Lesson 1: The Ethical Dimension of Human Existence
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Jo Brand introduces the complex subject of ethics, focusing on the ethical dimension of human existence. She emphasizes the importance of understanding personal values and distinguishing between ethical judgments and personal preferences. The video explores the concepts of ethics and morals, the significance of moral reasoning, and the influence of law, religion, and culture on ethical behavior. It also delves into three ethical theories: subjectivism, psychological egoism, and ethical egoism, guiding viewers to reflect on their own moral compass and decision-making processes.
Takeaways
- đ The video discusses the ethical dimension of human existence, emphasizing the difficulty of understanding what is good or bad to do.
- đ§ The importance of personal values in ethics is highlighted, as ethics is intertwined with one's own beliefs and attitudes.
- đ€ It's crucial to differentiate between personal preferences and ethical judgments, as the latter concerns significant matters related to life and death.
- đ Ethics is defined as the study of ideal human behavior and thinking, which requires careful consideration before making judgments.
- đ Understanding ethics involves recognizing the influence of three sources of authority: law, religion, and culture, which guide ethical behavior.
- đ The authority of law provides objective standards and guidance for ethical conduct, promoting peace and order in society.
- đ Religion offers moral guidance and a sense of obligation, shaping individuals to be better persons through its teachings.
- đ Culture plays a role in ethics by influencing our values and the way we perceive right and wrong, necessitating respect for different cultural practices.
- đ€čââïž Three ethical theories are presented: subjectivism, which centers on individual perspectives; psychological egoism, focusing on self-interest; and ethical egoism, which argues for self-serving actions.
- đĄ The video encourages viewers to develop their own framework for understanding ethics, considering the inward self and external sources of authority.
- đ It concludes by inviting viewers to engage with the content, ask questions, and reflect on their understanding of ethics.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is the ethical dimension of human existence and the first lesson in ethics.
Why is the topic of ethics considered difficult to discuss?
-Ethics is considered difficult because it involves understanding the value or ethical dimension of human existence, including determining what is good or bad, and what should or should not be done.
What is the relationship between ethics and personal values?
-Ethics is closely related to personal values as it deals with an individual's beliefs and attitudes about what is right and wrong, and what is significant in life.
What are some instances where value judgments are not considered part of ethics?
-Value judgments based on personal senses and feelings, such as personal preferences, are not considered part of ethics because they are not related to moral principles but rather individual tastes.
What is the difference between ethics and morals according to the video?
-Ethics is the discipline of studying and understanding ideal human behavior and ways of thinking, while morals refer to an individual's moral reasoning and judgment, which guide their actions and decisions.
Why is it important to understand one's own moral reasoning before making judgments about others?
-Understanding one's own moral reasoning is important because it helps ensure that judgments are based on ethical principles rather than personal biases or feelings, promoting fairness and objectivity.
What are the three sources of authority mentioned in the video that guide ethical behavior?
-The three sources of authority mentioned are the authority of the law, the authority of one's religion, and the authority of one's own culture.
How does the authority of the law contribute to ethical behavior?
-The authority of the law contributes to ethical behavior by providing objective standards and guidelines for conduct, promoting compliance and obedience, which in turn leads to a more orderly and peaceful society.
What role does one's religion play in shaping ethical behavior?
-One's religion provides guidance on what is considered good and bad, influencing moral reasoning and judgment, and inspiring individuals to act in ways that align with their religious teachings.
Why is it important to respect different cultures when discussing ethics?
-Respecting different cultures is important in discussing ethics because cultural differences can influence values and moral judgments, and respecting these differences promotes understanding and avoids inappropriate judgments.
What are the three theories of ethics mentioned in the video, and what do they focus on?
-The three theories of ethics mentioned are subjectivism, which focuses on individual moral valuations; psychological egoism, which is about self-centered actions driven by self-interest; and ethical egoism, which suggests that actions should be self-serving but also considers the broader implications.
Outlines
đ Introduction to Ethics and Personal Values
The speaker, Jo Brand, introduces the topic of ethics and its relevance to personal values. They emphasize the difficulty of understanding the ethical dimension of human existence, which involves discerning right from wrong. Jo encourages a simple explanation of ethics and stresses the importance of recognizing personal values as a foundation for ethical understanding. The paragraph also touches on the need to be cautious in making judgments based on personal feelings, as these are not necessarily related to ethics.
