Lesson 4: Media and Information Sources | Media and Information Literacy

Summary

This video script delves into the world of information literacy, focusing on the types of information sources—primary, secondary, and tertiary—and how to identify them. It also guides viewers on finding and evaluating media information, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing facts from truths. The script highlights the role of libraries and the internet as rich sources of information and concludes with a practical framework for assessing the credibility and value of media content.

Takeaways

• 📚 Information is defined as processed data or knowledge derived from various sources, which can include ideas, thoughts, feelings, emotions, or learnings.
• 🔍 There are three main categories of information sources: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary sources are original, first-hand materials; secondary sources involve analysis of primary materials; tertiary sources summarize primary and secondary materials.
• 🏺 Examples of primary sources include artifacts, diaries, autobiographies, letters, manuscripts, music sheets, official documents, emails, journals, conference proceedings, artworks, architecture, patents, and audio/video recordings.
• 📰 Secondary sources like newspaper articles, literature reviews, textbooks, and biographies involve the interpretation and analysis of primary sources.
• 📚 Tertiary sources include encyclopedias, dictionaries, guidebooks, manuals, directories, and other compiled works that synthesize information from primary and secondary sources.
• 🌏 Indigenous media, such as folk tales, songs, and dances, serve as a form of communication for cultural preservation and expression, and can be a significant source of information.
• 🏢 Libraries are repositories of media and information, offering various services like user services, technical services, computer services, and administrative services, and can be classified into school, academic, public, and special libraries.
• 🌐 The internet is a global network that allows sharing of information for various purposes, making it a vast source of media and information that can be accessed quickly with a keyword or phrase.
• 🔑 Evaluation of information involves considering its factuality and truthfulness, distinguishing between facts based on empirical research and personal beliefs or philosophical ideas that may also be considered as truths.
• ❓ To assess information, questions to ask include the credibility of the source, the medium used for conveying the information, the purpose of the information, how it is presented, and its value to the audience.
• 📝 The CRAAP test (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose) is a useful method for evaluating the quality and reliability of information in media.

Q & A

What is the definition of information according to the script?

Information is described as processed data and/or knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals, or symbols. It can be ideas, thoughts, feelings, emotions, or learnings that are communicated or have been communicated.

What are the three main categories of information sources mentioned in the script?

The three main categories of information sources are primary sources, secondary sources, and tertiary sources.

What is a primary source and what are some examples?

A primary source is an original, uninterpreted, or first-hand material created by a person or persons involved in a particular activity or event. Examples include artifacts, diaries, autobiographies, letters, manuscripts, music sheets, official documents, emails, journals, periodicals, conference proceedings, artworks, architecture, and patents.

What is a secondary source and how does it differ from a primary source?

A secondary source is information obtained through the analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of primary source materials. It differs from a primary source in that it is not a first-hand account but rather an interpretation or analysis of primary sources.

What is a tertiary source and why are encyclopedias and dictionaries considered as such?

A tertiary source involves information that collects, organizes, and summarizes primary and secondary source material. Encyclopedias and dictionaries are considered tertiary sources because they present a collection of different pieces of information that could have stemmed from primary and secondary sources.

What is an example of indigenous media and why is it important?

Indigenous media is a form of media conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous people for cultural preservation, artistic expression, political self-determination, and cultural sovereignty. An example is folk songs like 'Harana' and 'Kundiman' in the Philippines, which are important as they represent the culture and can educate others about it.

Why are libraries considered a good source of media and information?

Libraries serve as repositories for media and information, offering a wide range of resources such as books, journals, and databases. They provide services that link people to the information they seek and offer technical, computer, and administrative services to support information access and management.

What is the role of the internet in accessing media and information?

The internet is a global network that allows users to share and access information quickly and easily. With a keyword or phrase, users can find a vast amount of information in a short time, making it an essential tool for media and information access.

What is the difference between facts and truths according to the script?

Facts are pieces of information based on empirical research and quantifiable measures, indisputable and proven. Truths may include facts but can also encompass personal beliefs or philosophical ideas. Truths are widely accepted norms or beliefs that apply to situations.

What are some questions to ask when evaluating information in media?

When evaluating information, ask about the source's credibility, the medium used to convey the information, the purpose of the information, how the information is presented, and whether the information is valuable to you as an audience.

What does the acronym CRAAP stand for and how can it be used to evaluate information?

CRAAP stands for Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose. It is a set of criteria to evaluate the quality and reliability of information, considering its timeliness, fit to needs, source credibility, correctness, and intention.