FPV Drones & Artificial Intelligence: How Russia is Transforming Drone Warfare

Summary

The video discusses the use of AI-enabled first-person-view (FPV) attack drones in the Russia-Ukraine war. It explains how FPV drones allow operators to see targets from the drone's perspective for precise attacks, but often lose connection due to signal interference. Russia has developed an AI aiming system that allows drones to independently identify and track targets when signal is lost. Combined with mass production capabilities, advanced tech like infrared cameras, and volunteer support, Russia likely has superiority in drone warfare over Ukraine's DIY drone efforts, representing a shift in the conflict.

Takeaways

• 😀 FPV drones allow operators to see from the drone's perspective using a headset.
• 😱 Russia is equipping drones with AI targeting systems to hit targets when signal is lost.
• 😎 Ukraine is also developing AI drones, but likely lacks Russia's scale.
• 🔬 Russia can mass produce cheap drones like the Gadfly Kamikaze drone.
• 🛠 Russia is pursuing distributed manufacturing of drones through volunteer groups.
• 🌙 Russia is using night vision and thermal imaging cameras on its drones.
• 💣 FPV drones are extremely lethal, like a flying grenade.
• 📈 The side that can produce more drones faster may prevail in this war of attrition.
• 🏭 Russia has greater industrial capacity to produce military hardware at scale.
• 👷‍♂️ Ukraine is trying to mobilize citizens to produce FPV drones at home.

Q & A

What are FPV drones and how are they used in war?

FPV drones are drones with a camera that the operator views through a headset. The operator sees what the drone sees and cannot move the camera independently. FPV drones are often used to deliver explosives to targets like vehicles, buildings, and troops. Their low cost makes them expendable.

How does AI targeting help FPV drones overcome signal loss?

AI targeting uses a neural network to identify and track targets, allowing the drone to continue homing in on the target even when signal is lost between the drone and operator. This makes them effective even against electronic warfare jamming.

Why can't Ukraine match Russia's drone capabilities?

Russia has a much larger military-industrial base and output capacity compared to Ukraine. Russia can produce drones on a far greater scale and integrate advanced technologies like AI more readily than Ukraine.

How are night vision and thermal imaging used on Russian drones?

Russia is equipping more drones with infrared and thermal imaging for night operations. This allows Russian drones to continue operating effectively at night when Ukraine previously had an advantage.

What is distributed drone manufacturing and how is it used?

Distributed manufacturing is having individuals build components of drones at home, which are then assembled and used at the front lines. Both sides are utilizing this to increase drone production.

Why can't distributed manufacturing replace industrial capacity?

Distributed manufacturing can supplement but not replace industrial capacity. Countries like the UK used it in WWII but still heavily relied on the industrial output of the US and USSR.

How are volunteer groups expanding drone production in Russia?

Russian volunteer groups are mass producing FPV drones, claiming to make 1000 per day. This is aided by Russia's Ministry of Defense and expands drone production.

How are both sides utilizing drones in the Ukraine conflict?

With limited large scale offensives, drones allow precision strikes to erode enemy forces. The side producing more drones faster may gain an advantage in this attrition warfare.

Why can't the West match Russian military production?

The West prioritizes profits over purpose. Revamping for wartime production would hurt bottom lines. Russia is more purpose driven and can absorb the costs.

What role has Russian industrial capacity played historically?

In WWII, Russia could absorb heavy losses and mass produce hardware. A similar capacity allows Russia to produce more drones and other weapons vs. Ukraine.

Outlines

00:00

😲 FP drones explained in detail with diagrams.

Paragraph 1 provides a detailed explanation of first person view (FPV) drones and how they work using diagrams. It covers how the operator sees through the drone's camera using a headset, attaching explosives for attacks, and challenges like signal loss.

05:02

📡 How AI guidance helps FPV drones overcome signal loss.

Paragraph 2 continues explaining FPV drone operation. It focuses on how signal loss occurs when obstacles block line-of-sight between operator and drone. AI guidance allows the drone to continue homing in on targets without needing a signal.

10:04

📰 Western media narratives on Russian AI drone targeting.

