PENGANTAR METODOLOGI SEJARAH

Summary

This lecture delves into the methodology of historical research, distinguishing between history as a science and myths or folktales. It outlines the procedural methods of historical research, including topic selection, heuristics, source verification, interpretation, and historiography. The lecture further explains the difference between historiography and historical methods, emphasizing the structured approach to historical inquiry. It also introduces narrative and analytical history, highlighting the importance of understanding the underlying social, economic, and political contexts of historical events. The discussion touches on structural and structuralist methodologies, critiquing the former for its static view of historical structures and advocating the latter's focus on agency's role in transforming these structures.

Takeaways

• 📚 The lecture discusses historical methodology, distinguishing between history as a science and other narratives like myths and folktales.
• 🔍 It emphasizes the importance of methodology in history, which involves a systematic approach to understanding historical facts and information.
• 🧩 The professor highlights the difference between 'method' and 'methodology' in historical research, with the former being a part of the latter.
• 📝 The script outlines the steps in historical research, including topic selection, heuristics, source verification, interpretation, and historiography.
• 📈 The lecture introduces two major approaches in historical analysis: structural and structuralist methodologies.
• 🏛️ Structural methodology, influenced by Fernand Braudel, focuses on long-lasting structures that influence historical events.
• 🌐 Structuralist methodology, in contrast, emphasizes the role of individual agents or groups in changing historical structures.
• 📖 The professor discusses the narrative and analytical approaches to writing history, with the latter requiring a deeper understanding of social theories.
• 📚 The lecture aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of historical methodology to improve their historical research and writing.
• 💬 The script encourages students to ask questions, either in the comments or during class, to clarify any points from the lecture.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the lecture?

The main theme of the lecture is the introduction to historical methodology, focusing on the difference between history as a science and other forms of storytelling, and the various methods and approaches to conducting historical research.

What is the difference between history and myths or folktales?

History is considered a science with its own methodology, whereas myths and folktales are stories that do not necessarily adhere to historical methods or factual evidence.

What are the key elements of historical methodology?

Key elements of historical methodology include understanding the procedures or processes for obtaining historical facts, such as topic selection, heuristics or source collection, source verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography or historical writing.

What is the role of methodology in historical research?

Methodology in historical research is crucial as it provides the principles and procedures that guide the research process, ensuring a structured and systematic approach to understanding and interpreting historical events.

How does historical methodology differ from historical methods?

Historical methodology is the science of methods, analyzing the principles and procedures guiding historical research, while historical methods are the practical techniques used within that research.

What are the two main types of historical writing mentioned in the script?

The two main types of historical writing mentioned are narrative (naratif) and analytical (analitis) history.

What is narrative history according to Professor Sartono Kartodirjo?

Narrative history, as described by Professor Sartono Kartodirjo, is history that recounts events as a process or story, focusing on the sequence of events without deep analysis.

How is analytical history different from narrative history?

Analytical history attempts to reveal the social, economic, and political backgrounds that are determinant factors of historical phenomena, going beyond mere narration to explain why an event occurred.

What are the structural and structuralist methodologies in historical analysis?

Structural methodology focuses on the long-term stable structures that influence historical events, while structuralist methodology emphasizes the role of agents or groups in changing these structures.

Why is it important for historians to understand both structural and structuralist methodologies?

Understanding both methodologies allows historians to analyze historical events from multiple perspectives, considering both the long-term influences of structures and the roles of individuals or groups in shaping history.

How can the concepts of structure and agency be applied in historical analysis?

In historical analysis, structures refer to the enduring patterns or systems that influence events, while agency refers to the capacity of individuals or groups to act within and potentially change these structures.