Uber/Ola Low Level System Design explained with CODE, UML Diagram | Easy & Detailed Explanation!!

Summary

The script outlines the design process for an app similar to Uber, focusing on key components like riders, drivers, and trip creation. It delves into the intricacies of driver matching and pricing strategies, employing design patterns like Singleton and Strategy for extensibility. The video script guides through the conceptual design, UML class diagrams, and the implementation of a system that efficiently manages ride requests, driver assignments, and dynamic pricing based on various factors.

Takeaways

• 🚗 The script outlines the process of designing an app similar to Uber, focusing on key components such as riders, drivers, and trips.
• 🔄 It emphasizes the importance of assumptions in the design phase, such as assuming one driver per cab and using the terms 'driver' and 'cab' interchangeably.
• 🛠️ The script discusses the creation of a trip, which involves a rider requesting a trip from a source to a destination, and the system finding an appropriate driver and calculating the price.
• 📍 The process of driver matching is highlighted, with strategies such as nearest driver, driver with high ratings, or driver with fewer trips in the last 24 hours.
• 💰 Pricing strategies are also discussed, including default pricing per kilometer or dynamic pricing based on factors like driver and rider ratings.
• 👥 The concept of managing users is introduced with the 'Rider Manager' and 'Driver Manager' classes, which handle the information of all registered riders and drivers using a Singleton design pattern.
• 🔍 The script introduces the 'Trip' class as a central component that stores details of each trip, including rider, driver, source and destination locations, price, and trip status.
• 🔄 The use of the Strategy design pattern is explained for supporting multiple algorithms for driver matching and pricing, allowing for flexibility and extensibility in the system.
• 🤝 The relationship between different classes, such as aggregation and composition, is discussed to show how different parts of the system interact and depend on each other.
• 📈 The 'Strategy Manager' class is introduced to decide which strategy to use for driver matching and pricing based on trip metadata, which contains relevant information for strategy selection.
• 🏗️ The script concludes with the creation of a trip through the 'Trip Manager' class, which coordinates the strategy manager to determine the appropriate driver and price, thereby creating a trip.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the video script?

The primary focus of the video script is to outline the design and implementation of an app similar to Uber, including the important components, the process of creating a trip, and the use of design patterns such as Singleton and Strategy.

What are the two main components assumed in the design of the app?

The two main components assumed in the design are the 'rider' who books a trip, and the 'driver' or 'cab' which is assumed to have one driver per cab, and these terms are used interchangeably.

What is the purpose of the 'Rider Manager' class in the app design?

The 'Rider Manager' class is responsible for managing all the riders in the app, storing their information, and ensuring there is only one instance of this manager using the Singleton design pattern.

How does the 'Driver Manager' class relate to the 'Rider Manager' class in terms of functionality?

Similar to the 'Rider Manager', the 'Driver Manager' class is also a Singleton class that manages all the drivers, storing their information and details like cab availability, and ensuring only one instance of this manager exists.

What is the importance of the 'Trip' class in the app design?

The 'Trip' class is crucial as it stores all the details of a particular trip, including rider, driver, source location, destination location, price, trip status, and the strategies used for pricing and driver matching.

What design pattern is used to handle different algorithms for driver matching and pricing?

The Strategy design pattern is used to handle different algorithms for driver matching and pricing, allowing for flexibility and extensibility in the app design.

What is the role of the 'Strategy Manager' class?

The 'Strategy Manager' class is responsible for deciding and managing the strategies for driver matching and pricing based on the trip metadata provided.

How does the 'Trip Manager' class interact with the 'Rider Manager' and 'Driver Manager' classes?

The 'Trip Manager' class, which is also a Singleton, interacts with the 'Rider Manager' and 'Driver Manager' classes through an aggregation relationship, as it uses these managers to manage the creation and details of trips.

What is the significance of 'Trip Metadata' in the strategy determination process?

The 'Trip Metadata' contains specific information about a trip that is used by the 'Strategy Manager' to determine the appropriate driver matching and pricing strategies for that trip.

How does the script demonstrate the creation of a trip in the app?

The script demonstrates the creation of a trip by first creating trip metadata, then determining the pricing and driver matching strategies using the 'Strategy Manager', and finally creating a trip object with all the required details.