TSUNAMI | Pengertian dan Sebab Terjadinya
Summary
TLDRThe script discusses tsunamis, natural disasters originating from seismic or volcanic activity under the sea, impacting coastal areas and islands. It explains that tsunamis can cause significant destruction and loss of life, contaminating freshwater and agricultural lands. The script highlights the importance of early warning systems and evacuation procedures, particularly in Pacific Rim countries like Japan and Hawaii. It also describes how tsunamis are monitored by global seismological institutions and satellites, and the factors that can trigger them, such as undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and meteor impacts. The summary emphasizes the immense speed and destructive power of tsunamis when they reach the shore, with waves that can surge inland for hundreds of meters.
Takeaways
- đ Tsunamis originate from the Japanese word meaning 'great wave in the harbor', indicating their massive nature.
- đïž They are caused by disturbances such as undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts, which can lead to coastal destruction and loss of life.
- đ Tsunamis can affect coastal areas, islands, and even cause damage to infrastructure, vegetation, and human casualties.
- đ§ They result in saltwater contamination of land and fresh water sources, impacting agriculture and clean water supplies.
- đ Regions around the Pacific Ocean, especially Japan and Hawaii, are particularly prone to tsunamis and have warning systems and evacuation procedures in place.
- đŹ Tsunamis are monitored by global seismological institutions and tracked via satellite to observe their development and direction.
- đ Most tsunamis are triggered by undersea earthquakes, with vertical movements of the Earth's crust causing sudden rises or drops at the ocean floor.
- đ The speed of a tsunami can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour, depending on the depth of the ocean where it occurs.
- đïž Upon reaching the shore, tsunamis can slow to approximately 50 kilometers per hour and their wave height can increase dramatically, causing extensive damage.
- đ Tsunami waves in the deep ocean may only be a few centimeters to several meters high, but can surge inland by hundreds of meters or even kilometers when they reach the coast.
- đ Vertical movements from earthquakes or subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is pushed under another, can also cause disturbances in the ocean that lead to tsunamis.
- đ Extremely large meteor impacts or landslides can generate mega-tsunamis with wave heights reaching hundreds of meters.
Q & A
What does the term 'tsunami' originate from and what does it mean?
-The term 'tsunami' originates from the Japanese language, meaning 'harbor wave' or 'great wave in the harbor'.
What are the common causes of a tsunami?
-Tsunamis are commonly caused by undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts in the ocean.
What kind of destruction and casualties can a tsunami cause?
-Tsunamis can cause significant destruction to coastal areas, including damage to buildings, vegetation, and loss of human life.
What are the negative impacts of a tsunami on the environment and human settlements?
-A tsunami can lead to saltwater contamination of land and fresh water, damage to agriculture, and destruction of human settlements, particularly in coastal areas.
What measures are taken in places like Japan and Hawaii to prepare for a tsunami?
-In places like Japan and Hawaii, there are warning systems and evacuation procedures in place to prepare for potential tsunamis.
How are tsunamis monitored and observed worldwide?
-Tsunamis are monitored and observed by various seismological institutions around the world and their development is tracked through satellite imagery.
What percentage of tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes?
-Approximately 90% of tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes.
How do vertical movements of the Earth's crust contribute to the formation of a tsunami?
-Vertical movements of the Earth's crust can cause the seafloor to rise or fall suddenly, disrupting the balance of the water above it and leading to the formation of a tsunami.
What is the typical speed of a tsunami wave in the deep ocean?
-The speed of a tsunami wave in the deep ocean can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour.
How does the height of a tsunami wave change as it approaches the shore?
-In the deep ocean, a tsunami wave may only be a few centimeters to a few meters high, but as it reaches the shore, it can rise to tens of meters due to the accumulation of water.
What is the range of a tsunami's inland penetration when it reaches the shore?
-A tsunami can penetrate inland by several hundred meters to even several kilometers when it reaches the shore.
What are some specific geological events that can trigger a tsunami?
-Specific geological events that can trigger a tsunami include undersea landslides, volcanic eruptions, and tectonic plate subduction.
What is a 'mega-tsunami' and how does it form?
-A 'mega-tsunami' is a very large tsunami that can be caused by extremely large meteor impacts or landslides. Its height can reach hundreds of meters.
Outlines
đ Understanding Tsunamis
This paragraph introduces tsunamis, explaining their origin from the Japanese word 'tsunami', which translates to 'harbor wave'. It describes tsunamis as large waves that occur following undersea disturbances such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts. The paragraph highlights the potential for tsunamis to cause significant damage and loss of life in coastal and island areas. It also touches on the environmental impacts, including destruction of buildings, vegetation, and contamination of freshwater sources. The paragraph mentions that around the Pacific Ocean, particularly in Japan and Hawaii, there are warning systems and evacuation procedures in place to mitigate the effects of tsunamis.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄTsunami
đĄUnderwater Earthquake
đĄVolcanic Eruption
đĄMeteor Impact
đĄSeismology
đĄWarning System
đĄEvacuation Procedure
đĄCoastal Area
đĄSubduction Zone
đĄMega-Tsunami
đĄRun-up
Highlights
Tsunami originates from the Japanese word 'tsunami', meaning 'harbor wave'.
