Dentacademy - Anatomi Umum - Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan Keras dan Lunak Gigi - Part 1

Summary

This video provides an in-depth look at the structure and function of hard and soft tooth tissues. It focuses on the enamel, dentin, cementum, and the calyx, explaining their roles in protecting and supporting the tooth. Enamel, the hardest tissue in the body, is mineralized and avascular, making it capable of withstanding significant pressure. The video also covers enamel's color, thickness variations, and its ability to change over time due to mineralization and demineralization. The radiographic appearance of these tissues is also discussed, highlighting the differences in their mineral content and visibility in X-rays.

Takeaways

• 😀 Enamel is the hardest part of the tooth and the hardest structure in the human body, composed of 96% inorganic materials.
• 😀 Enamel has no blood or nerve supply, making it avascular, which is why you don't feel pain when eating or drinking cold or hot items.
• 😀 The enamel on the crown of the tooth is thicker than that on the cervical (neck) area, as it is used for chewing, while the cervical area is not as subject to force.
• 😀 Enamel can withstand pressure of 20-30 pounds (10-15 kg), which is the force exerted during chewing.
• 😀 The thickness of enamel varies depending on the type of tooth—incisors have thinner enamel, while molars have thicker enamel to handle chewing forces.
• 😀 Enamel is a dynamic tissue, meaning it can change over time due to demineralization, especially when affected by bacteria and cavities.
• 😀 The color of enamel changes over time, with newly erupted teeth appearing bluish-white, and eventually becoming yellowish-white due to the dentin beneath.
• 😀 Dentin, located beneath the enamel, gives the teeth their yellowish color and is more visible when enamel becomes translucent.
• 😀 Permanent teeth have more opaque enamel compared to milk teeth, which is why baby teeth appear whiter and more translucent.
• 😀 Radiographically, enamel appears white (radio-opaque) because of its high mineral content, in contrast to the darker, radiolucent appearance of dentin and pulp.

Q & A

What is the outermost layer of the tooth called, and what is its primary function?

The outermost layer of the tooth is called enamel. Its primary function is to protect the tooth from physical damage and wear during chewing. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body.

What is the composition of enamel, and why is it so hard?

Enamel is composed of 96% inorganic materials, making it extremely hard. The high mineral content, particularly calcium and phosphate, gives enamel its hardness, which exceeds that of bone.

Why does enamel not have a nerve supply or blood vessels?

Enamel is avascular, meaning it does not have blood vessels or nerve supply. This lack of nerves explains why we can eat hot or cold food without feeling pain in the enamel, although the underlying tissues may have nerve sensitivity.

What makes enamel dynamic despite being the hardest part of the tooth?

Enamel is dynamic because it can undergo changes in mineralization. It can be demineralized by acids from bacteria, like in the case of cavities, and can also undergo remineralization if the conditions are right.

What are the differences in enamel thickness between incisors and molars, and why do these differences exist?

Enamel is thicker on molars (up to 2.6 mm) compared to incisors (around 2 mm). This is because molars are used for chewing, which involves more pressure, while incisors are used for cutting food and do not need as thick a protective layer.

Why do permanent teeth appear more yellow than baby teeth?

Permanent teeth appear more yellow because their enamel is less opaque and thinner, allowing the underlying dentin, which is yellowish, to show through. Baby teeth have thicker, more opaque enamel, making them appear whiter.

What is dentin, and how does it affect the color of our teeth?

Dentin is the soft tissue beneath the enamel. It is yellowish in color and contributes to the overall color of the tooth. Since enamel is translucent, the color of the dentin can affect the visible color of the tooth.

What is cementum, and where is it located in the tooth?

Cementum is a hard tissue that covers the root of the tooth. It is similar to enamel but thinner and serves to anchor the tooth to the jawbone via the periodontal ligament.

What is the cervical area of the tooth, and how does the enamel vary in this region?

The cervical area, or neck of the tooth, is the part where the crown meets the root. In this region, enamel is thinner compared to the chewing surface of the tooth because it is not subjected to the same chewing pressures.

How does enamel appear on radiographic images, and why?

On radiographic images (X-rays), enamel appears white or radio-opaque because it is denser due to its high mineral content. In contrast, dentin and pulp appear darker (radiolucent) because they are less mineralized.