Paragraph 3 discusses Western media coverage of AI-enabled Russian drones in Ukraine. It notes how articles portray Ukraine as innovating but overlook Russia's greater ability to produce advanced drones at scale.

15:05

💪 Russia's superior military-industrial output and drone quantities.

Paragraph 4 elaborates on Russia's advantages in military-industrial production and drone numbers compared to Ukraine. It explains why Russia can more easily implement AI and equip drones en masse.

20:06

🌙 Advanced tech like thermal imaging gives Russia the edge.

Paragraph 5 covers Russia's use of advanced technology like infrared and thermal imaging to make drones more lethal at night when Ukraine had an perceived advantage.

25:08

🏭 Distributed manufacturing can't compete with Russia's industry.

Paragraph 6 concludes by discussing Ukraine's distributed manufacturing of drones and why it ultimately can't compare to Russia's industrial capacity and output.

Keywords

💡first-person view (FPV) drones

A type of drone that has a camera allowing the operator to see from the drone's perspective through a headset. The camera cannot move independently so the operator steers the entire drone to change view. They are used to deliver explosives and are cheap but lose signal easily.

💡electronic warfare

The use of electromagnetic energy to disable electronic equipment. This is used by Russia to disrupt the signal between Ukrainian drones and their operators, causing them to crash.

💡artificial intelligence (AI)

Software that allows drones to operate autonomously using cameras and neural networks to identify and track targets. This prevents signal loss to operators from disrupting drone attacks.

💡targeting

The ability of drones to identify and lock onto targets using bounding boxes, allowing them to guide themselves to the target without human guidance. Russia claims a 90% accuracy rate for its AI targeting systems.

💡infrared imaging

A type of thermal camera technology used for night vision. Russia is increasingly putting this on its FPV drones for covert night time attacks when Ukraine previously had a technological edge.

💡industrial capacity

A country's ability to mass produce military equipment. Russia has superior capacity to Ukraine and the West, allowing it to make far more high quality drones and counter any Ukrainian innovations.

💡quantity over quality

Russia is able to deploy larger quantities of more advanced drones than Ukraine due to its industrial capacity, not through having better individual drones.

💡distributed manufacturing

Decentralized production where components are made by individuals then assembled centrally. Ukraine is attempting this to increase its drone production but Russia likely has far more resources to do the same.

💡static war of attrition

The conflict has become a stalemate where both sides suffer heavy losses without much changing. Victory may go to whoever can produce more weapons like drones to slowly degrade the enemy.

💡asymmetrical technological capability

Russia has superior technology, manufacturing capacity, resources and numbers compared to Ukraine. Ukraine's innovations do not overcome this fundamental asymmetry in the two countries' capabilities.

Highlights

FPV drones allow operators to see from the drone's perspective using a headset.

FPV drones are often used to deliver explosives and conduct precision strikes on targets like vehicles, infantry, and boats.

FPV drones are low-cost and simple, using off-the-shelf components like airframes, motors, controllers, and cameras.

A weakness of FPV drones is their signal can be disrupted by obstacles, distance, or electronic warfare jamming.

AI targeting allows FPV drones to guide themselves to a target when signal is lost, making them resistant to jamming.

Russia likely exceeds Ukraine in industrial capacity to produce drones, accessories like AI, and counter-drone EW systems.

Adding thermal imaging gives Russian FPV drones a major advantage for night operations.

Ukraine lacks capability to add IR cameras to drones at Russia's scale due to state control of defense industry.

Russia is outpacing Ukraine in number of drones, with 2x as many assault drones by some estimates.

Russia's industrial capacity allowed mass production of military hardware in WWII, same advantage today.

Russia has volunteer groups mass producing FPV drones, up to 1000 per day by some reports.

Russia can likely add AI targeting to FPV drones at scale due to industrial capacity.

High production and attrition may determine victor in static war of attrition.

Western defense industry is profit-driven, while Russia is purpose-driven, giving Russia advantage.

Russia can likely match or exceed any Ukrainian drone innovation due to industrial capacity.

