaking down facts) and synthesis (combining historical facts).
• 📝 'Historiography' is the final stage where research findings are compiled into historical narratives, which can be traditional, colonial, or national in perspective.
• 🏛️ 'Traditional historiography' focuses on royal and court-centered narratives, often subjective and myth-laden, reflecting the era's cultural and political biases.
• 🌍 'Colonial historiography' is characterized by a Eurocentric view, often justifying colonial rule and emphasizing the colonizers' perspective over the colonized.
• 🏳️‍🌈 'National historiography' emerged post-independence, focusing on the Indonesian perspective and challenging the narratives of colonial historiography to present a more balanced view of history.

Q & A

What are the four stages of historical research methodology discussed in the script?

The four stages of historical research methodology discussed are heuristic, criticism or verification, interpretation, and historiography.

What is heuristic in the context of historical research?

Heuristic in historical research refers to the stage where a historian attempts to search for and collect sources, which can be divided into primary and secondary sources based on their nature, and written and oral sources based on their form.

What is the difference between primary and secondary sources in historical research?

Primary sources are those obtained directly from historical actors or witnesses, while secondary sources are obtained from subsequent generations, such as a historian's book based on their research.

How are the sources categorized based on their form in the heuristic stage?

Sources are categorized into written (such as archives and travel notes) and oral sources (obtained through interviews or audio recordings) based on their form.

What are the three steps involved in the heuristic stage of historical research?

The three steps involved in the heuristic stage are corroboration, sourcing, and contextualization, which involve comparing sources, identifying historical actors, and identifying historical events, respectively.

What is the purpose of the criticism or verification stage in historical research?

The criticism or verification stage is where a researcher tests the credibility and authenticity of sources, which includes internal criticism (evaluating credibility) and external criticism (evaluating authenticity of physical evidence).

What is interpretation in the context of historical research methodology?

Interpretation is the stage where a researcher attempts to draw conclusions from verified sources, consisting of analysis (breaking down verified facts) and synthesis (combining historical facts).

What is historiography in historical research, and what are its three forms?

Historiography is the stage of writing history, and its three forms are traditional, colonial, and national historiography. Traditional historiography starts from the Hindu-Buddhist period to Islamic kingdoms, colonial historiography is written during the colonial period by Western historians, and national historiography places Indonesians as the subject of historical writing.

What are the characteristics of traditional historiography?

Characteristics of traditional historiography include being court-centric, highly subjective, and often containing myths, focusing mainly on royal families and court events.

How does colonial historiography differ from national historiography?

Colonial historiography is Eurocentric, often written by European historians during the colonial period, focusing on the perspective of the colonial government. In contrast, national historiography is Indonesia-centric, placing the Indonesian people as the subject of historical writing, often challenging the Eurocentric view.

Can you provide an example of national historiography from the script?

An example of national historiography mentioned in the script is the book '6000 tahun merah putih' written by Muhammad Yamin, which represents the Indonesian perspective on historical events.