đ€ Ethics, Morals, and Moral Reasoning
This paragraph delves into the relationship between ethics and morals, explaining that while the terms are often used interchangeably, they are intrinsically linked. Ethics is described as the study of ideal human behavior and thought, whereas morals are the beliefs and attitudes that guide behavior. The speaker highlights the importance of moral reasoning and judgment in ethical decision-making, cautioning against making judgments based solely on personal feelings and emphasizing the significance of considering the impact on others.
đ§ Understanding Moral Valuation and Dilemmas
The speaker discusses the concept of moral valuation and the challenges of making ethical decisions, particularly in the face of moral dilemmas. They stress the importance of logical reasoning and self-assessment when faced with choices between right and wrong. The paragraph also explores the motivations behind actions, such as fear of punishment or desire for reward, and how these can influence moral judgments.
đ Sources of Authority in Ethics
In this paragraph, the speaker identifies three sources of authority that guide ethical behavior: the law, religion, and culture. They explain how each source provides a framework for understanding what is ethically right or wrong. The law is presented as an objective standard, religion offers moral guidance, and culture shapes our values and behaviors. The speaker encourages embracing these sources of authority to navigate ethical decisions and judgments.
đ Theories of Ethics and Personal Responsibility
The speaker introduces three ethical theories that focus on internal sources of understanding ethics: subjectivism, psychological egoism, and ethical egoism. Subjectivism emphasizes individual perspectives in moral valuations, while psychological egoism highlights self-interest as a driving force behind actions. Ethical egoism, however, suggests a balance, recognizing the need for self-interest without disregarding the well-being of others. The paragraph encourages self-reflection and balance in ethical decision-making.
đ Conclusion and Invitation for Further Discussion
To conclude the video, Jo Brand summarizes the lesson on ethics and invites viewers to engage in further discussion. They offer assistance with any confusion regarding assignments and encourage viewers to leave comments for additional questions. The speaker expresses gratitude for the viewers' support and hopes that the video has been helpful in understanding the complexities of ethics.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄEthics
đĄIndustrial Psychology
đĄPersonal Values
đĄValue Judgment
đĄMorals
đĄMoral Reasoning
đĄMoral Dilemma
đĄAuthority
đĄSubjectivism
đĄPsychological Egoism
đĄEthical Egoism
Highlights
Introduction to the subject of ethics and industrial psychology for the second semester.
Exploring the ethical dimension of human existence and its complexity in discerning right from wrong.
Understanding personal values as a foundation for discussing ethics.
Differentiating between personal judgments based on senses and feelings versus those related to ethics.
Ethics as a discipline studying ideal human behavior and moral reasoning.
The significance of ethics in matters of life and death, and its importance to human life.
Clarification of the difference between ethics and morals, and their interrelation.
The importance of moral reasoning and judgment in ethical decision-making.
Assessing moral dilemmas and the role of personal choice in ethical judgments.
The influence of upbringing and cultural differences on ethical perspectives.
Three sources of authority guiding ethical behavior: law, religion, and culture.
The role of law in providing objective standards for ethical conduct.
Religion as a guide for understanding what is morally good or bad.
Cultural differences and their impact on ethical values and judgments.
Three theories of ethics: subjectivism, psychological egoism, and ethical egoism.
Subjectivism and the focus on individual perspectives in moral valuations.
Psychological egoism and the pursuit of self-interest in moral decisions.
Ethical egoism and the balance between self-serving actions and ethical considerations.
Encouragement for viewers to engage with the content and ask questions for further understanding.
