The difference and similarities between first language and second language acquisition

Summary

In this video, the hosts discuss the differences and similarities between first and second language acquisition. First language acquisition is a natural, unconscious process that children undergo to learn their native language, typically reaching full proficiency by age six. Stages include phoneme reception, babbling, and telegraphic speech. Factors influencing this process include age, personality, and motivation. Second language acquisition, in contrast, is a more conscious effort often undertaken later in life, with stages such as the silent period, early production, and advanced fluency. Both processes are influenced by universal grammar, follow predictable stages, utilize context, and are affected by age.

Takeaways

• 🌱 First language acquisition is a natural process that children undergo to learn their native language without conscious effort, typically reaching full proficiency by age six.
• 📚 The difference between learning and acquisition is that learning is a conscious acceptance of knowledge about a language, while acquisition is a subconscious process.
• 👶 Stages of first language acquisition include phoneme reception, cooing, babbling, and the development of telegraphic speech, each with distinct characteristics and timeframes.
• 🧠 Factors influencing first language acquisition include age, personality, and motivation, with young children being more receptive to language learning.
• 🗣️ Noam Chomsky's quote emphasizes that acquiring a first language is inevitable for a healthy child, much like walking.
• 🌐 Second language acquisition involves learning additional languages beyond one's native tongue and typically requires more conscious effort than first language acquisition.
• 🔍 The stages of second language acquisition include the silent period, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency, each with its own milestones and challenges.
• 👶👵 Age is a significant factor in second language acquisition, with children under ten generally adapting more easily to new languages.
• 🤗 Personality plays a role in language learning, with extroverted learners often making faster progress due to their willingness to practice and take risks.
• 💡 Motivation is key for second language learners; those who enjoy the process and take pride in their progress tend to achieve higher proficiency.
• 🔄 Both first and second language acquisition share similarities such as the influence of universal grammar, predictable stages, the use of context, and the importance of age in determining proficiency.

Q & A

What is the difference between 'learning' and 'acquisition' in the context of language development?

In the context of language development, 'learning' refers to the conscious acceptance of knowledge about a language, such as grammar or style, which is typically taught by a teacher. 'Acquisition,' on the other hand, involves the subconscious acceptance of knowledge where information is stored in the brain through the use of communication without the need for a teacher.

How does first language acquisition occur in children?

First language acquisition is a natural process that doesn't require any conscious effort. It occurs without the need for a structured approach, and children typically achieve 100 percent proficiency within six years from birth.

What are the stages of first language acquisition as described in the script?

The stages of first language acquisition include phoneme reception (1-4 months), cooing (4-6 months), babbling (6-8 months), the emergence of first words (12-16 months), and the telegraphic speech stage (around 2 years old).

What factors influence first language acquisition in children?

Factors influencing first language acquisition include age, personality, and motivation. Younger children find it easier to acquire language, and their personality, such as being extroverted, can affect their willingness to practice speaking. Motivation to communicate and express themselves also plays a significant role.

What does Noam Chomsky's quote imply about first language acquisition in children?

Noam Chomsky's quote suggests that acquiring a first language at a young age is inevitable for a healthy baby, just as walking is. It implies that children are naturally designed to learn language, and it's nearly impossible to prevent them from doing so.

How is second language acquisition different from first language acquisition?

Second language acquisition requires more conscious effort and often occurs later in life. It builds upon the foundation of the first language and can be more rapid but also more challenging due to the influence of the native language.

What are the stages of second language acquisition mentioned in the script?

The stages of second language acquisition include the silent period (pre-production), early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency.

How does age affect second language acquisition?

Age plays a significant role in second language acquisition. Younger learners under the age of 10 find it easier to adapt to the new language, while older learners may face more challenges.

What similarities exist between first and second language acquisition?

Both first and second language acquisition involve the influence of universal grammar, predictable stages with a particular structure, the use of context, and the impact of age on proficiency.

How does personality affect an individual's progress in second language acquisition?

Introverted learners may make slower progress in second language acquisition, especially in developing oral skills, while extroverted learners are more likely to take risks and practice more, leading to faster progress.

What is the role of motivation in second language acquisition?

Motivation plays a crucial role in second language acquisition. Students who enjoy language learning and take pride in their progress tend to perform better than those who lack motivation.

Outlines

00:00

👶 First Language Acquisition Insights

This paragraph discusses the concept of first language acquisition, which is the natural process by which children learn their native language. It contrasts 'learning' with 'acquisition,' where the former is a conscious effort to gain knowledge about a language, and the latter is a subconscious process. The paragraph outlines the stages of first language acquisition, starting from phoneme reception at one month to advanced speech development by two years. It emphasizes that this process is innate, requiring no conscious effort, and is influenced by factors such as age, personality, and motivation. Noam Chomsky's quote highlights the inevitability of language acquisition in early childhood.

05:01

📚 Second Language Acquisition Overview

The second paragraph delves into second language acquisition, which is the learning of additional languages beyond one's native tongue. It requires more conscious effort compared to first language acquisition and often occurs later in life. The stages of second language acquisition are described, from the silent period to advanced fluency, with each stage representing a progression in language proficiency. The paragraph also discusses factors affecting second language acquisition, such as age, personality, and motivation, and draws parallels with first language acquisition, noting that both processes involve universal grammar, predictable stages, context use, and are influenced by age.

