AP World History (WHAP) Unit 0: The First 10,000 Years of History in 20 Minutes
Summary
TLDRThis script offers a comprehensive overview of pre-1200 world history, focusing on the Neolithic Revolution, the rise of agriculture, and the development of political and social structures. It delves into the foundations of patriarchy, the significance of river valley civilizations, and the strategies used by early empires to maintain control. The script also explores the emergence of major religions, the impact of trade networks like the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade, and the inevitable fall of civilizations due to corruption and overexpansion.
Takeaways
- 🏛 The script introduces 'WHAP Unit 0', covering the first 10,000 years of history that the AP World History curriculum does not include, emphasizing the significance of events before 1200 CE.
- 🌾 The Neolithic Revolution, marked by the domestication of plants and animals, led to a food surplus, allowing for permanent settlements and population growth, which laid foundations for many political and social structures.
- 👑 The transition to agriculture resulted in men taking over farming, leading to the development of patriarchal societies where men dominated social and political structures.
- 🏙️ Civilizations often arose in river valleys, leading to the formation of city-states and early governments that managed agriculture and resolved disputes, which were typically composed of men familiar with farming.
- 🕌 Religion played a crucial role in state building, with rulers often using it to gain legitimacy and support, either by claiming divinity or by aligning with religious practices.
- 🗿 Monumental art and architecture were created to demonstrate the power of rulers and to leave a lasting impression on the populace, serving as a form of continuity in state building.
- 💰 Taxes and control over economic systems were vital for maintaining state power, with rulers often using their images on coins to remind people of their authority.
- 🛣️ Infrastructure, such as roads and aqueducts, was essential for trade, communication, and the movement of soldiers and tax collectors, contributing to the stability and control of empires.
- 🔱 Dealing with 'others' in an empire often involved exclusion, assimilation, or a combination of both, with varying degrees of success and resistance from different groups.
- 📚 The rise of universalizing religions like Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam had a profound impact on world history, spreading across regions and influencing the cultural and social fabric of societies.
- 🛣️ Trade networks, such as the Silk Road, Saharan trade, and Indian Ocean trade, facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures, shaping the interconnectedness of the pre-1200 world.
Q & A
What is the significance of the year 1200 in the context of AP World History?
-The year 1200 marks the beginning of the AP World History curriculum, which means that while some important events occurred before this year, they are not typically covered in the course. However, the script discusses the importance of understanding the events before 1200 for a more comprehensive historical context.
What is the Neolithic Revolution, and how did it change human societies?
-The Neolithic Revolution refers to the shift from a nomadic lifestyle of hunter-gatherers to settled farming communities. This change allowed for the domestication of plants and animals, leading to food surpluses, population growth, and the development of permanent settlements, which laid the foundations for many political and social structures.
How did the development of agriculture contribute to the rise of patriarchy in early civilizations?
-As agriculture developed, men began to take over farming and livestock tending, as they no longer needed to travel for extended periods hunting. This shift led to men dominating food production and, consequently, social and political structures, pushing women away from these roles and into domestic life.
What are river valley civilizations, and why were they significant in history?
-River valley civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China, developed in fertile regions near rivers. These areas provided ideal conditions for agriculture, leading to stable and prosperous civilizations that played central roles in trade, culture, and political power dynamics throughout history.
How did early governments use religion to maintain control over their states?
-Early governments often used religion to gain legitimacy and support. Rulers might claim to be gods, have special knowledge from the divine, or insist on adherence to state religions. In some cases, rulers allowed conquered peoples to keep their religions to prevent resistance.
What is the importance of monumental art and architecture in state building?
-Monumental art and architecture served to demonstrate the power and wealth of a state. They included massive building projects like pyramids and terracotta armies, as well as large statues of rulers, which helped to inspire awe and obedience among the populace.
Why is control over economic systems crucial for a state's stability?
