BAGAIMANA CARA GUNADHARMA MEMBANGUN CANDI BOROBUDUR?

Indonesia Insider

7 Jun 202004:13

Summary

TLDRThe script delves into the enigmatic history of Borobudur, the world's largest Buddhist monument. It remains a mystery who constructed it, with Gunadharma speculated as the architect, based on folklore rather than inscriptions. Estimated to be built around 824 CE and completed half a century later, it features 2,670 relief panels, stretching 6 km if laid out. The construction involved approximately 2 million andesite blocks, precisely carved and interlocked without mortar, sourced from distant quarries. This architectural marvel, a testament to the pinnacle of artistic and architectural achievement, stands as an enduring symbol of the nation's rich cultural heritage.

Takeaways

🛕 Borobudur Temple is surrounded by numerous mysteries, including its construction and the origin of its name.
👷‍♂️ The architect of Borobudur is believed to be Gunadharma, a legendary and mysterious figure.
📜 Dutch historian Johannes De Casparis estimated that Borobudur was founded by King Samaratungga of the Syailendra Dynasty around 824 AD.
🏛️ The temple was completed during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani, approximately half a century later.
🎨 Borobudur features 2,670 relief panels that, if laid end-to-end, would stretch for 6 kilometers.
🪨 Constructing the temple required around 2 million andesite stone blocks, intricately carved to interlock without any adhesive.
🏗️ The andesite stones were sourced from distant locations, adding to the complexity of the construction.
🧱 Skilled craftsmen carved the stones on-site, ensuring they fit together precisely like a giant Lego set.
💪 Moving the stone blocks to Borobudur's site required substantial manpower, with estimates of four people needed to carry each block.
🌄 The completed structure covers the entire Borobudur hill with a stepped, octagonal design, reaching a height of 35 meters.

Q & A

What is the mystery surrounding the origins of Borobudur?
-The origins of Borobudur are mysterious because the exact method of its construction and the meaning behind its name are still unclear.
Who is believed to be the architect of Borobudur?
-The architect of Borobudur is traditionally believed to be a figure named Gunadharma, though his identity is shrouded in legend and not based on historical records.
What role did Johannes De Casparis play in the history of Borobudur?
-Johannes De Casparis, a Dutch historian, studied inscriptions and concluded that Borobudur was likely built by King Samaratungga of the Sailendra dynasty around the year 824 AD.
When was Borobudur believed to be completed?
-Borobudur was believed to be completed during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani, approximately half a century after its construction began.
How many relief panels does Borobudur have, and what do they depict?
-Borobudur has 2,670 relief panels, which, if laid out, would stretch to about 6 kilometers. These panels depict various scenes, including stories from the life of Buddha.
What is notable about the construction technique used for Borobudur?
-Borobudur was constructed using about two million blocks of andesite stone, carefully carved and interlocked without the use of cement or other adhesives, similar to a giant Lego set.
Where did the stones for Borobudur's construction come from?
-The andesite stones used in Borobudur's construction were not found locally but were sourced from a distant location, requiring significant effort to transport them.
How were the stones for Borobudur prepared and transported?
-The stones were first carved into blocks at the quarry, then transported by workers, with each block requiring around four people to carry it to the construction site.
What is the shape of the Borobudur structure, and how high is it?
-Borobudur is constructed as a stepped pyramid with a square base and a central dome at the top, reaching a height of 35 meters.
Why is Borobudur considered a masterpiece of architecture?
-Borobudur is considered a masterpiece due to its intricate design, extensive reliefs, and the sophisticated construction techniques used, all accomplished without modern technology.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Mysteries of Borobudur Temple

The video explores the numerous mysteries surrounding Borobudur Temple, from its construction to the origin of its name, which remain unsolved to this day. The architect, Gunadharma, is a legendary figure with no historical records, and the construction of the temple is a testament to the advanced architectural skills of the era.

🗿 Theories of Borobudur's Construction

According to historical records studied by Dutch scholar Johannes de Casparis, Borobudur was likely built by King Samaratungga of the Syailendra dynasty around 824 AD and completed during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani. The temple's intricate design and massive scale make it a wonder of ancient engineering.

📜 Architectural Marvels of Borobudur

Borobudur is renowned for its 2,670 relief panels, which, if stretched out, would span 6 kilometers. The temple was constructed using around two million andesite stone blocks, meticulously carved and interlocked without any cement or adhesive, similar to a giant Lego set.