Transcripts

fpv drones or firstperson view drones

are drones with a camera that the

operator is looking through using a

specialized headset he sees what the

Drone sees cannot move the camera

independently of the rest of the Drone

so if he wants to look somewhere he has

to point the whole drone in that

direction and what these are generally

used for are attaching explosives

different types of ordinance and flying

them directly into an enemy Target it

could be Vehicles like tanks armored

vehicles pickup trucks even boats out on

a river and it could be deeply uh well

fortified infantry uh they have been

used for all of these applications and

the number of applications continue to

grow as troops use them on the

battlefield gain experience and continue

experimenting with them they're very low

cost as you can see there's not much to

them it's a it's an air frame a plastic

airframe usually with four electric

motors a flight controller a battery and

a camera and then whatever explosives

you decide to attach to it they're cheap

to make both sides are using them but

what I want to talk about in this video

is the use of artificial intelligence um

that that makes these drones so much

more lethal by bypassing one of their

greatest weaknesses is the signal

between them and the operator and the

many things that can disrupt it

including obstacles in the terrain but

also electronic warfare which can jam or

Commander the signal of these drones

we'll show you this article right here

first this is from Shephard publishing

Russia claims to have developed AI based

aiming system for kikazi drone and I

will explain in full why this is so

important but before we do that I just

want to help help you navigate

through these Western narratives that

that we have seen take shape since the

Russian special military operation began

in Ukraine in February 2022 this is from

wired this is from March 2022 so the

month after the Smo began Russia's

killer drone in Ukraine raises fear

about AI in Warfare the maker of the

drone claims that it can identify

targets using artificial intelligence

and this is uh the CU drone I believe

from kalishnikov

concern and the article says a Russian

suicide drone that boasts the ability to

identify targets using artificial

intelligence has been spotted in images

of the ongoing invasion of Ukraine the

Drone itself may do little to alter the

course of the war in Ukraine as there is

no evidence that Russia is using them

widely so far

but its appearance has sparked concern

about the potential for AI to take a

greater role in making lethal decisions

the notion of a killer robot where you

have artificial intelligence fused with

weapons that technology is here and it's

being used says Zachary kalenborn a

research affiliate with the national

Consortium for the study of terrorism

and responses to terrorism or

start little did know that yes indeed

these these drones would have an impact

on the fighting in Ukraine and that AI

would eventually end up taking on a much

larger and more important role now while

the article is trying to make it sound

like these drones are going to be

deciding life and death on the

battlefield it should be pointed out

that the AI targeting system that uh

Russia has been developing this is where

an operator picks a

Target the AI recognizes the Target and

uh keeps it insight as the as it guides

the Drone into the target I guess now

would be a good time to actually explain

how this works and why it's so important

and then I will go over the Western

media and how they have been covering

this development so here's a a diagram

here's the Drone operator here

a this is the Drone that he's operating

a first-person view drone here B and you

have to remember firstperson view drone

the operator sees what the Drone is

seeing uh almost as if he was in the

Drone itself it's different than

quadcopters that are used for

observation uh you you you can point the

camera in different directions relative

to the direction of the Drone the fpv

Drone is just looking straightforward

you cannot change where the camera is

looking except by changing the uh where

you're flying the Drone and C is the

entrenched enemy and as you can see

there's some obstacles in the way

there's a hill there's a building and

there are trees in the

way these red lines represent the line

of sight or uh the line of sight of the

signal more specifically again the the

operator is not looking at the Drone

he's looking through the Drone when

we're talking about first person view

drones and that is where the operator is

actually seeing these entrenched uh

soldiers he wants to use this drone to

swoop down and strike

at as you can see when the Drone goes

down uh the pilot is still seeing the

target but the Drone has now left the

line of sight of the signal there

there's trees buildings and a hill in

between him and the Drone and the signal

flickers out and if you've watched a lot

of fpv drone videos you will notice how

the closer the Drone gets to the ground

the worse the signal is and that is that

is what is happening these obstacles

between the operator and the Drone uh

suddenly begin interfering with the

signal the closer the Drone gets to the

ground the more obstacles there are

between the the line of sight of the

signal and the Drone

itself

there's a couple of things you can do to

get around this you could have a second

