IKN: Minim Investor, Merusak Lingkungan, Mengancam Warga Lokal | PUTAR BALIK

Tempodotco

4 Aug 202411:18

Summary

TLDRThe script discusses the long-standing idea of relocating Indonesia's capital city, which dates back to President Soekarno's era in 1957. Despite various proposals, the plan never materialized until President Jokowi announced the move to East Kalimantan in 2019. The decision faced criticism for its lack of transparency and potential issues such as land dispossession. Despite challenges and legal disputes, the project aims to reduce congestion in Jakarta and is expected to take 25-30 years, with initial funding from domestic sources.

Takeaways

🏛️ The idea of relocating the capital of Indonesia has been discussed since the era of President Soekarno in 1957, but it has never been realized until now.
🗣️ President Jokowi has firmly decided to move the capital to East Kalimantan, specifically in the Penajam Paser Utara region, to alleviate the burden on Jakarta.
📚 The concept of developing a new capital was first mentioned by Soekarno to Soviet engineers, leading to the construction of roads in Palangkaraya on peat land.
🚧 Economic difficulties in the 1960s hindered the development of Palangkaraya, and subsequent presidents had different plans for the capital's location.
🛑 President Soeharto had plans to move the capital to Jonggol in West Java, but his regime ended before the plan could be realized.
🌐 President Abdurrahman Wahid (Gusdur) and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) both proposed alternatives for the capital, focusing on overcoming congestion and flooding in Jakarta.
📈 President Jokowi's initiative to move the capital began in May 2017, with a serious consideration of the impact on the national budget and debt.
📊 The decision to move the capital out of Java was made in April 2019, with three candidate regions, but Kalimantan was chosen for its central location and lower disaster risk.
🏗️ The public has questioned the details and analysis of the new capital plan, which was claimed to be prepared over two years but remained mysterious until the announcement.
📉 The rushed and closed process of the capital's legislation faced criticism and was challenged in court by civil society for not accommodating public participation.
🛑 The development of the new capital has faced issues such as land acquisition affecting local communities and a lack of transparency in the process.
💡 Despite challenges, President-elect Prabowo is reported to be committed to continuing the development of the new capital, emphasizing the need for domestic and then foreign funding over 25 to 30 years.

Q & A

What is the historical context of the capital relocation plan in Indonesia?
-The idea of relocating the capital of Indonesia has been discussed since the era of President Soekarno in 1957. The plan has been considered by various presidents but was never realized until President Jokowi's tenure.
Why did President Soekarno want to move the capital to Palangkaraya?
-President Soekarno wanted to move the capital to Palangkaraya because he believed Surabaya and Jakarta were the only cities with economic circulation, and he had a vision for the development of the new capital city.
What were the economic challenges faced during the development of Palangkaraya as the new capital?
-The development of Palangkaraya was hindered by the poor state of Indonesia's economy in the 1960s, which led to the construction of roads on swampy land without further progress.
What was President Soeharto's stance on the capital relocation plan?
-President Soeharto, who succeeded Soekarno, did not want to continue the development of Palangkaraya and instead had an interest in moving the capital to Jonggol in West Java.
Which other locations were considered for the new capital city before the decision was made?
-Before deciding on the new capital, three regions were considered: Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. However, Sumatra and Sulawesi were deemed less ideal due to their locations not being at the center of Indonesia.
Why was Kalimantan chosen as the location for the new capital city?
-Kalimantan was chosen for the new capital city because of its central location in Indonesia and the relatively low risk of natural disasters on the island of Borneo.
What were the reasons behind President Jokowi's decision to move the capital out of Java?
-President Jokowi decided to move the capital out of Java due to the heavy burden on the island, particularly Jakarta, as the center of governance and business.
What were the public's concerns regarding the transparency and planning of the new capital city?
-The public was concerned about the lack of transparency in the planning and development of the new capital city, with the analysis being rushed and not being made public.
What are some of the potential issues arising from the development of the new capital city?
-The development of the new capital city has the potential to cause issues such as the displacement of local communities and conflicts with indigenous people whose lands are being affected by the project.
How has the government addressed the funding for the new capital city?
-The government has allocated 90.4 trillion from the state budget, which is about 20% of the total need for the new capital city. The rest is expected to be funded by private investment and government cooperation with business entities.
What is the stance of the incoming president, Prabowo, on the continuation of the new capital city project?
-Prabowo has not shown a strong enthusiasm for the rapid completion of the new capital city project, and there has been no discussion on the matter in his meetings with party leaders and supporters.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ History of Indonesia's Capital Relocation Plans

The script discusses the long-standing idea of relocating Indonesia's capital city, which dates back to the era of President Soekarno in 1957. It details how Soekarno envisioned moving the capital to Palangkaraya and his interactions with Soviet engineers. However, due to the economic downturn in the 1960s, the development in Palangkaraya was hindered. The script also mentions subsequent presidents, including Soeharto and Abdurrahman Wahid, who had their own proposals for the capital's relocation. It culminates with President Joko Widodo's (Jokowi) firm decision to move the capital to East Kalimantan, which was announced in August 2019, citing the overburdened condition of Jakarta and Java Island.

