Pemerolehan Bahasa Pertama | Arif Humaini

Summary

This video script delves into the concept of first language acquisition, explaining that the first language is the one a child learns first, regardless of whether it's the mother’s language. It highlights the importance of environment over genetics in shaping language skills, with exposure to the language in the early years playing a crucial role. The script also touches on bilingualism and multilingualism, noting that children can acquire multiple languages as their first language if their cognitive abilities and environment support it. Key factors such as language order, mastery, and lifelong usage are discussed in detail.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first language a child acquires is primarily influenced by their environment, not by genetic factors.
• 😀 The term 'first language' can be misleading as it doesn't always refer to the mother's language, but rather the language the child first masters.
• 😀 A child's first language is the one they achieve fluency in, and it is learned through interaction with their immediate environment, especially parents.
• 😀 Language acquisition is a cognitive process, and children learn their first language naturally during their early years.
• 😀 A child can acquire more than one first language, which is known as bilingualism or multilingualism, depending on the exposure they get.
• 😀 A child's internal cognitive abilities, such as intelligence, play a crucial role in how they acquire and master their first language(s).
• 😀 External factors, like the language spoken by the child's caregivers and community, significantly impact the acquisition of the first language.
• 😀 A child's first language is typically acquired between the ages of 4-12, during a critical developmental period known as the 'golden age' of language learning.
• 😀 First language acquisition is marked by a child's ability to use the language fluently and effortlessly in daily communication.
• 😀 The first language remains ingrained in a child’s subconscious and continues to be used throughout their life, even if other languages are learned later.
• 😀 The concept of a child's 'first language' is defined by the language they fully master and use, not necessarily by the language of their parents.

Q & A

What is meant by 'bahasa pertama' (first language)?

'Bahasa pertama' refers to the first language a child acquires, typically influenced by the environment around them, such as the language spoken by their parents or caregivers. It is not necessarily the language of the mother, contrary to common misconception.

How does 'bahasa ibu' (mother tongue) relate to 'bahasa pertama' (first language)?

'Bahasa ibu' is a term commonly used to refer to the first language a child learns. However, it doesn't necessarily mean the language spoken by the mother. The term 'ibu' reflects the closeness of the child's environment, as the mother is often the primary caregiver.

Can a child's first language be influenced by genetic factors?

No, language acquisition is not determined by genetic factors. Unlike traits like blood type, language ability is influenced by the environment, such as the languages a child is exposed to in their surroundings.

What role does the environment play in language acquisition?

The environment plays a significant role in language acquisition. The languages a child is exposed to, especially by their parents or caregivers, heavily influence the child's first language, and this process is shaped by the immediate surroundings.

What are the three main characteristics of 'bahasa pertama' (first language)?

The three main characteristics of 'bahasa pertama' are: 1) Sequence: It is the first language the child masters. 2) Proficiency: The child must master it to a high level of proficiency. 3) Longevity: It remains ingrained in the child's subconscious and is used throughout their life.

Can a child have more than one first language?

Yes, a child can acquire more than one language as their first language, especially if raised in a multilingual environment. This can lead to bilingualism or even multilingualism, depending on the languages spoken around them.

What is the difference between bilingualism and multilingualism in relation to first language acquisition?

Bilingualism refers to the ability to acquire and use two first languages, while multilingualism refers to acquiring and using more than two first languages. This ability is influenced by the child's exposure to multiple languages in their environment.

What factors influence whether a child can master more than one language as a first language?

A child's cognitive ability (internal factors) and their exposure to multiple languages (external factors) play a significant role in whether they can master more than one language as their first language. The child's readiness to learn and their environment are key factors.

How does the 'golden age' of language acquisition impact the mastery of the first language?

The 'golden age' refers to the early childhood years (around ages 4 to 12), when a child is most receptive to language learning. During this time, language acquisition happens rapidly, and the first language becomes deeply ingrained in the child’s subconscious, making it difficult to forget later in life.

What are some potential challenges in a multilingual environment for a child learning their first language?

In a multilingual environment, a child may become confused and struggle to master multiple languages simultaneously if they are not properly guided. This can lead to the child knowing several languages but not mastering any of them completely, especially if they are not prepared to handle multiple languages at once.