drone here uh with the letter d and this

is operated by another drone operator

this could be a normal quadcopter you're

using for observation it could have a

repeater for the signal it'll help the

the fpv Drone go further and it'll also

help maintain the signal uh as it

approaches to the

grounds it's a little a little bit more

complicated it requires two operators

two

drones uh and what happens if here

letter E the enemy is using electronic

warfare you can see uh it is emitting

electromagnetic radiation and it's meant

to either interfere with and and blind

the signal of the Drone or even take the

drone over commer the Drone in this case

the Drone can't cannot approach the

target without losing

the signal and becoming useless and

missing its Target so this is where AI

comes in as the Drone uh reaches this

position the operator can see the target

but before approaching it and losing

control of the

Drone he switches over to ai ai will see

the target designated by the operator

and it will look at it optically it will

guide the Drone itself into to the

targets almost as if there was a little

pilot inside the Drone itself the AI is

the pilot it does not require any kind

of signal from the operator it does not

require any sort of guidance by GPS it

simply sees the enemy uh and moves the

Drone toward the enemy until it hits its

Target and that's what uh this is

supposed to represent the AI itself

looking at the Target and homing in

until it hits and destroys the Target so

I hope that diagram makes it very clear

when I read these

articles uh from across the Western

media they're going to talk about this I

hope that diagram helps put a an actual

picture in your head so that we can

understand what exactly they're talking

about that Wired Magazine article really

does not explain why AI is so important

as a matter of fact I think it sort of

misleads readers we have this article

from The Washington Post this is from

July

2023 the war in Ukraine is spurring a

revolution in drone warfare using AI the

Advent of AI enabled drones holds huge

promise for Ukraine's military but may

also be exploited by nefarious non-state

actors and and also by the way may all

already being used by Russia on a much

larger scale I think you can see where

this is all going the article says in an

open field in rural Ukraine a drone

equipped with a bomb lost connection

with its human operator after coming

under attack by electronic jamming

equipment electronic warfare ew but

instead of crashing into the ground the

Drone accelerated towards its Target and

destroyed it the Drone avoided the fate

of thousands of other un crude aircraft

in this war by relying on new artificial

intelligence software that accounts for

the electronic interference now commonly

deployed by Russia stabilizing the drug

drone and keeping it locked on a

pre-selected Target AI capabilities help

the Drone complete its Mission even if

the target moves representing a

significant upgrade from existing drones

that track specific coordinates uh using

GPS which can also be jammed such AI

technology under development by a

growing number of Ukrainian drone

companies is one of several Innovative

leaps underway in kev's domestic drone

Market that are accelerating and

democratizing The lethality of unarm uh

onm Warfare especially crucial for

Ukraine's outgunned military which is

fighting a larger and better equipped

Russian

enemy and what all of these Western news

stories about Ukrainian Innovations what

they all forget to mention is that any

Innovation Ukraine comes up with Russia

can easily match and then with its

industrial might its larger population

it can it could surpass in both quantity

and also quality so that is what they're

talking about that the process that the

Drone is using is that process that I

just showed you using the diagrams it is

uh the operator pre-selecting a Target

and then the AI piloting the Drone

itself into the target using the camera

being able to interpret what it is

seeing on the camera and not relying on

any external signal making it immune to

electronic

warfare and also interference just

because of obstacles and distance

between itself and the operator so that

brings me back to this article from

Shephard publishing Russia claims to

have developed AI based aiming system

for kikazi drone this was August 2023

but but we've heard about this uh much

more recently there the article says the

designer of the gadfly fpv kamakazi

drone claims to have integrated an AI

based aiming system that uses a neural

network to identify targets a Russian

company manufacturing the gadfly

firstperson view fpv kikazi drone has

developed an AI based aiming system for

the

UAV uh onm aerial vehicle according to

an interview with the designer and this

was published by Ria noos this was

August

2023 the aiming system employs a neural

network to analyze identify and assist

in attacking both stationary and mobile

targets with an accuracy uh rate of 90%

a video released with the article showed

the fpv perspective from the Drone with

bounding boxes around moving trucks

stationary Targets in Wood cover and

other

Airborne drones then if you've ever

noticed your your camera on your

smartphone can do this you see the

bounding boxes uh popping up the

depending on what mode it's in and it's

selecting a potential subject for your

photograph you can manually change it