Keywords

💡First Language Acquisition

First Language Acquisition refers to the process by which children learn their native language. It is a natural and subconscious process that occurs without the need for formal instruction. In the video, it is mentioned that this process is completed with near 100 percent proficiency within six years from birth. The script highlights that first language acquisition is an inevitable part of a child's development, akin to learning to walk.

💡Second Language Acquisition

Second Language Acquisition is the process of learning an additional language beyond one's native language. Unlike first language acquisition, it typically requires more conscious effort and often occurs later in life. The video script outlines distinct stages of second language acquisition, emphasizing that it builds upon the foundation of the first language.

💡Phoneme Reception

Phoneme Reception is the first stage of first language acquisition, occurring from one to four months of age. During this stage, infants begin to recognize and respond to the sounds of language, developing different crying styles to communicate their needs. The script uses this term to illustrate the initial steps in language acquisition, where babies turn their heads towards the source of sounds.

💡Babbling

Babbling is the stage that follows phoneme reception, where babies develop the ability to articulate consonants like 'ga' and 'ka'. This stage is crucial as it marks the beginning of children producing speech-like sounds, which is a significant milestone in language development as discussed in the script.

💡Telegraphic Speech

Telegraphic Speech is a stage in first language acquisition where children start to use two-word combinations, such as 'mommy eat' or 'daddy go'. This stage is characterized by the use of content words while omitting function words. The script mentions this as a phase where children begin to communicate more complex ideas but are still developing their syntactic abilities.

💡Universal Grammar

Universal Grammar is a concept introduced by Noam Chomsky, suggesting that all humans are born with an innate ability to understand and produce language. The script implies that this concept may influence both first and second language acquisition, suggesting a common underlying structure that facilitates language learning.

💡Silent Period

The Silent Period is an early stage in second language acquisition where learners listen and absorb the new language without speaking. The video script indicates that this period can last for several weeks and is a normal part of the language learning process, allowing learners to internalize the language before attempting to produce it.

💡Early Production

Early Production is the stage in second language acquisition where learners begin to speak using short phrases and sentences. The script highlights that this stage is characterized by many errors as learners are still developing their language skills and are heavily reliant on listening and absorbing the language.

💡Intermediate Fluency

Intermediate Fluency is a stage in second language acquisition where learners have a vocabulary of around 6,000 words and begin to use more complex sentences. The script mentions that at this stage, learners may use strategies from their native language to aid in English language learning, indicating a more advanced level of language proficiency.

💡Advanced Fluency

Advanced Fluency is the final stage of second language acquisition described in the script, where individuals can communicate fluently in all contexts. Even though they might still have an accent or use certain expressions incorrectly, they are essentially fluent and comfortable in the second language.

💡Motivation

Motivation is a key factor in language acquisition, as highlighted in the script. It refers to the learner's interest and enthusiasm for learning the language, which can significantly impact their progress. The video emphasizes that motivated learners, who enjoy the process and take pride in their achievements, tend to perform better.

Highlights

First language acquisition is a natural process that children undergo to learn their native language.

Learning and acquisition are two different terms; learning is conscious knowledge acceptance, while acquisition is subconscious.

First language acquisition is completed with 100 percent proficiency within six years from birth.

The first stage of first language acquisition is phoneme reception, where babies process sounds and develop different crying styles.

Between four to six months, babies develop the ability to articulate velar consonants like 'ga' and 'ka'.

Babbling occurs between six to eight months, where babies produce multi-syllable sounds and start to understand social rules of speech.

At 12 to 16 months, babies begin to combine two words, such as 'mommy eat', and adults rely on context to understand.

By the age of two, a child can produce up to 300 words and understand five times as many, entering the telegraphic speech stage.

Factors influencing first language acquisition include age, personality, and motivation.

Noam Chomsky's quote emphasizes that acquiring a first language at a young age is inevitable for a healthy baby.

Second language acquisition refers to learning additional languages beyond one's native language.

Second language acquisition requires more conscious effort and often occurs later in life.

The first stage of second language acquisition is the silent period, where learners listen and absorb without speaking.

Early production is the second stage, where learners begin to speak using short phrases and focus on listening.

In the speech emergent stage, learners' speech becomes more frequent, and they rely on context and familiar topics.

Intermediate fluency is characterized by a vocabulary of around 6,000 words and the beginning of complex sentence use.

Advanced fluency is the final stage where individuals communicate fluently in all contexts, though accents may persist.

Factors influencing second language acquisition include age, with younger learners adapting more easily, and personality, with extroverts making faster progress.

Motivation plays a significant role in second language acquisition, with enthusiastic learners achieving more.

Both first and second language acquisition share similarities such as the influence of universal grammar and predictable stages.

Context, cognitive knowledge, and interaction are used by learners in both language acquisition processes to comprehend language.

Age is a significant variable affecting proficiency in both first and second language acquisition.