-Control over economic systems, particularly through taxation, is vital for a state's stability because it ensures a steady flow of revenue to fund governance, military, and infrastructure. It also helps to maintain a balance between agricultural productivity, trade, and public satisfaction.
How did infrastructure contribute to the cohesion and control of empires?
-Infrastructure, such as roads and aqueducts, facilitated trade, communication, and the movement of people and resources. It also made it easier for governments to administer their territories, collect taxes, and deploy military forces, thus reinforcing control over the empire.
What strategies did empires use to deal with 'others' or minority groups within their territories?
-Empires might exclude, enslave, or assimilate minority groups. Some rulers respected minority cultures, allowing them to continue their practices, while others, like Alexander the Great, actively tried to mix cultures through policies such as forced marriages.
Why do civilizations inevitably fall, and what are some common causes of decline?
-All civilizations eventually fall due to a variety of factors, including corrupt leadership, economic decline, overexpansion, and difficulty securing borders. Even with the best efforts at state building, the size and complexity of empires can lead to fragmentation and collapse.
How did the rise of universalizing religions like Christianity and Islam impact world history?
-Universalizing religions, such as Christianity and Islam, had a profound impact on world history because they sought to spread their beliefs widely. This led to the conversion of diverse populations, the creation of expansive religious communities, and significant cultural exchanges.
What was the role of trade networks like the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean trade in the pre-1200 era?
-Trade networks facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures across vast distances. The Silk Road was primarily for luxury goods, while the Indian Ocean trade carried bulk goods as well. These networks connected different regions, promoting economic growth and cultural interaction.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to 'Whap Unit 0' and Pre-1200 History
The script begins by introducing 'Whap Unit 0,' a bonus episode focusing on the first 10,000 years of history that the AP World History course does not cover. The speaker humorously addresses the exclusion of significant historical events before 1200 and decides to cover three main topics: the Neolithic Revolution, the rise of civilizations, and the foundations of political and social structures. The Neolithic Revolution is highlighted as a pivotal moment where agriculture transformed human life, leading to the development of permanent settlements and population growth. The speaker also touches on the shift towards patriarchy as men began to dominate farming and political power, a pattern that persisted for millennia.
🏛️ State Building and Empire Management in Ancient Civilizations
This paragraph delves into the strategies ancient states used to maintain control, termed 'continuities and state building.' The speaker outlines several key tactics: using religion for legitimacy, creating monumental art and architecture to demonstrate power, ensuring state control over economic systems, and building infrastructure to facilitate trade and connectivity. The paragraph also addresses common issues states faced, such as dealing with 'others' through exclusion, assimilation, or cultural respect, and handling resistance through persecution or suppression. The inevitability of empire decline is mentioned with a satirical nod to the United States as an exception.
🌏 The Rise and Impact of Major World Religions
The speaker transitions to the development of major world religions and their impact on societies. Confucianism in China is highlighted for its emphasis on social hierarchy and ethical behavior within relationships, influencing Chinese governance and social mobility. Taoism is briefly mentioned for its contrasting focus on personal introspection. The paragraph continues with a discussion on Hinduism's caste system and its rigid social hierarchy, benefiting those in power. Judaism and Zoroastrianism are noted for their ethnic and community ties, setting the stage for the rise of universalizing religions like Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, which sought to spread their faith and beliefs across the world.
🛣️ Trade Networks and the Interconnection of Civilizations
The final paragraph of the script discusses the extensive trade networks that developed before 1200, emphasizing their role in the exchange of goods, people, and cultures. The Silk Road, Saharan trade, and Indian Ocean trade are highlighted as critical networks, with the Silk Road known for luxury goods, the Saharan trade for connecting sub-Saharan Africa, and the Indian Ocean trade for its bulk goods movement. The speaker foreshadows the European quest for spices and the eventual disruption of these established trade networks with the discovery of new sea routes.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡AP World History
💡Neolithic Revolution
💡Patriarchy
💡River Valley Civilizations
💡Continuities and State Building
💡Religion and Legitimacy
💡Infrastructure
💡Trade Networks
💡Universalizing Religions
💡Silk Road
💡Indian Ocean Trade
Highlights
Introduction to 'Antisocial Studies' special bonus episode focusing on pre-1200 world history for AP students.