Tsunamis are waves that occur following earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts in the ocean.
They can cause significant damage and loss of life in coastal and island areas.
Tsunamis can destroy everything in their path, including buildings and vegetation.
Saltwater contamination can affect agricultural land, soil, and clean water sources.
Cities around the Pacific Ocean, especially in Japan and Hawaii, have warning systems and evacuation procedures.
Tsunamis are monitored by various seismological institutions worldwide and tracked via satellites.
Tsunamis can occur due to disturbances that cause a significant displacement of water, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteor impacts.
90% of tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes.
Vertical movements of the Earth's crust can cause the seafloor to rise or fall suddenly, disrupting the balance of water above it.
The energy of the ocean's water flow can create large waves upon reaching the shore, leading to a tsunami.
The speed of a tsunami wave depends on the depth of the ocean where the wave occurs and can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour.
Upon reaching the shore, tsunami waves can slow down to approximately 50 kilometers per hour and become highly destructive.
In the open ocean, tsunami waves may only be a few centimeters to several meters high.
Upon reaching the shore, tsunami waves can reach tens of meters in height due to the accumulation of water.
Tsunamis can travel far inland from the coastline, with a range of several hundred meters or even kilometers.
Vertical movements can occur along faults or during earthquakes and can lead to underwater disturbances that cause tsunamis.
Landslides on the seafloor and underwater volcanic eruptions can also cause disturbances in the ocean that lead to tsunamis.
If a meteor or landslide is large enough, it can cause a mega-tsunami with heights reaching hundreds of meters.
Transcripts
hai hai
Hai
tsunami berasal dari bahasa Jepang yang
artinya tombak besar di pelabuhan
tsunami adalah sebuah ombak yang terjadi
setelah terjadinya gempa bumi gempa laut
gunung berapi meletus atau hantaman
meteor di laut
tsunami dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan
korban jiwa pada kawasan pesisir pantai
dan kepulauan dan Pak negatif yang
diakibatkan tsunami adalah merusak apa
saja yang dilaluinya
bangunan tumbuh-tumbuhan dan
mengakibatkan korban jiwa manusia
pencemaran air asin lahan pertanian
tanah dan air bersih umumnya kota di
sekitar Samudra Pasifik terutama di
Jepang juga Hawaii mempunyai sistem
peringatan dan prosedur pengungsian
apabila tsunami diramalkan akan tetap
arah
Hai
tsunami akan diamati oleh berbagai
institusi seismologi
sekeliling dunia dan perkembangannya
dipantau melalui satelit
penyebab terjadinya tsunami
tsunami dapat terjadi jika ada gangguan
yang menyebabkan perpindahan sejumlah
besar air seperti letusan gunung api
gempa bumi longsor maupun meteor yang
jatuh ke bumi namun 90% tsunami adalah
akibat gempa bumi bawah laut
gerakan vertikal pada kerak bumi dapat
mengakibatkan dasar laut naik atau turun
secara tiba-tiba yang mengakibatkan
gangguan keseimbangan air yang berada di
atasnya hal ini mengakibatkan terjadinya
aliran energi air laut yang ketika
sampai di Pantai menjadi gelombang besar
yang mengakibatkan terjadi tsunami
kecepatan gelombang tsunami tergantung
pada kedalaman laut di mana gelombang
terjadi yang kecepatannya bisa mencapai
ratusan kilometer per jam
bila tsunami mencapai pantai
kecepatannya akan menjadi kurang lebih
50 KPJ dan energinya sangat merusak
daerah pantai yang dilaluinya di tengah
laut tinggi gelombang tsunami hanya
beberapa cm hingga beberapa meter namun
saat mencapai pantai tinggi gelombangnya
bisa mencapai puluhan meter karena
terjadi penumpukan masa air saat
mencapai pantai tsunami akan merayap
masuk daratan jauh dari garis pantai
dengan jangkauan mencapai beberapa ratus
meter bahkan bisa beberapa kilometer
gerakan vertikal ini dapat terjadi pada
patahan bumi atau sesar gempa bumi juga
dapat terjadi di daerah subduksi dimana
lempeng
ndak masuk ke bawah lempeng benua tanah
longsor yang terjadi di dasar laut serta
runtuhan gunung api juga dapat
mengakibatkan gangguan air laut yang
dapat menghasilkan tsunami gempa dapat
menyebabkan gerakan tegak lurus lapisan
bumi akibatnya dasar laut naik-turun
secara tiba-tiba sehingga keseimbangan
air laut yang berada di atasnya
terganggu
demikian pula halnya dengan meteor yang
jatuh dari atas jika ukuran meteor atau
longsor ini cukup besar dapat terjadi
megatsunami dan tingginya mencapai
ratusan meter
hai hai
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