PEMBANGUNAN DI INDONESIA PADA MASA REFORMASI | IPS SMP Kelas 9

Summary

The video covers the transformative era of Indonesia’s reform period, starting in 1998 with the resignation of President Soeharto, which marked the end of the New Order. The reformasi era brought major political, economic, and social changes, shifting the country towards a more democratic and transparent government. Through various presidencies—BJ Habibie, Gus Dur, Megawati, SBY, and Jokowi—Indonesia focused on political stability, economic recovery, and infrastructure development. Key reforms included strengthening democracy, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and expanding national infrastructure projects. The video concludes by reflecting on the progress and future goals of Indonesia's development.

Takeaways

• 😀 The New Order period ended with a crisis, leading to high inflation, public unrest, and significant casualties in cities like Jakarta.
• 😀 The Reform Era began in 1998 after President Soeharto's resignation, aimed at democratic reforms in politics, governance, and social life.
• 😀 The Reform Era marked a shift to a more democratic governance system, allowing the formation of political parties and free press.
• 😀 BJ Habibie took office after Soeharto's resignation, focusing on economic and political stability through measures like bank rehabilitation and currency stabilization.
• 😀 Habibie's administration also lifted restrictions on the press and allowed a referendum in East Timor, along with Indonesia's first election of the Reform Era in 1999.
• 😀 Gus Dur (Abdurrahman Wahid) worked on controlling inflation and prioritizing national unity and tolerance, laying the groundwork for future development programs like Propenas.
• 😀 Gus Dur's government laid out key priorities for the country's development, including unity, democracy, and sustainable economic growth.
• 😀 Megawati continued reforms, focusing on strengthening democracy and privatizing state-owned enterprises to boost economic efficiency, though this led to controversies.
• 😀 Under Megawati, the National Development Planning System (Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional) was established to guide development over the long and medium term.
• 😀 The presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) saw substantial development projects, including infrastructure revitalization, social security establishment (BPJS), and a focus on global economic cooperation.
• 😀 The focus of Joko Widodo's administration has been on infrastructure development, with significant investments in roads, railways, airports, and energy facilities to improve connectivity and national productivity.

Q & A

What event marked the beginning of the Reform Era in Indonesia?

The Reform Era in Indonesia began when President Soeharto resigned in 1998, marking the end of the New Order period and the beginning of a major transition toward democratic reform.

How did the Indonesian economy perform during the end of the New Order?

At the end of the New Order, Indonesia faced a severe economic crisis, including high inflation, which led to widespread hardship for the population and triggered riots in various cities, including Jakarta.

What role did students play in the political transition during the Reform Era?

Students played a crucial role by demanding reforms and successfully occupying the Indonesian Parliament (DPR) building, which pressured President Soeharto to step down.

What is the primary goal of the Reform Era in Indonesia?

The main goal of the Reform Era was to make significant changes in the governance system, including political, economic, and social reforms, aimed at achieving greater democracy, fairness, and transparency.

What was BJ Habibie's focus during his brief presidency?

During his presidency, BJ Habibie focused on stabilizing the economy and politics, including banking reform, restoring the value of the rupiah, and holding Indonesia's first free elections in 1999.

How did BJ Habibie contribute to Indonesia's technological development?

BJ Habibie contributed significantly to Indonesia's technological development, particularly in the field of aerospace, earning the title 'Father of Indonesian Technology' for his leadership in technological innovation.

What were the key priorities in Abdurrahman Wahid's administration?

Abdurrahman Wahid focused on controlling inflation, stabilizing the rupiah, reforming government operations, promoting national unity, and fostering tolerance amid national divisions.

What major policy document was established during Gus Dur's presidency?

During Gus Dur's presidency, the 'Propenas' (National Development Program) was established, outlining the nation's strategic goals in nine key areas, including economy, law, politics, and social welfare.

What was Megawati Soekarnoputri's contribution to Indonesia's political system?

Megawati Soekarnoputri strengthened the democratic process by overseeing the first direct presidential election and also implemented the privatization of state-owned enterprises to boost the economy.

What infrastructure developments occurred under President Joko Widodo's administration?

Under President Joko Widodo, infrastructure development became a central focus, with significant investments in building roads, railways, airports, ports, and other public facilities to improve connectivity and efficiency across the country.