and adjust the settings But ultimately

it's your your

smartphone

using these type of of Technologies

these algorithms to select and focus on

a particular subject now we have drones

that are capable of doing this for an

entirely different purpose now of course

if Russia is doing this and we we read

the the news article about Ukraine

attempting to do this

who ultimately is going to have the

advantage the the nation with the

largest military

industrial base the largest

military-industrial output which is

Russia they have proved this over and

over again whether it's something low

Tech like artillery

shells complex Vehicles like main battle

tanks or even Precision guided missiles

cruise missiles even Hypersonic missiles

Russia is capable of building many more

of these often times with better

capabilities than the west and I don't

understand why anyone would doubt Russia

is capable of doing likewise with drones

uh we have seen many articles Across the

Western media talking about how

outnumbered Ukraine is in terms of these

drones specifically that this is an

article that I have uh got over many

times before this is from The Economist

November 2023 Russia is starting to make

its superiority in electronic warfare

account and this is what the article

says it says Ukraine has trained an army

of some 10,000 drone pilots who are now

constantly engaged in a cat and mouse

game with increasingly Adept Russian ew

operators electronic warfare

operators uh the the favored drones are

cheap costing not much more than $1,000

each and Ukraine is building building

enormous quantities of them but losses

to Russian electronic warfare which

either scrambles their guidance systems

or jams their radio control links with

their operators have at times been

running at over 2,000 a week the smitten

drones hover aimlessly until their

batteries run out and they fall to the

ground neither hardening them against

jamming nor investing them

with artificial intelligence to fly

without a live link to a human operator

are feasible options yet at least for

many drones so

again Russia has the ability to uh use

AI to improve their drones they have the

ability to do this on an industrial

level Ukraine does not the the Western

military industrial complex does not

they're not geared toward that they are

profit driven not purpose-driven

they

prioritize profits research and

development accelerated timelines this

all eats into their bottom line which

they they would do almost anything to

prevent which is why they have resisted

throughout the duration of the special

military

operation

revamping uh the themselves as companies

and collectively as an industry to

actually meet match or exceed Russian

military industrial output the article

then says quantity still wins out over

quality but Russia may have an advantage

there too the Skies over the battlefield

are now thick with Russian drones around

bmot Ukrainian soldiers estimate that

Russia is deploying twice the number of

assault drones they are able to so

Russia has more drones and Russian

drones are more effective have better

capabilities and are constantly being

improved through features like AI

guided targeting for example and I want

to point something else out regarding

these not not just these first person

view drones but drone Warfare in general

it's not just the introduction of AI to

help them uh close in on

targets uh when when the signal is

otherwise

interrupted between it and the operator

there is also this use of night vision

on these drones and as Mark LOD has

pointed out both on my channel during

interviews and other interviews that he

has given Russian firstperson view

drones are now uh increasingly being

equipped with infrared Imaging this is

relatively costly this is not something

that you would uh put on all drones

whether they're used day or night but

Russia is equipping firstperson view

drones uh four night operations and this

is a thermal Imaging system that is

meant to be used once and and obviously

lost when when the first person view

kikazi drone strikes its Target uh and

this is a growing problem and this comes

from Kiev post this is Ukrainian Pro

Ukrainian media Ukrainian based

pro-ukrainian media Russia's night

drones pose a serious new threat to

Ukraine's troops and this isn't just for

first person view drones uh other drones

that drop ordinance on troops and

vehicles are also being equipped with

infrared if you follow the conflict

closely in the footage coming out of the

of the use of these drones you can see

just how much more prevalent infrared

imaging has

become it says Ukrainian soldiers at the

front lines say that Russians have

changed tactics moscow's forces are now

making use of fpv firstperson view

drones equipped with heat detecting

night vision to strike in the darkness a

time when the ukrainians had previous ly

benefited from a technological advantage

well I don't think there ever was a

technological advantage I think that was

just the Western media doing what it has

always

done portrayed Russia as backwards ill

equipped and incompetent when in reality

Russia had always had the

advantage it has just become impossible

to hide it now the article also says

Russians use both light sensitive

cameras capable of seeing in the dark

with minimal lighting and more Danger

thermal cameras more dangerous to the

targets these drones are hunting light

sensitive cameras passive night vision

