Maratha Reservation Explained: The Maratha Reservation Bill Journey Through Maharashtra's History

The Indian Express
20 Feb 202403:07

Summary

TLDRThe Maharashtra Assembly's approval of the Marata Reservation Bill on February 20th has heightened social and political tensions. The bill grants a 10% reservation for the Marata community in education and jobs, increasing the total reservation to 62%. The Maratas, who make up 33% of Maharashtra's population, have long sought such reservations. Despite past efforts and legal challenges, including a Supreme Court setback in 2021, the demand for recognition as a socially and educationally backward class (KES) within the OBC quota has intensified, leading to polarization and opposition from OBC organizations and other communities seeking their own reservations.

Takeaways

  • đŸ›ïž The Maharashtra assembly approved the Maratha Reservation Bill, which grants 10% reservation for the Maratha community in education and jobs.
  • đŸ‘„ The Marathas are a significant community, comprising various castes including peasants and landowners, and make up nearly 33% of Maharashtra's population.
  • đŸ—Łïž Not all Marathi-speaking people belong to the Maratha community, despite the community's Marathi language association.
  • 📊 The reservation breakdown in Maharashtra now includes 13.5% for Scheduled Castes, 7% for Scheduled Tribes, 19% for OBCs, and 2% for Special Backward Class, among others.
  • 📜 The first protest for Maratha reservations was held 32 years ago by labor union leader Anna Sah Patle in Mumbai, marking the beginning of a long struggle.
  • 📝 In 2014, the state government introduced an ordinance for 16% reservation in government jobs and education for Marathas, based on the Narayan R committee recommendations.
  • đŸ›ïž In November 2018, the government approved reservations for Marathas under the Socially and Educational Backward Class Act, following the findings of the Backward Class Commission.
  • 🏱 The reservation gave the BJP a political edge over rivals Congress and NCP, highlighting its significance in electoral politics.
  • đŸš« In 2021, the Supreme Court struck down the quota for Marathas under the Socially and Educational Backward Class Act 2018, leading to further agitation.
  • 🔄 The Marathas sought recognition as KES (Socially and Educationally Backward Class) to be eligible for benefits under the OBC quota.
  • đŸ’„ The new law has increased the total reservation to 62%, including a 10% quota for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), causing a polarization between Marathas and OBCs.
  • 🚹 OBC organizations oppose the Maratha demand within the OBC category, fearing a reduction in their limited quota, while other communities like Dangayat Lingayat and Muslims have also raised demands for reservations.

Q & A

  • What is the Maratha Reservation Bill and what does it grant?

    -The Maratha Reservation Bill is a legislative act passed by the Maharashtra assembly that grants 10% reservation for the Maratha community in both education and jobs.

  • Who are the Marathas and what percentage of Maharashtra's population do they constitute?

    -The Marathas are a group of castes, including peasants and landowners, and they constitute nearly 33% of Maharashtra's population.

  • What is the distinction between Marathi speakers and the Maratha community?

    -While most Marathas speak Marathi, not all Marathi-speaking people belong to the Maratha community.

  • What is the current breakdown of reservations in Maharashtra prior to the Maratha Reservation Bill?

    -Prior to the bill, the reservation breakdown in Maharashtra included 13.3% for Scheduled Castes, 7% for Scheduled Tribes, 19% for Other Backward Classes (OBCs), and 2% for Special Backward Class, among others.

  • When was the first protest for Maratha reservations held and who led it?

    -The first protest for Maratha reservations was held 32 years ago and was led by Matari labor union leader Anna Sah Patle in Mumbai.

  • What was the political context in 2014 regarding Maratha reservations?

    -In 2014, ahead of the assembly elections, the then Prv Chavan-led state government introduced an ordinance for 16% reservation for Marathas in government jobs and education.

  • When was the Maratha reservation officially approved by the government and on what basis?

    -In November 2018, the government approved the reservation for Marathas under the Socially and Educationally Backward Class Act, based on the findings of the Backward Class Commission headed by MG Gad.

  • What was the Bombay High Court's stance on the Maratha quota in 2019?

    -In June 2019, the Bombay High Court upheld the constitutional validity of the Maratha quota under the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Act, 2018.

  • What was the Supreme Court's decision regarding the Maratha quota in 2021?

    -In 2021, the Supreme Court struck down the quota for Marathas under the state's Socially and Educationally Backward Class Act 2018.

  • What is the new total percentage of reservation after the passing of the Maratha Reservation Bill?

    -With the passing of the Maratha Reservation Bill, the total reservation has increased from 52% to 62% in Maharashtra.

  • What has been the reaction of OBC organizations to the Maratha demand for reservation within the OBC category?

    -OBC organizations have come together to oppose the Maratha demand for reservation within the OBC category, arguing that they already have a limited quota and cannot afford to share it with the Marathas.

  • What other communities have raised demands for reservations following the Maratha Reservation Bill?

    -Other communities such as Danga Lingayat and Muslims have also raised demands for reservations.

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Maratha ReservationSocial QuotaEducation JobsMaharashtra PoliticsCaste DynamicsCommunity DemandsReservation BillPolitical TurmoilLegal ChallengesSocial Justice
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