Transcripts

in this video me and afnan andrad are

going to talk about

the difference and similarities between

first language and second language

acquisition

first language acquisition refers to the

way children learn their native language

when we describe

how humans require language we use two

different

terms learning and acquisition for sure

there's a difference between learning

and acquisition learning

is the contrast acceptance of knowledge

about a language

such as the grammar or style learning

is an international process that needs a

teacher to teach and the teacher

controls

base on the other hand acquisition

involves the subconscious acceptance of

knowledge

where information is stored in the brain

through the use of communication

acquisition doesn't response teacher

and the child controls base when we talk

about first language acquisition

we find that it is a natural process

that doesn't require

any conscious efforts and it doesn't

needs in structure as well

first language acquisition completely

acquired with a

100 percent proficiency within

six years from the birth there is no

other alternative to first language

a person cannot decide his first

language

it comes to him as inheritance

birthright

now let's talk about stages of

first language acquisition starting from

one month to four months this stage

called

phoneme reception at which in vance

process

this sound they hear in the early months

of their lives turns their heads in the

direction of

sounds they develop different patterns

of crying styles to express different

needs

from four months to six months babies

develop the ability

to articulate velar consonants

such as ga and ka this stage

known as coin the third stage

bubbling takes place between six and

eight months

baby become able to make multi-syllable

or combining consonants and vowel

such as papa papa

they start to produce more complex

syllables

such as madagappa

in this stage child acquires some

experience of the social rule of speech

between 12 to 16 months babies start to

reduce

two words such as mommy eat daddy go

at the adult try to

know the meaning depends on the context

when the baby reached the age of two

years

he can produce up to 300 words and

understand five times as many now

baby starts stage called telegraphic

speech

this stage features humble syntactic

abilities as the child develop the skill

of sentence

building they produce sentence for words

like

nouns verbs and adjectives and draw

functional words like articles and

prepositions for example

baby play garden of course

there are factors involved in first

language acquisition

such as age personality and

motivation at this young age the

receiving become more

easier for the baby he will not

only develop the language but he will

master it

also the personality of the baby doesn't

make him feel shy

or hesitate the embarrassment of the

mistake

in his speaking will not make him

hesitate

the last factor for a child to acquire

language

is motivation it is make him able to

communicate with adults

get what he wants and express himself

clearly here is a quote by noam chomaski

that explains the choir a first language

at a young age

is inevitable for a healthy baby

he said we are designed to walk

that we are told to walk is impossible

and pretty much the same is true for

language

nobody is totally good in fact you can't

prevent the child from learning it

okay now let's talk about the second

language acquisition

what is the second language acquisition

second language acquisition refers to

the learning of another language

or languages beside the native language

now we differentiated between the first

language acquisition

and second language acquisition the

first language acquisition

serves as the basis of learning the

second language

the second language acquisition requires

more of a conscious effort

second language acquisition is more

rapid base of language development

and occurs more often later in life

now let's talk about the stages of

second language acquisition

the first one pre-production or the

silent period when the student takes in

the new language but doesn't speak it

this period often lasts six weeks or

longer

depending on the individual the second

is early production

the individual begins to speak using

short wars and sentence but the emphasis

is still on listening and absorbing the

new language

there will be many errors in the early

protection stage

third is a speech emergent speech

becomes more frequent

words and sentences are longer the

individual still relies

only on context closed and familiar

topics

vocabulary continues to increase and

errors begin to decrease

especially in common automated

interaction

let's move to stage number four

intermediate fluency

english language learners at the

intermediate fluency stage

have a vocabulary of around 6 000 words

they are beginning to use more complex

sentences

and they will ask a question to clarify

what they are layering in the class

at this stage a student will use

strategies from their native language

to learn content in english student

writing in this stage will help many

errors

as english language learners try to

master the complexity

of english grammar and sentences

structure a student in this stage will

also be able to understand more complex

concepts let's move to stage number five

which is the last one

advanced fluency the individual

communicates fluently in all contexts

and it can maneuver successfully

in a new context and when exposed to new

academic information

at this stage the individual may still

have an accent and use either manic

expression incorrectly at times

[Music]

but the individual is essentially fluent

and comfortable communicating in the

second language

now let's talk about the factors age

under the age of 10 it's easy to adapt

the language during that stage

personality introvert learners usually

make

lower progress per seculary

and the development of oral skills while

extroverts will make risks and thus will

give themselves

much more practice motivation students

who enjoy language learning and take

pride in their progress

will do better than those who don't now

my friend rad will complete

afnan and faye talked about first

language and second language

acquisition and the differences as there

are many differences between first

language and second language

there are also many similarities first

one is

in both first and second language

acquisition universal grammar may

influence learning

in second language learning universal

grammar may influence learning either

independently

or through the first language second is

in both first and second language

acquisition there are predictable stages

and particular structure acquired in a

set order

individuals may move more slowly or

quickly through these stages

but they cannot skip ahead next in both

first and second language acquisition

the learner uses context clause royal

knowledge

and interaction to comprehend language

finally

in both first and second language

acquisition age is an important variable

affecting proficiency

so that's it thank you for your

listening