Explanation of why AP World History starts at 1200 and the importance of events before this date.
Overview of the Neolithic Revolution and its impact on human society and development.
Discussion on the shift from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural settlements and population growth.
Analysis of the development of political and social structures influenced by early agricultural practices.
The rise of absolute power and patriarchy in early civilizations.
Formation of river valley civilizations and their significance in world history.
Strategies for maintaining control in empires, including religion, monumental art, economic control, and infrastructure.
The inevitability of empire decline and common causes such as corrupt leadership and economic issues.
The emergence of major world religions and their impact on societies and civilizations.
The unique development of Confucianism in China and its emphasis on social order and hierarchy.
The caste system in Hinduism and its rigid social hierarchy.
The rise of universalizing religions like Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, and their spread across the world.
The significance of trade routes like the Silk Road, Saharan trade, and Indian Ocean trade in connecting the world.
The role of camels and maritime technology in facilitating trade across different regions.
The impact of trade on the exchange of goods, people, and cultures before the European discovery of America.
Transcripts
welcome to antisocial studies and a
special bonus episode edition for
those lay people out there stands
for world history AP and it makes the
class sound really scary and aggressive
the students love it if you're listening
to this episode you are probably an AP
world history student or teacher and I
would guess that you at some point
looked at the course description and
thought wait AP world history starts in
1200 but like didn't some important
things happen before the year 1200 don't
be quiet sit down no actually yes a lot
of really important things happen before
the year 1200 but we're not supposed to
cover it anymore but I'm gonna cover it
anyway so welcome to what I'm calling
whap unit 0 the first 10,000 years of
history that the College Board decided
wasn't important anymore even though
we're throwing away oracle bones and
alexander the great and the roman empire
in the trash I figured there were a few
good pieces of information from the
ancient and classical eras right like
there's got to be something useful there
so here we go I'm gonna run down three
big topics that will be useful for you
to know before we jump into the year
1200 in the global tapestry whatever
that is first let's go over a quick
chronology before 8000 BCE people looked
like this they were hunters and
gatherers they lived in small kinship
tribes and they were typically nomadic
then one day someone in the tribe
discovered a thing called agriculture
and they started to look like this this
change is called the Neolithic
Revolution the innovation of
domesticating plants and animals so that
you don't have to chase after them
anymore
it's pretty nice unless yes Jared
Diamond but we don't ask it this process
farming especially occurred all over the
world over the next few thousand years
we barley yada yada yada now we have a
food surplus and we can settle in
permanent dwellings woohoo
we're like Katniss living in the victors
village at the end of book 1 no more
squirrels for us with a food surplus our
population grew and those small villages
grew into these whoa
nicely done humans ok now this is all
great but like why do we care well we
don't accept that this process that
occurred over around 5,000 years laid
the foundations for almost every
political and social structure that
humans would live on
until about the 20th century number one
most leaders in most civilizations for
most of history rule with absolute power
I mean check out that guy with his
jewelry like I'd follow him blindly and
to patriarchy Oh
patriarchy man it's the worst thinking
about this way we were hunter-gatherers
these guys men hunted and women gathered
which one was more important well
they're kind of equally important right
exactly so men and women were both
equally valued in the most important
tasks food production but as we
domesticate plants and animals men don't
need to travel for weeks following a
mammoth or whatever look like there are
cows right there so men start taking
over farming and tending to livestock in
other words now the men hunt and gather
and women are slowly pushed away from
food production and into domestic life
raising babies and why does this matter
well the earliest governments arose to
manage agriculture to solve disputes
like water distribution and super
interesting things like that and so when
early governments were formed they were
made up logically of the people who knew
the most about farming men and men have
been dominating social and political
structures around the world ever since
