Materi Sejarah Berdirinya Kerajaan Singasari Kelas 10 Paling Lengkap❗

Summary

This video explores the rich history of the Singasari Kingdom, a powerful Hindu-Buddhist realm in 13th-century East Java, Indonesia. Founded by Ken Arok after overthrowing the Kediri Kingdom, Singasari flourished under King Kertanegara, known for his political and economic advancements, religious syncretism, and military expansion. The kingdom’s cultural achievements, such as temples and inscriptions, are celebrated. However, after Kertanegara's assassination and Mongol invasion, Singasari fell, giving rise to the Majapahit Kingdom. The video delves into the kingdom’s political, economic, and social life, providing insight into its rise and eventual collapse.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Singasari Kingdom was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in East Java, Indonesia, established in the 13th century AD by Ken Arok after defeating the Kediri Kingdom.
• 😀 Ken Arok, originally a soldier from the Kediri Kingdom, became the first king of Singasari and was later succeeded by kings such as Anusapati, Wisnuwardhana, and Kertanegara.
• 😀 The Singasari Kingdom expanded through military expeditions and conquests, becoming a prosperous center of trade and culture during its peak under King Kertanegara.
• 😀 The Singasari Kingdom collapsed in 1293 due to an invasion by Mongol troops led by Kublai Khan, which also marked the end of the kingdom and the rise of the Majapahit Kingdom.
• 😀 The kingdom's existence is supported by various historical relics and inscriptions, such as the Singasari Temple, Dwarapala statues, and documents like the Pararaton and Negarakertagama books.
• 😀 The kingdom's origin is traced back to the defeat of the Kediri Kingdom by Ken Arok, who killed Tunggul Ametung, the ruler of Kediri, and married his wife Ken Dedes.
• 😀 King Kertanegara's reign was marked by the expansion of the kingdom's influence through the Pamalayu Expedition, aimed at controlling the Sriwijaya Kingdom and establishing diplomatic ties with surrounding regions.
• 😀 The economy of the Singasari Kingdom flourished under Kertanegara’s rule, with significant trade in commodities like gold, rice, sandalwood, and spices. Its location also made it an important trade hub.
• 😀 Religious syncretism between Hinduism and Buddhism was a defining feature of the Singasari Kingdom, particularly under King Kertanegara, who promoted the combined worship of Shiva and Buddha.
• 😀 The fall of the Singasari Kingdom was precipitated by internal strife and an attack led by Jayakatwang, who was assisted by Wiraraja, ultimately leading to the death of King Kertanegara and the kingdom’s collapse.

Q & A

Who founded the Singasari Kingdom, and how did it come to power?

The Singasari Kingdom was founded by Ken Arok in 1222 after he killed Tunggul Ametung, the head of the Kediri Kingdom's sub-district, and took over Tumapel, which eventually became the Singasari Kingdom.

What were the main factors that contributed to the Singasari Kingdom's expansion?

The Singasari Kingdom expanded its territory through a series of military expeditions and conquests, particularly during the reign of King Kertanegara, who carried out several successful campaigns and sought to extend influence outside Java.

What led to the collapse of the Singasari Kingdom?

The Singasari Kingdom collapsed due to an attack by the Mongol troops in 1293, led by Kublai Khan. Internally, King Kertanegara's focus on expanding the kingdom's power and neglecting internal security also contributed to its downfall.

What is the significance of the Pararaton book in understanding the Singasari Kingdom's history?

The Pararaton book is a crucial historical source for the Singasari Kingdom. It details the life of Ken Arok, the founding of the kingdom, and the succession of kings, providing valuable insights into the kingdom's internal politics and royal lineage.

How did King Kertanegara contribute to the cultural and religious life of the Singasari Kingdom?

King Kertanegara was known for promoting religious syncretism, combining Hinduism and Buddhism into the Shiva-Buddha concept. His reign also saw the construction of significant temples, such as the Singasari Temple, which reflected this blend of religious influences.

What role did trade and economy play during the Singasari Kingdom's peak?

Trade played a pivotal role in the economy of the Singasari Kingdom, particularly in the regions of the Brantas River valley. The kingdom prospered by controlling trade routes and exporting commodities like spices, sandalwood, and rice.

What is known about the social structure during the Singasari Kingdom's rule?

Social life in the Singasari Kingdom experienced fluctuations, with periods of neglect during certain kings' reigns. However, during the reign of King Kertanegara, social life improved, contributing to the kingdom's overall prosperity.

What are some key architectural and cultural relics from the Singasari Kingdom?

Key relics from the Singasari Kingdom include the Singasari Temple, Jago Temple, and several statues such as the Ken Dedes and Kertanegara statues. These structures and artifacts showcase the kingdom's advanced cultural and religious life.

What was the significance of the Pamalayu Expedition under King Kertanegara?

The Pamalayu Expedition in 1275 aimed to extend Singasari's influence over the Malay Kingdom and weaken the Sriwijaya Kingdom. It was part of Kertanegara's broader strategy to consolidate power in the region.

What are the different sources of historical information about the Singasari Kingdom?

Historical information about the Singasari Kingdom comes from various sources, including the Pararaton book, the Negarakertagama book, and inscriptions like the Kudadu and Mula Malurung inscriptions. These sources provide details about the kingdom's rulers, culture, and political life.