Transcripts
hello hello welcome back to my channel
this is jo brand yours truly
so for today's i will be sharing to you
another subject
for the second semester since i will be
teaching this subject
for for this semester
so i will be sharing to you my inputs my
idea
in the subject of ethics and industrial
psychology but in this
video is i will be sharing to you our
first
lesson for ethics and that is
our first lesson for ethics talks about
the ethical dimension of human existence
take note this is a very difficult topic
because you will try to to know
the the value or the ethical dimension
of human existence what is the good
thing to do
or what is the bad thing to do what are
the things that we should do or what are
the things that we should not
do okay so we will try to explain it
in a very simple way so hopefully this
video would
really help you a lot in your learning
journey
but before we can get to know the
details of what is really the meaning of
ethics
is let's try to understand first our own
personal values
so when you talk about ethics it also
deals with your own personal values
so that's why we need to clarify what
are those values
and do you think it is really
it really matters when you talk about
understanding ethics
so the first one is we need to
understand our the things that we value
the
most are the kinds of valuations that we
have
okay so let's accept that there are
instances when we make value judgment
that are not considered part of ethics
usage
based on our personal senses and feeling
and sometimes
when we make judgment that are
take note since we are different people
we are
we have different upbringings so that's
why we need to be careful in judging one
another because when we judge
another person based on personal senses
and feeling
it is not related to ethics because it
is your personal preference so when you
talk about
ethics the eye so based on research
ethics talks about matters that are
related to life and death
so therefore commenon takes the eye it
talks about
things that are significant to human
life
so for example
therefore it's not related to ethics
therefore it is related to the
discussion of ethics
so hopefully claru nasha
they can get a gusto and we cannot force
someone to love what we loved
because we have different feelings and
we have different senses
so we need to understand the
characteristic of our personal choice
and the way we make judgment
at least
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or delay so take note
uh understanding ethics is very trivial
in nature
because they can't get the factors to
consider and we cannot judge one another
based
okay so the second point is we need to
understand the ethics and morals
so when you talk about ethics and morals
words interchangeably related
for me it is related why because more
else
this is our belief or attitudes
to
that you are immoral because you are
doing something
outside the norm outside town
because when you talk about morale
muslim shouts
why because nam gupta getaway is moral
is not a moral reasoning and moral
judgment when you talk about moral
reasoning and moral judgment muslim
shanghai ethics because when you make
judgment
okay because the term ethics
is the discipline of studying and
understanding
ideal human behavior and ideal ways of
thinking
english and ethics now
it talks about how we behave
and how we think so that but when we
make judgment
make sure that you are able to think
first before making
judgment
we don't consider the feelings of
another person
we need to have our own moral reasoning
or moral judgment to make judgment to
another person
okay the third one is we need to clarify
the moral valuation or the moral
issue the biosai
issue right so depending as a values
significance
is
now my logical reasoning because we are
humans
that we need to think first before
making any decision
making any judgment paradigm about some
moral
dilemma
so when we choose between right over
wrong
so which is which and sometimes we get
so confused about what to do
what are the better things to do with
our own lives
okay we need to assess when you try to
choose what is right
or wrong we need to assess our morale
our level of reasoning
because we are us we are homo sapiens
we have the ability to think we are
we are a thinking thing so that's why we
need to check
our level of reasoning
is is right or wrong
okay so take note that when we
assess ourselves
what i what am i doing is good
i did not cheat on the exam because i
was afraid
that i might get caught so
muhammad judgment
look
desire for reward or
the fear of punishment
of punishment
we choose steal
right or wrong for us okay maybe not as
a stage of moral dilemma
what is really the good thing for you or
the right one for you
so that's why when you talk about ethics
significant important values
you should be considering a part of your
existence parts
that's why it's really hard for us to
judge one another because
important
how to decide that's why
in england you the guy dance know from
our parents and what to do with our life
because
so that's the idea of understanding
the idea of ethics knowing what is good
or
knowing what is not good for you
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therefore
that's why for us we
really need to have our own framework or
structure about ourselves
okay so hopefully in a second
decide what is really right or wrong for
us so that's going to come up me and uh
we have
to do the right thing or to do the wrong
i have to do the right thing
i mean
we get confused about what to do with
our own lives
okay the first one is we have three
sources of authority
the authority of the law and the
authority of what's religion
and the authority of one's own culture
it talks about take note
is our guide to ethical behavior
ethics talks about the idea
of the things that really matters
to that matters to us significant to
human life
it concerns life or death
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for to give guidance
for example pandemic we need to wear
face masks we need to wear
face shield because that's a law and we
need to be obedient we need to comply