and everything's been going great anyway
let's move on so civilizations arose in
river valleys we call them river valley
civilizations well you got your
Mesopotamia city-states like hey there's
a continuity whoever controls the Middle
East is literally at the center of the
known world like we're talking insane
trade benefits so everyone wants that
land so throughout history the Middle
East is plagued with conflict and
conquest because the land is so valuable
and that's before everyone put their
holy cities there hello
so the Mesopotamian city-states never
fully unite into one big empire and then
you have to Egypt I mean you know those
guys pharaohs pyramids and mummies and
brenden fraiser over in asia we have the
Indus Valley I mean who knows what
they're doing there no seriously who
knows like has anyone deciphered their
writing yet and then as always you have
China holding down the fort
China is geographically isolated and
fertile prime real estate for a stable
civilization that will basically crush
it for the next 5,000 years and then get
addicted to British opium and get
totally played by now but you'll get
there okay after the ancient
civilizations knew larger states arose
and they started conquering
other places that weren't there people
whatever that means
those are empires these classical
empires are what people think about when
I say world history Greece Persia Han
China Rome but for now we're not gonna
worry our pretty little heads over them
all we care about with these early
civilizations both ancient and classical
is what did they leave behind that later
people will think was valuable
what continuities will we see as we
explore civilizations moving forward and
web I like to think of this section as
how to maintain your Empire 101 so for
those listening whenever you conquer the
world and inevitably name yourself czar
or Khan or whatever here are a few pro
tips of what the first States all did to
maintain control over their States in AP
language we call these continuities and
state building but you can think of them
as how did not get murdered by peasants
one use religion to gain legitimacy and
support so sometimes rulers will say
they are a god oh hey pharaohs sometimes
they'll say they like chat with the gods
and get some super secret information
from them like in Hammurabi's code
sometimes they'll just insist that you
follow their religion like Rome and
sometimes in the rarest cases they'll
let you keep your religion so you won't
be mad that they just conquered your
land
oh hey Cyrus number two create
monumental art and architecture these
show the people just how powerful you
are look I can stack bricks so this
could include massive building projects
to create a place to throw your rulers
dead body pyramids and shoot Wonka's
tomb with terracotta soldiers or it
could just be huge statues of you to
remember you like the Olmec heads
make sure the state has primary control
over important economic systems this
really just means taxes taxes are so
important and they're so boring but
they're so important check out these
Persian tax rolls the Herodotus
described or why do rulers put their
faces on coins it's so you remember who
to thank for all that money you have
it's really in general super important
that the economy is running smoothly
agricultural productivity good trade
that keeps people happy and that leads
us to number four build infrastructure
build stuff and especially stuff that
helps connect your
fired together for one build things that
make trade easier like chef wanjin china
demanded that everyone's axles on carts
were the exact same width and that way
they could build all of the roads that
exact same width and you wouldn't ever
have to change carts so trade could go a
lot faster well or you can build
aqueducts so that crops and people have
water that's kind of important
thanks Rome and roads oh my gosh so many
roads just like if you conquer a place
to start building roads check out this
Persian Royal Road nicely done to rious
sidenote merchants can use roads which
is great but you know who else uses
roads soldiers and tax collectors and
spies for the government roads man
they're so important all right now after
you've conquered your empire and put in
place these protips you'll probably at
some point and counter a few issues so
here's my FAQ portion of the state
building lecture question number one
what do I do with others well first you
have to define what others are and it
depends you can use any of your spice
tea themes to figure out who and other
is most people do it on ethnic groups or
language or religions but in theory it
could be anything or here's a thought
what if there were no others and we all
live together in perfect harmony yeah I
know that's stupid that'll never happen
okay one you can exclude and/or enslave
them just check out ancient Greece too I
mean you could just respect their
culture by letting them continue to
practice it again Syrus or you can