systems uh collect available light and

amplify it thermal imaging

as gathering information about

temperature differences so two different

strategies thermal imaging is usually

more more costly and difficult to

implement but if Russia is putting these

on first-person view drones for onetime

use it means that they have a an

industrial process set up to mass

produce cheap relatively cheap thermal

imaging systems for these drones then

this article tries to explain why

Ukraine doesn't have this capability uh

or at least not on a similar scale and

it says and they're quoting an aerial

Scout in Ukraine can we convert our

drones absolutely in general it doesn't

matter whether the camera is

conventional or infrared but only the

state can implement this on a large

scale so this goes back to this point I

always make

about Russian industrial output versus

Western industrial output purpose versus

profit and why the West will never be

able to match or exceed Russian military

industrial output at least not in time

to turn the tide in this conflict taking

place in Ukraine not anytime in the four

foreseeable future and this is a reality

that many are coming to grips to and

they're looking for ways to overcome so

also uh from Ukrainian based Pro

Ukrainian media the Kiev independent

this was from relatively recent recently

uh January 13th 2024 Minister urges

ukrainians to create drones for Army at

home the digital transformation Minister

urged Ukraine I to create drones for the

military at home is part of the people's

drone project so the participants can

take a free engineering course to teach

themselves how to assemble a 7in

firstperson view drone at home talk

about what fpv drones are and then they

talk about how these drones are brought

to a collection point they're they're

quality tested and then they're sent to

the front and actually the idea of

distributed manufacturing is not new it

was used during World War II to the UK

use distributed manufacturing to

overcome deficiencies uh in their fight

against Nazi Germany but no one should

Mis make the mistake of thinking that

the UK would have somehow survived and

prevailed in that conflict if it hadn't

been for the United States and the

Soviet Union's massive utterly massive

industrial capability capacity they dwar

Germany Italy and Japan many times over

and it was that that won the war was not

distributed Manufacturing in the UK

every little bit helps of course but if

you do not have the fundamentals of your

military industrial output solved if

that is a major problem distributed

manufacturing is not an alternative

besides Russia is doing it too who who

could have who could have thought so

this is from Forbes this is from

December last year actually Russian

volunteer group claims to make 1,000 fpv

kikazi drones per day per day the fpv

kamakazi has become a signature weapon

of the conflict in Ukraine and

improvised Precision attack drone which

gives Precision lethality to the

individual foot soldier first introduced

by Ukrainian forces fpvs were quickly

copied by the Russians are now appearing

in large numbers Russian volunteer

groups claim that it is producing a

thousand of the drones every single day

the claim appeared in a recent video

which shows large numbers being

assembled and shipped this upsurge is

thanks to aid from Russia's Ministry of

Defense previously opposed to private

initiative so this is this is Russia

doing what Ukraine is attempting to do

and it's obviously going to be able to

do it on a much larger scale with many

times more resources and not only are

these fpv drones going to be

mass-produced but if they decide to

integrate AI targeting that is something

that not not that difficult to do if you

have the basic airframe the the battery

the camera it's just a matter of

switching out the flight controller and

possibly an additional microcontroller

handling the the AI algorith targeting

algorithm the article concludes by

saying the Soviet Union achieved success

in World War II by being able to absorb

heavy casualties and having the

industrial capacity to produce vast

quantities of military hardware we are

seeing something similar now neither

side seems capable of large scale

offensive operations and we have

relative we have a relatively static War

of Attrition where both sides face

entrenched defenses the side which

produces more fpvs and erode enemy

forces fastest may end up as the Victor

but but not just fpv drones everything

else as well tanks

warplanes uh artillery shells artillery

pieces uh absolutely everything is being

made in much larger quantities with

better quality by Russia than Ukraine

and his Western allies and as I pointed

out in many videos uh previously this is

not something that can change overnight

this would take years and years of uh

very extreme

reorganization that the West simply

hasn't even talked about doing let alone

started doing I I most likely will touch

on this topic again if people have a a

general interest in any specific weapon

system just let me know in the comment

section below and I I will cover that

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and videos as well although I would

caution people about watching fpv drone

videos they are essentially a flying

grenade when they hit infantry on the

ground has the same effect on the human

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