05:00

📉 Challenges and Criticisms of the New Capital Development

This paragraph delves into the challenges and criticisms faced by the development of the new capital city in Indonesia. It highlights the rushed and secretive nature of the planning, which led to public criticism and legal challenges. The script mentions the quick passage of the National Capital City Law and the subsequent lawsuit filed by various civil society groups. It also discusses the potential issues such as land dispossession and the impact on local communities, particularly the indigenous people of Sepaku, whose land is being cleared for the project. The lack of transparency and the failure to attract sufficient investment are also highlighted, culminating in the resignation of key officials in June 2024.

10:01

🗳️ Political Outlook and Future of the Capital Relocation Project

The final paragraph focuses on the political stance and future of the capital relocation project. It reveals that Prabowo Subianto, a political figure, has not discussed the new capital in his meetings with party leaders. However, his commitment to continuing the project is affirmed by Thomas Jwo, a member of the synchronizing team. Prabowo suggests that the project will be a long-term endeavor, requiring 25 to 30 years for completion, and should initially rely on domestic funding before seeking foreign investment. The paragraph ends with an open question to the audience about their views on the continuation of the project under Prabowo's leadership.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Capital Relocation

Capital Relocation refers to the process of moving a country's capital city to a new location. In the context of the video, it is the central theme as it discusses the history and plans for moving Indonesia's capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan. The script mentions various presidents, including Soekarno and Jokowi, who have considered or are implementing this relocation.

💡Presidency

Presidency in this script denotes the office or term of a president, particularly in the context of Indonesia. It is relevant as different presidents, such as Soekarno, Soeharto, Gusdur, SBY, and Jokowi, have had varying stances and actions regarding the capital relocation throughout the years.

💡Kalimantan

Kalimantan is a part of the island of Borneo and one of the proposed new locations for Indonesia's capital city. The script highlights President Jokowi's decision to choose East Kalimantan as the new capital site due to its central location and lower disaster risk compared to other regions.

💡Infrastructure Development

Infrastructure Development is the process of creating basic physical and organizational structures needed for a society to function. The script refers to the development of roads and other facilities in Palangkaraya during Soekarno's era and the current plans for the new capital in East Kalimantan.

💡Economic Constraints

Economic Constraints are limitations imposed by financial or economic factors. The script mentions the 1960s economic downturn in Indonesia that hindered the development in Palangkaraya, illustrating how economic conditions can affect infrastructure projects.

💡Public Participation

Public Participation involves the inclusion of community members in decision-making processes. The script criticizes the lack of public involvement in the planning of the new capital, indicating a democratic concern about transparency and inclusivity in the capital relocation process.

💡Indigenous Communities

Indigenous Communities are groups of people who are the original inhabitants of a particular region. The script discusses the potential displacement of indigenous communities in East Kalimantan due to the new capital development, raising issues of land rights and cultural preservation.

💡Investment Attraction

Investment Attraction is the process of encouraging and facilitating investment in a particular project or region. The script mentions the challenges faced by the capital relocation project in attracting both domestic and foreign investment, despite efforts like the 'carpet red' approach.

💡Environmental Impact

Environmental Impact refers to the effects a project or action has on the environment. The script alludes to the potential environmental concerns related to the new capital's construction, such as the clearing of land and the displacement of communities.

💡Legislative Approval

Legislative Approval is the process by which a legislative body reviews and approves or rejects a proposed law or regulation. The script describes the rushed and closed approval of the National Capital City bill by the House of Representatives, raising questions about the legislative process's transparency and thoroughness.

💡Political Commitment

Political Commitment is the dedication and support of political figures or parties to a particular policy or project. The script contrasts the varying levels of enthusiasm and commitment to the capital relocation project among different political figures and parties.

Highlights

The idea of relocating Indonesia's capital city has been discussed since the era of President Soekarno but was never realized until President Jokowi's administration.

In 1957, President Soekarno first proposed moving the capital to Palangkaraya, envisioning it as a new economic center.

Soekarno's plan for the new capital involved collaboration with Soviet engineers and led to the construction of infrastructure in Palangkaraya.

Economic challenges in the 1960s hindered the development of Palangkaraya, leading to the plan's stagnation.

President Soeharto, who succeeded Soekarno, had different plans and considered moving the capital to Jonggol in Bogor, West Java.

President Abdurrahman Wahid, the fourth president, proposed Subang in West Java as an alternative capital city.

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, in 2010 and 2013, also considered relocating the capital to address Jakarta's congestion and flooding issues.

President Joko Widodo initiated a study on the capital relocation in May 2017, emphasizing the need to not burden the national budget.

In April 2019, President Jokowi decided to move the capital out of Java, citing the heavy load on Jakarta as a center for governance and business.

Three regions were considered for the new capital: Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi, with Kalimantan being chosen for its central location and lower disaster risk.

The decision to locate the new capital in North Penajam Paser and part of Kutai Kertanegara in East Kalimantan was announced in August 2019.

The detailed analysis for the capital relocation, claimed to be prepared over two years, was only submitted to President Jokowi three days before the announcement.

The rushed and closed process of the capital development plan faced criticism and was challenged legally by civil society groups.

The relocation has potential issues, such as the displacement of local communities and conflicts with indigenous people's rights.

The construction of the new capital has faced setbacks, including withdrawal of investors and operational challenges.

The government allocated 90.4 trillion rupiah from the state budget for the new capital, expecting additional funding from private investment and public-private partnerships.

The failure to attract sufficient private investment and resolve conflicts with local communities led to the resignation of the head of the National Capital Authority in June 2024.

President-elect Prabowo is reportedly not eager to rush the completion of the new capital construction, acknowledging its political nature and long-term development needs.