actively try to mix people in cultures
like Alexander the Great did his
soldiers weren't super happy about being
forced to marry women outside of their
own culture but like it was an attempt I
guess question number two how do I deal
with resistance well you can like burn
books that you don't like and kill those
who speak out against you that's what
she wanted but I mean then his dynasty
ended like right after his death so or
you could make an example out of those
who resist through targeted persecution
like the Roman Empire did with
Christians I mean you could just fight
them openly and hopefully win like
badass Theodora convinced her husband
Justinian to do during the Nika revolts
but really spoiler alert is that once
resistance begins it's really hard to
successfully get rid of it
without just making things worse so
you're really better off just making
your empire nice enough that people
don't want to resist good luck okay
final question how do I prevent my
civilization from falling sorry bud this
is the ultimate continuity they all fall
no matter what you do no matter how many
pyramids you build no matter how many
coins you put your face on at some point
all civilizations fall and now I can
tell you common causes of decline so
that you can try to avoid those but take
it from someone who literally knows the
entire history of the world you can't
escape it
unless you're the United States in which
case we will all live forever go USA
bald eagles George Washington but
everyone else Falls why one main reason
is that leadership grows corrupt over
time in general people who have power
don't want to not have power and they
start doing shady things to make sure
that they never lose that power and
privilege and people who are near power
want it I mean basically just like watch
it episode of Game of Thrones but if you
insist on a historical piece of evidence
then just look at the court of the Han
Emperor eunuchs gained swag and became
the Emperor's inner circle fighting for
power with the Confucian scholars and
family members were orchestrating Wars
and intrigue to get their person on the
throne it was a mess
or check out this chart of Roman
emperors over just a 50-year period look
at how many were assassinated that's
insane that can't be good for stability
but besides corrupt leadership which
seems to be unavoidable at some point
most the problems boiled down to your
empire was too big problem number one
your empire is large and diverse and
people feel disconnected from the
capital or the leadership I mean
especially if it's correct and so we
will see local leaders rise and become
more important and trusted to the common
people than the far away Emperor common
problem number two I mean big empires
are hella expensive every time you
conquer more land that's people who have
to administer it and soldiers who have
to defend it oh it's exhausting and so
your economy goes into decline side tip
if your economy is struggling you can't
just make more money that's not how it
works I don't know why because I don't
teach economics but I know that it
didn't work for Germany after World War
one or the Roman Empire with their
quote-unquote silver coins or Holland
with their tulips so just don't
do it problem number three you have
difficulty securing your massive borders
either groups from the fringes start
gaining influence along your border
regions or just a massive influx of
immigrants maybe fleeing the Huns for
example enters your empire and you start
losing control here's the deal at some
point you're gonna be tempted and you're
gonna want to fill your military with
foreigners I get it
I know but don't do it seriously
students pay attention this year every
time you read in your textbook and then
blank civilization hired insert foreign
group here to fight for them just like
start a countdown and see how many pages
before that civilization Falls I'm
looking at you out of seeds okay so
that's topic number one but like there's
more to app than just state building
right sure one of the other really
important developments that arises in
the ancient classical and early
post-classical eras is the rise of
modern religions now I'm not a religion
expert and frankly you don't need to be
either but I'm gonna point out to you a
few things that you should keep in the
back of your mind as you learn about
Hindu kingdoms or Islamic empires that
might be helpful first let's start with
China because China is always very
unique so at some point between the
ancient and classical eras China had a
period where a lot of states were at war
with each other
we call it the warring States Period
genius during that time a lot of
philosophers started thinking about how
to bring order to China and a guy named
Confucius won at least as far as China
was concerned Confucianism is the single
most important continuity in Chinese
history and you need to know it forever
or at least until you've taken the AP
test so Confucius believe that the world
or China really would be stable if