and that is part of our ethical behavior
because we are we are obedient
authority okay so
take note that
would know you will have a peaceful life
because you are guided
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so that is the advantage of
the authority of the law because it
guided it
gives guidance
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so it gives us
standards it gives us the authority of
the law gives us the idea of
objective standards so that what we we
should
we should
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you still need to abide with the law
okay
so the second is the religion
so on religion it gives also guidance
out on ethical behavior
what is the good thing to do and what is
not a good thing to do for us
so that is that that is authorities are
religion
again pose the apart for malka when you
go to church
late months leave less and that is the
authority to impose something for our
obedience
and this benefit for us
because authority of one's religion
we also get confused about what we do
with our lives
there is no authority of one's religion
okay so there is an advantage
every sunday that is our obligation
so manga supreme authority now
inspired nato to do good for for others
so that is the authority of france
religion
and for me it's a good thing to have our
own
to be part of one's religion
because it molded us to become a better
person
it teaches us how to be good it teaches
us
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so i am happy
because what uh why because i was able
to
nagging purchase right
because
the way i understand myself now and it's
a good thing for me
and i hope say muhammad it's a good
thing for you
and the last one is the culture
okay so as we all know that we have
different societies
and part anna is not a culture
that makes us aware of
we value the most so we have we
we are different people that's why when
we make
judgment when we make judgment
let's embrace the idea of their own
culture let's be aware
and happiness
important that's why when you go abroad
culture
we have differences in culture
so when i shall we need to respect the
culture
one another and happinessly authority to
impose
some things
it's part of their culture so we can't
judge them
because it's part of their culture
hopefully
the three sources of authority the
authority of the law
the authority of of one's religion the
authority
of culture okay
so sometimes
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embrace and different sources of
authority before we
make judgments we have different
religions
yes we have different cultures and we
have different
impose
and we need and it
and we need to comply we need to comply
impose something to guide our ethical
behavior
the way you understand
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so that's why we discuss purnato um
centers there are three
theories about ethics that center on the
south aside from the external
sources of authority
the the inward sources
of understanding ethics
the inward self so um
when you talk about ethics so there are
three theories number one
is subjectivism when we make judgment
subjective the second is the
psychological egoism
so and the third one is the ethical
egoism so let's try to
explain that one by one let's talk about
subjectivism so when you talk about
subjectivism is
this is the recognition that the
individual thinking person is at the
heart of all moral valuations
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we are so subjective in making judgments
and i don't need another person to to
decide for my own
sex objectives we only consider
ourselves
that's why yo
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i am entitled to my own opinion
i am entitled to my own opinion so
meaning you are considered your
subjectivism
when you when you try to understand the
idea of ethics
the third minigun said no one knows my
situation better than myself
right yeah correct
because you are you are the sole
responsible of yourself
and that is the idea of subjectivism it
is good if i say that it is good
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negative the positive is you know how to
run your life without the support of
others but the negative is
you are so close-minded you don't care
about the feelings of other people
you are so focused with yourself and
sometimes it leads you to become
hard-headed
you don't know how to listen so that's
the idea of being subject to this
the third the second one is the
psychological iguovisem
we are so self-centered
too much of something is not good at all
we just learned learn how to balance
everything
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we do things in pursuit of our own
self-interest
referring a book that we are all doing
something
because of our self-interest and then i
don't think
as long as i am not hurting anybody i
think that's okay
right it's okay for me possibly
it's not okay
now we only think that we have a choice
but actually
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we need to wait things out we need to
balance everything
but you have to assess yourself if that
is the right thing to do or not the
right thing
to do for yourself the third one is
ethical iguovicim so when you talk about
ethical egoism
is um psychological egoism
our actions now are geared towards
self-serving interest
but the ethical igbo is gonna show that
we should not
focus
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is
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okay so i really hope that you are
you did learn from this video so
i hope this helps you a lot this is our
lesson one
and four i mean for ethics
so if you want to ask me anything
just drop your comments below if you
have some confusion
with regards to your assignment you can
drop your comments below and
take note updated gecko every day so you
can just i just check it out and
try to answer all your inquiries thank
you so much for
all your support and hopefully this
video helps you a lot
in understanding ethics thank you god
bless
[Music]
bye
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