Ini Penyebab Donald Trump Komplain Sistem Pembayaran QRIS dan GPN

Summary

The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) has highlighted Indonesia's Kris payment system as a barrier to financial services in their annual trade report. This comes amidst trade negotiations between the U.S. and Indonesia, led by President Donald Trump. The U.S. argues that regulations on QR codes and the National Payment Gateway (GPN) limit American companies' involvement. However, Indonesian officials, including Bank Indonesia’s Senior Deputy Governor Destri Damayanti, defend Kris as a system aimed at fostering financial inclusion and economic growth. Since its nationwide rollout in 2020, Kris has seen significant growth in users and merchants, with cross-border payment capabilities already established with Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kris payment system in Indonesia has been in operation since January 2020, aiming to increase financial inclusion and streamline transactions.
• 😀 The system has successfully grown with over 50 million users and 32.7 million merchants as of June 2024, showing a 160.8% annual growth.
• 😀 Bank Indonesia (BI) has implemented regulations such as National Quick Response Code standards and National Payment Gateway to manage domestic payment systems.
• 😀 The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) has raised concerns about these regulations, claiming they hinder the participation of U.S. companies in Indonesia's financial services.
• 😀 The USTR report highlights that the U.S. companies were not consulted on these regulations, leading to disputes regarding the lack of participation opportunities.
• 😀 BI has defended the Kris system, emphasizing its role in promoting economic growth, financial inclusion, and its alignment with international standards.
• 😀 The Kris system has contributed to a significant increase in Indonesia’s financial inclusion rate, from 59.7% in 2019 to 88.7% in 2024.
• 😀 Kris is not limited to domestic transactions but also facilitates cross-border payments with countries like Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore, with plans for expansion into more countries.
• 😀 Indonesian government officials, including the Deputy Governor of BI, are in talks with the U.S. government to resolve the tariff and regulatory concerns raised by the USTR.
• 😀 Despite the U.S. criticisms, Indonesian officials are determined to preserve Kris, viewing it as a crucial tool for enhancing economic efficiency and financial access for the public.

Q & A

What is Kris and how does it relate to Indonesia's payment system?

Kris is Indonesia's national payment system, introduced to facilitate efficient and inclusive transactions across the country. It is a quick response code system, enabling seamless payments with local and international integration, including partnerships with countries like Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore.

Why was Kris highlighted in the US Trade Representative (USTR) report?

The USTR report flagged Kris as an obstacle for American companies, particularly in the financial and payment sectors. The report mentioned regulations that required American companies to participate in Indonesia's national quick response payment system, which they claim was introduced without adequate consultation or opportunity for feedback.

What regulations did the USTR focus on regarding Kris and payment systems?

The USTR focused on two regulations: BI regulation number 21/2019 on National Quick Response Code for payments, and BI regulation number 19/2017 on the National Payment Gateway (GPN). Both regulations impact how payments are processed in Indonesia and require domestic and international financial institutions to comply with local rules.

How has Indonesia's government responded to the concerns raised by the USTR?

The Indonesian government, through Bank Indonesia (BI), has engaged in discussions with the US government. Deputy Governor Destri Damayanti highlighted that the payment system regulations were developed with international cooperation in mind and that BI strives for a fair, inclusive system that does not discriminate against foreign companies.

What role does Kris play in advancing financial inclusion in Indonesia?

Kris has been instrumental in improving financial inclusion in Indonesia, allowing more people to access and use digital payment systems. Since its national implementation in January 2020, Kris has significantly contributed to a rise in financial inclusion, helping bring more Indonesians into the formal economy.

How successful has Kris been in terms of adoption and usage in Indonesia?

As of June 2024, Kris had 32.7 million merchants and 50.5 million users, reflecting a 160.8% annual growth. This rapid adoption has helped improve Indonesia's financial inclusion rate, from 59.7% in 2019 to 88.7% in 2024.

What impact has Kris had on traditional payment methods like debit cards and ATMs?

The rise of Kris has led to a decline in the use of traditional payment methods such as debit cards and ATMs. By January 2025, the number of debit card and ATM transactions had decreased by 3.09%, signaling a shift towards more efficient payment solutions like Kris.

Is Kris only used for domestic transactions in Indonesia?

No, Kris is not limited to domestic transactions. It has been integrated for cross-border payments with countries like Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore, and is exploring potential partnerships with South Korea, India, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia.

Why might it be a mistake to scrap Kris due to international negotiations on tariffs?

Scrapping Kris could undermine Indonesia's progress in financial inclusion and hinder the efficiency of domestic and cross-border transactions. Given its success and contribution to economic growth, removing it for the sake of international tariff negotiations would be a setback.

What are the broader implications of the US tariff negotiations for Indonesia's payment systems?

The tariff negotiations highlight the tension between national policies and international business interests. While Indonesia seeks to protect and grow its financial ecosystem, American companies feel excluded. The situation calls for a balance between fostering local innovation and accommodating global market dynamics.