everyone knew their place and acted
ethically within that place in society
his philosophy is centered on
relationships that include things like
husband wife father son and most
importantly ruler subject each person in
the relationship had a part to play the
superior the husband or father a ruler
was to act ethically and respectfully
while the inferior the wife or son or
subject was to obey or show filial piety
what does that look like well you have
to consult Confucius as teachings to
know how to act ethically if you think
about it Confucius had a great pyramid
scheme going on here like want to be a
great husband want to work your way into
the powerful government
see calm down and get the Analects for
just five installments of $9.99
there is another religion in China
Taoism but it doesn't have a huge impact
on big picture world history because its
whole teaching was to remove yourself
from the material world as much as
possible and seek introspection and this
is really different from Confucianism
that emphasized the need for educated
gentlemen to become very involved in
public life and importantly to run the
government throughout most of Chinese
history the government will be run by
scholar gentry meaning men highly
educated in Confucian ethics who passed
civil service exams to get their
position in society this makes Confucian
civilizations way more socially mobile
than others because in theory anyone
could take and pass the exams even you
peasants but in reality rich kids got
the best education and had the best
chance of succeeding sound familiar
the other thing that is consistent in
Confucian societies is patriarchy you
again stop it in general whenever you
learn about a civilization that is
emphasizing traditional values or people
knowing their place that means that that
civilization is not gonna be super
progressive toward women
okay so Confucianism reigned supreme in
China but what other belief systems were
developing well in the rest of the Asian
world three ancient religions developed
in India you had Hinduism similar in
some ways to the Confucian relationships
you had a religious concept of hierarchy
but this was much more strict the caste
system the only way to move up live life
well and move up in the next life good
luck you know the caste system benefits
people in power so you know who really
benefits from a Hindu State with an
entrenched caste system people in power
more on that in a second and in the
Middle East
two ancient religions developed Judaism
and Zoroastrianism the important aspects
of Judaism as far as web is concerned is
that it's an ethnic religion this
doesn't mean other ethnicities are
excluded it just means that for the most
part Judaism stayed within its original
community this is partly because Judaism
like Hinduism for example doesn't
emphasize going out and converting
people they've a uniquely tight-knit
culture and community that makes them
distinct from the majority cultures they
live in and this will have important and
really bad implications later on because
Jews throughout the Middle East in
Europe will
much always be seen as others by the
larger community sir Austrian ISM was
the awesomely named religion of the
Persians and we don't need to know too
much about that just know as a popular
religion across the Middle East until it
was mostly supplanted by Islam which
brings us to three newer religions and
by newer I mean like new within the last
two thousand years or so they rose
across the Middle East and South Asia as
well and they arose out of the ancient
religions but they had a new
characteristic they were universalizing
religions meaning that their followers
believed it was important to spread the
word of their faith and this has huge
implications for world history
first there was Buddhism it arose out of
Hinduism and kept a lot of the teachings
but the Buddha rejected the caste system
you know who loved that people in lower
castes especially merchants merchants
were often resentful of their low status
across many societies Confucian saw them
as ungentlemanly because they didn't
create anything useful for society they
just made money off other people's labor
and in Hinduism merchants were just one
caste above the bottom tier so when
Buddhism showed up in South Asia
merchants especially took hold of this
religion and spread it along trade
routes Buddhist monasteries became
important stops along the Silk Roads as
it spread into China and Southeast Asia
but it was never successful spreading
westward because of Zoroastrianism and
then eventually Islam similarly out of
Judaism arose Christianity just like
Buddha was a Hindu who rejected the
caste system and preached individual
introspection Jesus was a Jew who
advocated equality of all believers and
a more personal relationship with God I
mean do I really need to go into
Christianity's impact on world history
like just wait until you get to the unit
on imperialism and prepare to feel super