🪨 Sourcing and Shaping the Stones

The andesite stones used in Borobudur's construction were not locally sourced. They had to be quarried from distant locations and then transported to the temple site. Expert craftsmen carved these stones to fit perfectly together, showcasing remarkable skill and precision given the limited technology of the time.

👷 The Herculean Effort of Construction

The construction of Borobudur involved a massive workforce. Each stone block required four men to carry it, highlighting the sheer number of laborers needed. The precision required to fit each block together perfectly, forming a terraced structure covering the entire hill, underscores the incredible coordination and effort involved.

🏰 Borobudur: A Monument to Ancient Ingenuity

Borobudur stands as a monumental achievement in ancient architecture. Its construction, requiring extensive labor, precise calculations, and artistic skill, reflects the high level of sophistication in engineering and design achieved by the civilization of the time, long before modern construction technologies were available.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Borobudur

Borobudur is a famous Buddhist temple in Indonesia, renowned for its large size and intricate architecture. The video explores the many mysteries surrounding its construction and origin, emphasizing its significance as a monumental achievement in ancient architecture. The temple's creation is discussed in terms of the unknowns about its builders and the source of its materials.

💡Gunadharma

Gunadharma is the legendary architect attributed to the design of Borobudur. The video highlights that little is known about him, as his existence is based on folklore rather than historical records. This contributes to the overall mystery of Borobudur’s creation.

💡Syailendra Dynasty

The Syailendra Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in Central Java, Indonesia, during the time Borobudur was built. According to the video, it is believed that the temple was constructed under the reign of King Samaratungga from this dynasty, indicating their significant role in its history.

💡Johannes De Casparis

Johannes De Casparis was a Dutch historian who studied the inscriptions related to Borobudur. His research led to the estimation that the construction of Borobudur began around 824 CE and was completed during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani, providing a historical timeline for the monument.

💡Reliefs

Reliefs are carved panels that decorate the walls of Borobudur, depicting various scenes and stories. The video mentions that Borobudur has 2,670 relief panels that, if laid out, would stretch for 6 kilometers, showcasing the temple's extensive and detailed artwork.

💡Andesite

Andesite is the type of volcanic rock used in the construction of Borobudur. The video notes that about two million andesite blocks were quarried and transported to the temple site, highlighting the immense effort and resources required to build the structure.

💡Interlocking

Interlocking refers to the technique used to fit the stone blocks of Borobudur together without the use of cement or other binding materials. This method is compared to assembling Lego pieces, emphasizing the precision and skill involved in the temple's construction.

💡Pramudawardhani

Pramudawardhani was a queen of the Syailendra Dynasty, under whose reign the construction of Borobudur was completed. Her involvement signifies the continuation and finalization of the temple project, as discussed in the video.

💡Mahakarya

Mahakarya means 'great work' or 'masterpiece' in Indonesian. The video describes Borobudur as a mahakarya of art and architecture, highlighting its grandeur and the sophisticated craftsmanship involved in its construction.

💡Technology

Technology in the context of the video refers to the tools and methods used by the ancient builders of Borobudur. Despite the lack of modern technology, the builders achieved remarkable precision and complexity in the temple's design, which is a central theme in the video.

Highlights

Borobudur Temple is surrounded by many unsolved mysteries, including its origins and the identity of its architect.

The architect of Borobudur is believed to be Gunadharma, a mysterious figure known only through legend and folklore.

According to historical records studied by Dutch historian Johannes De Casparis, Borobudur was likely commissioned by King Samaratungga of the Syailendra Dynasty.

Construction of Borobudur is estimated to have begun around 824 AD and was completed during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani about half a century later.

Borobudur is the largest Buddhist monument in the world, featuring 2,670 relief panels that would stretch 6 kilometers if laid end to end.

The temple was constructed using approximately 2 million carved andesite stone blocks, meticulously interlocked without the use of cement or adhesives.

The construction of Borobudur is likened to assembling a massive Lego set, with interlocking stones and intricate relief carvings.

The andesite stones used for Borobudur were not sourced locally; they were mined and transported from distant locations.

Stone blocks were precisely carved at the quarry site to ensure they would fit together perfectly during construction.

Transporting the 2 million stone blocks required immense labor, with an estimated four workers needed to carry each block.

The workers had to precisely align each stone block to ensure the structure's stability and integrity.

The temple's design forms a massive, tiered structure with a central dome at the top, reaching a height of 35 meters.

Borobudur is an architectural masterpiece that demonstrates the advanced artistic and engineering capabilities of its builders.

The construction of Borobudur was achieved without the advanced building technologies known today.

Borobudur stands as a testament to the artistic and architectural achievements of ancient Indonesian civilization.