uncomfortable but for now just know that
Christianity also spread quickly
especially amongst the lower classes or
those who resented Roman rule sidenote
pay attention to the fact that
Christianity rose independent from the
state so early leaders of Christianity
were just religious leaders because
there was already a powerful Emperor
even when Christianity became the
official religion of the Roman Empire
the president had been established of
separation between church and state in
the Christian world and this is fairly
unique among world
religions especially when compared with
Islam Islam rose in the Arabian
Peninsula out of the polytheism of the
bedouin tribes Muhammad was similar to
Jesus and the Buddha and that he
preached a new religion that modernized
a lot of ancient or pagan beliefs of the
time Aslam at its core is a religion of
equality similar to Christianity and
Buddhism and it was actually very
progressive for the seventh century for
our purposes there are two key points
about Islam that we need to know number
one Muhammad was not just a religious
leader he was also a political and
military ruler when he marched back to
Mecca with an army he established a
precedent that has continued for the
most part in the Islamic world up until
today Islam in the state are closely
connected the second point is that Islam
saw merchant's way more highly than any
other religion why well
Mohammed was a merchant he worked in a
trading caravan for his wife Khadija who
was his boss again very progressive for
the six hundreds Muhammad encouraged his
followers to seek knowledge and this led
to a wave of Muslim merchants fanning
out across the known world spreading the
faith and it created a culture of
innovation and scholarship in the
Islamic world that Europe will be very
grateful for when it decides to
Renaissance but you'll get there okay
the last thing you need to know from the
pre 1200 era is that extensive trade
networks had been developed and these
would continue to grow and reach their
height from 1200 to 1450 until the
Europeans bump into America and throw
everything out of whack I'll be honest
I've been trade routes and economics and
general quite boring so let's just see
how quickly I can cover these networks
of exchange all right across Eurasia
there was a network of roads that traded
luxury goods most notably silk we call
this the Silk Road two things this trade
was expensive because camels can't carry
as much as a ship sorry camels and so
the Silk Road was not for mass goods it
was for special things that made the
elite feel elite you know like silk also
pastoral nomads were critical in
connecting this trade network nomadic
groups reached their height of
importance in the late post-classical
era as they were the ones facilitating
all of this land trade Thanks nomads
another land network went across the
Sahara Desert we call this the Saharan
trade
the Sahara was uncrossable until camel
showed up and people invented a camel
saddle to ride those humps this happened
somewhere around 500 CEO and then the
Saharan trade exploded sidenote y'all
camels they're just so important like
when in doubt if you get to an essay on
trade just like throw in something about
camels and you'll probably be good
so the Saharan trade connected
sub-saharan Africa to the rest of the
known world and it led to the rise of
large trading kingdoms profiting off
Africa's natural wealth most notably
gold I'll hate Timbuktu I see you
finally the most important trade network
in the world until the Atlantic trade
begins in 1492 is the sea routes across
the Indian Ocean we call this you
guessed it the Indian Ocean trade just
like we had to wait for camels and
saddles to show up in Africa
it wasn't until improved knowledge and
better technology allowed sailors to
harness the power of monsoon winds that
this trade network really became a thing
sidenote just like camels if you get an
essay on Indian Ocean trade just say the
phrase lateen sails over and over again
the college board will love you compared
to the Silk Road the Indian Ocean trade
did carry bulk goods in addition to
luxury items because again a ship could
hold more stuff than a camel and these
sea routes are what made the products of
India Southeast Asia and China so highly
coveted by elites in the rest of the
world some foreshadowing when Europe is
going to wake up from its Middle Ages
and decide that it wants spices it's
gonna have two options travel to India
and China on land and have to pay taxes
to the Muslims that is not an option for
those devout medieval Christians or find
another way what could go wrong whoa so
there you have it by 1,200 rulers have
learned the do's and don'ts of
state-building
all the major religions have formed and
trade networks are facilitating the
exchange of goods people and cultures at
faster and faster rates Oh nicely done
Emily that normally would have been my
entire first semester well have fun in
the year 1200
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